• The Korean Journal of Physiology
• /
• 제7권2호
• /
• pp.17-20
• /
• 1973

A study was planned to see if the Panax Ginseng has any influence upon the general activity of rats. Seventeen male rats (mean body weight: 204 g) was divided into a ginseng group (N=9) and a saline group (N=8). Once a day for 5 days they received subscutaneously 0. 5m1/100g body weight of ginseng extract solution (4 mg of ginseng alcohol extract in 1 ml of saline), and same amount of saline, respectively. For 20 days beginning from the 1st day of medication on, each rat received activity measurement by means of beam interruption method. Following results were obtained : 1. Activities at night (6 p.m. to 6 a.m. next morning) and in 24hours on the 10 th, 12th, and 13 th day were significantly increased in the ginseng group compared with activities of the saline group. 2. Summed total night and 24-hour activities observed for 15 days after termination of medication were also significantly augmented in the ginseng group compaired with those of the saline group, although no remarkable difference existed between the 2 groups with regard to the summed total daytime activity. It is inferred that the ginseng augments general activity of rats especically at night.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제16권16호
• /
• pp.6963-6966
• /
• 2015

Background: During the past few years, Hesa-A, a herbal-marine mixture, has been used to treat cancer as an alternative medicine in Iran. Based on a series of studies, it is speculated that Hesa-A possesses special cytotoxic effects on invasive tumors. To test this hypothesis, we investigated the selective anticancer effects of Hesa-A on several cancer cell lines with different metastatic potential. Materials and Methods: Hesa-A was prepared in normal saline as a stock solution of 10 mg/ml and further diluted to final concentrations of $100{\mu}/ml$, $200{\mu}g/ml$, $300{\mu}g/ml$ and $400{\mu}g/ml$. MTT-based cytotoxicity assays were performed with A549 (lung non small cancer), MCF-7 (breast adenocarcinoma), SKOV3 (ovarian cancer), and PC-3 (prostate adenocarcinoma) cells. Results: All treated cancer cells showed significant (P<0.01) or very significant (P<0.0001) differences in comparison to negative control at almost all of the tested doses ($100-400{\mu}g/ml$). At the lower dose ($100{\mu}g/ml$), Hesa-A reduced cell viability to 66%, 45.3%, 35.5%, 33.2% in SKOV3, A549, PC-3 and MCF-7 cells, respectively. Moreover, at the highest dose ($400{\mu}g/ml$), Hesa-A resulted in 88.5%, 86.6%, 84.9% and 79.3% growth inhibition in A549, MCF-7, PC-3 and SKOV3 cells, respectively. Conclusions: Hesa-A exert potent cytotoxic effects on different human cancer cells, especially those with a high metastatic potential.

• 한국임상수의학회지
• /
• 제23권2호
• /
• pp.190-193
• /
• 2006

개에서 방사선 검사로 확진한 둔부 골관절염 증례에 대하여 hyaluronic acid의 관절강내 주사 및 caprofen의 경구투여를 2주간 치료를 하였으나, 임상증상이 개선되지 않았다. 봉독 수침요법(5일 간격, 7회)과 압통점 치료를 병용하였다. 수침에 사용된 혈위는 이환 된 우측 환지의 5개 혈위를 사용하였다: GB30(국소혈), ST35, GB33, BL40 및 LIV08(원위혈). 수침재료(0.2 ml/혈위, 전체 1 ml/회)는 apitoxin $100{\mu}g+2%$ 리도카인 (1:1)+생리식염수로 제조하였고, 5개 혈위에 각각 0.2 ml씩 수침하였다. 또한 우측 환지의 대퇴사두근의 압통점에 2% 리도카인(0.2ml/압통점)을 매회 치료 시 각각 수침하였다. 봉침 수침 요법은 임상증상을 급속하게 개선시켰는데, 파행 및 보행실조가 7회 치료(30일) 후 소실되었으며, 우측 후지의 근육 위축이 많이 호전되었고, 치료 종료 2주 후(44일)에 방사선 검사 상 환부는 거의 정상소견을 나타내었다. 본 환축은 봉독 수침 요법과 압통점 치료의 병용으로 양호한 치료반응을 나타난 개의 둔부 골관절염의 증례이었다.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
• /
• 제8권1호
• /
• pp.15-22
• /
• 1974

