• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.541-546
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• 1991

The Ionescu-Shiley bovine pericardial xenograft valve was the most common cardiac substitute valve at Seoul National University Hospital. Since the follow-up extended for longer than 10 years, a total of and consecutive 107 patients with double mitral and aortic valve replacement using this valve from May 1979 to June 1984 were studied for the long-term clinical results. Their ages were 34.0$\pm$11.9 years at surgery, and eight patients died within 30 days of surgery with operative mortality rate of 7.5%. Ninety-nine early survivors were followed up for a total of 488.1 patient-years[Mean$\pm$SD, 4.9$\pm$2.7 years], and nine died with the linearlized late mortality rate of 1.84% /patient-year[pt-yr]. They experienced major complications: thromboembolism, 0.615% /pt-yr bleeding, 0.205% /pt-yr; endocarditis, l. 639%/pt-yr; overall valve failure, 6.146% /pt-yr; and primary tissue failure, 1.639%/ pt-yr. The actuarial survival rates were 91.4$\pm$2.9% and 89.6$\pm$3.4% at postoperative 5 and 10 years, and the probability of freedom from thromboembolism was 95.8$\pm$2.5% at 10 years. The primary tissue failure began to occur from postoperative 6 years and the probabilities of freedom from structural valve failure were 80.2$\pm$7.9% and 62.3$\pm$12.7% at 8 and 10 years after surgery respectively. Although there was increasing number of patients with valve tissue failure after 6 years, the evidence of expected premature and accelerated valve degeneration among young population was not clear on the age-related analysis. And, no definite cumulative patient groups beyond the various age limits could be suggested for or against the use of this valve.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.42-49
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• 2017

The present article reports the tracking characteristics of phenolic resin insulation material due to accelerated degradation. For assessing insulation degradation of the phenolic resin insulation material, experiment samples with equivalent years of 0, 10, 20, 30, and 40 years were produced by conducting accelerated degradation experiments using Arrhenius equation. Subsequently, tracking experiments according to KS C IEC 60112 standard were conducted for the experiment samples that were previously subjected to accelerated degradation. According to the measured results for tracking characteristics of phenolic resin subjected to accelerated degradation, upon dropping of 0.1% ammonium chloride, the risks were shown to increase by 1.38 times for the equivalent life of 10 years; 1.45 times for 20 years; 1.62 times for 30 years; and 1.94 times for 40 years based on the equivalent life of 0 year. Upon dropping of 0.01% ammonium chloride, the risks were shown to increase by 1.39 times for the equivalent life of 10 years; 1.52 times for 20 years; 1.99 times for 30 years; and 5.30 times for 40 years. According to the experimental results, the tracking risk was shown to be higher for longer-duration insulation degradation due to aging. In particular, the risk was observed to be greatly increased in the case of the equivalent life of 40 years. Therefore, it is proposed that the occurrence possibility and the risk of electric fires could be minimized through institutional preparation of recommended replacement period by considering risks such as insulation degradation, etc. due to aging.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.173-193
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• 2009

Objectives The purpose of this research is to find out the relationship between Zema 21 and in body based on the Sasang Constitutional difference of children. Methods We collected 1050 children from 5 years old to 15 years old who had been tested for both Zema21 and Inbody in OO oriental hospital from the period of September 1, January 1999 to August 31, 2008. This research investigated the Constitutional differences based on the relationship between Zema21 and Inbody. Results 1. It turned out that the children's height does not have a significant relationship between their age and gender. 2. Generally, Taeumin's weights were significantly high than those of Soyangin's and Soumin's in certain ages in children over 9 years old and in all genders. 3. The percentage of the body fat in Taeumin were significantly high than Soyangin and Soumin in certain ages in children over 10 years old and in all genders. 4. Waist-Hip ratio in Taeumin were significantly high than Soyangin and Soumin in male over 10 years old and in female over 13 years old of children. On the other hand, there was no relationship to the Soyangin and Soumin. 5. The obesity degree in Taeumin were significantly high in all female and male who were over 10 years old. Soyangin were the next highest group and Soumin follows. 6. Body Mass Index in Taeumin were significantly high in all genders who were over 10 years old. The second is Soyangin, and the lowest groupis Soumin. 7. The Basal Metabolic Rate resulted as significant in all age, although this does not have any relationship between age and gender. 8. Abdomen out in Taeumin were significantly high in ages over 10 and genders. The second is Soyangin and the lowest is Soumin. 9. Hip circumference Abdomen out in Taeumin were significantly high in ages over 10 and genders. Specially