The influence, upon male rat's mating behavior, of Korean Panax Ginseng administered for 3 and 5 days was investigated by direct behavioral observation and also by counting the number of copulation plugs the animals deposited. Four쇼-four male albino rats were used. Part of the animals received ginseng for 3 days (ginseng-3 day group, N= 12) or for 5 days(ginseng-5 day group, H=10), while the remaining animals received saline for 3 days (saline-3 day group, N=12) or for 5 days (saline-S day group, N=10). Each animal belonging to the 2 ginseng groups received subcutaneously 0.5 ml/100 g body weight of ginseng alcohol extract solution (4 mg of the ethyl alcohol extract in 1 ml of physiological saline), and each rat belonging to the 2 saline groups received the same amount of saline per day. During the dark period of the light-dark cycle on the next day following the last drug administration, a female rat in the artificial estrus was introduced to each male and the mating behavior was observed for 45 minutes. The observation session was divided into two parts and, in the early part which terminated with the first ejaculation and succeeding intromission, following behavioral measures were taken: mounting latency, intromission latency, inter-intromission period, ejaculatory latency(time from the first intromission until the first ejaculation), occurrence of mounting with intromission, occurrence of mounting without intromission, and postejaculatory interval. Behavioral measures taken in the later part of the session after the first ejaculation were: occurrence of mounting with intromission, occurrence of mounting without intromission, and occurrence of ejaculation. Immediately after the behavioral observation session the experiment turned to measure, for 10 days, the number of copulation plug which each pair of rats deposited. Following results were obtained: 1. After several mountings mounting with intromission, males of the 2 ginseng groups finished the first ejaculation significantly earlier than the corresponding 2 saline groups did. 2. The postejaculatory latency was significantly reduced in the ginseng-5 day group compare with the value of the saline-5 day group and also compared with the value of the ginseng-3 day group. 3. The 2 ginseng groups ejaculated significantly more often in 45 minutes' observation session than the corresponding 2 saline groups did. 4. The number of copulation plug deposited in 10 days by the animals of the 2 ginseng groups. significantly exceeded the number deposited by the corresponding 2 saline group animals. The animals of the ginseng-5 day group deposited copulation plugs significantly more than the animals of the ginseng-3 day group did. It is inferred from the above results that the ginseng facilitates mating behavior of male rats, and that the degree of facilitation may be influenced by the duration of drug administration.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
• /
• 제29권2호
• /
• pp.132-140
• /
• 2007

This study compared the histological patency rates of anastomoses of the femoral artery. Twelve rabbits weighing about 2 kg were studied. Both the right and left femoral arteries were cut. The control group had no damage to the vessel, saline irrigation, and micro-anastomosis. Experimental group I had a crush injury to the vessel, saline irrigation, and micro-anastomosis. Experimental group II had a crush injury, saline irrigation, 100 U/ml heparin irrigation, and micro-anastomosis. Experimental group III had the same treatment as experimental group II plus the systemic application of 100 U/kg heparin iv. The histological patency rates were compared. The patency rates of the control group 30 min and 3 days after the anastomosis were 100 and 83%, respectively. The respective rates for experimental groups I and II 30 min and 3 days after the anastomosis were 100% in all cases. The respective rates in experimental group III were 100 and 83%. In this study, no significant correlation was observed between the patency rate and the effects of local irrigation or the systemic application of heparin on the microvascular anastomosis of the rabbit femoral artery. However, the patency rate tended to decrease concomitantly with an increase in surgery time. Increased bleeding was observed after the systemic application of heparin. Obvious damage to the crush-injured vascular endothelium was detected on histologic examination of the micro-anastomosed area. In addition, some vessels subjected to crush injury contained thrombi attached to the vascular endothelium. No preventive effect of heparin on thrombus formation was observed.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
• /
• 제30권1호
• /
• pp.121-134
• /
• 2000

Root conditioning has introduced to dissolve the smear layer and to produce surface demineralization, resulting to exposure of dentin collagen fibril and opening of dentinal tubules. The purpose of the present study was to examine the effect of different concentration and application time of tetracycline-HCL on root conditioning. Total 40 root specimen were prepared from 20 periodontitis-prone human single rooted tooth. The specimen were treated with tetracycline-HCL solution(20mg/ml, 50mg/ml, 100mg/ml)for 20 sec, 3 min, 5 min., and saline for 30 sec. The application method was rubbing method with cotton pellet. Under the scanning electron microscopy(20KV), the extent of smear removal and opening of the dentinal tubules were examined at x 3000. The following results were obtained. 1. Treatment of root specimen with saline did not remove the smear layer and open the dentinal tubules. 2. Treatment of root specimen with different concentration of tetracycline-HCL for 20 sec also did not remove the smear layer completely. 3. Treatment of root specimen with different concentration of tetracycline-HCL for 3 min opened the dentinal tubules and removed smear layer. 4. Treatment of root specimen with 50mg/ml of tetracycline-HCL for 3 min showed collagen fibril within the opened dentinal tubules. In conclusion, the effect of root conditioning with tetracycline-HCL is more dependent on the application time than the application concentration. Root conditioning with 50mg/ml tetracycline-HCL for 3 min is enough for obtaining the periodontal regeneration.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
• /
• 제7권1호
• /
• pp.37-40
• /
• 1973

As a continuation of efforts to elucidate the influence of ginseng upon nucleic acid content of various tissues, a study was carried out which measured testicular RNA and DNA contents of rats following administration of ginseng. Thirty male rats $(body\;weight:\;180{\sim}230\;gm)$ were equally divided into a ginseng and a saline group. Once a day for 5 days they received subcutaneously 0.5 m1/100 gm body weight of ginseng extract solution (4 mg of ginseng alcohol extract in 1 ml of saline), and the same amount of satire, respectively. On the 5th experimental day, all animals were sacrificed 2 hours after the last medication and their testicular RNA and DNA contents were measured using the chemical method of Schmidt-Thannhauser-Schneider. Following results were obtained: 1. Testicular RNA and DNA contents were significantly higher in the ginseng group than in the saline group. 2. RNA/DNA ratio of the testis was lower in the ginseng group than in the saline group. However, the two groups did not differ significantly with regard to the RNA/DNA ratio. The ginseng is inferred to raise RNA and DNA contents of testis in rats.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
• /
• 제17권2호
• /
• pp.175-185
• /
• 2002

To investigate effects of A. gmelini on the 14-day CCl$_4$induced hepatotoxicity, extracts were prepared in 3 ml saline at the dose of 50, 500, 5,000 mg/kg b.w. to administer orally everyday and same concentration (1 : 9, CCl$_4$: olive oil v/v) of CCl$_4$administered intraperitoneally with 2.5 ml/kg b.w. On the 7th day, hemanalysis showed following recovery values; AST 9.9∼64.6%, ALT 36.9∼71.9%, ALP 75.3∼93.7％, BUN 53.8∼59.7%, TBIL 60.4∼100.0< ％, TCHO 77.7∼100.0< ％, and TG 60.4∼100.0< ％. Even if, 14-day CCl$_4$induced hepatotoxicity recovery was found to depend on doses of extract, and recovery values of each treatment were AST 13.8∼56.4％, ALT 15.7∼68.0％, ALP 53.4∼84.4％, BUN 76.9∼100.0< ％, TBIL 60.4 ∼ 100.0< %, TCHO 82.6∼99.3< ％, and TG 56.7∼99.7%. By histological examination of liver, hydropic degeneration, fatty change, lipid accumulation and necrosis were also recovered.

• Toxicological Research
• /
• 제19권1호
• /
• pp.73-82
• /
• 2003

To evaluate influence of Saposhnikovia divaricata (Turcz.) Schischk extract on rat, Saposhnikovia divaricata (Turcz.) Schischk extract was diluted with 0.9% saline (100 mg/ml/kg, 10 mg/ml/kg, and 1 mg/ml/kg, respectively), and each of diluted test material extract was daily treated subcutaneously for 4 weeks and single-treated subcutaneously for 2 weeks. There were no significances in body weight analysis, urinary analysis, and ophthalmological test. However, in serum biochemical analysis and hematological analysis, we found some significances in high and middle dose group compared with control group. These significances in serum biochemical analysis and hematological analysis may be not induced by test material, because it was not found to be significant from control group in histopathological examination. Therefore, it was concluded that NOEL (No Observed Effect Level) of test material extract may be higher than all treatment doses used in this study, and Saposhnikovia divaricata (Turcz.) Schischk extract may be a non-toxic material.

• 대한한방내과학회지
• /
• 제35권4호
• /
• pp.439-447
• /
• 2014

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate whether 1) variation of bowel sounds recorded stably through an electronic stethoscope in a sound insulation box can be related with that of gastric contraction and 2) if they are thus useful tool in the measurement of the gastric contractility in awake rats or not. Methods: Electrical potentials of both electronic stethoscope of bowel sound and force transducer were recorded simultaneously and continuously in the sound insulation box for the starting 30 min of basal state, and then 30 min of 0.2 ml normal saline administration, finally 30 min of 0.2 ml mosapride citrate solution (100 mg/Kg) in rats. Each motility index of normal saline or mosapride citrate treatment was presented with ratio against the basal state by using integrated electrical potentials. Results: A pattern of significance of gastric contractility between bowel sound and force transducer was showed analogously. Conclusions: The amplitude of bowel sounds recorded by the electronic stethoscope related with the intensity of gastric contractions. This confirms that a sound insulation box and electronic stethoscope are useful tools in the measurement of the gastric contractility of awake rats.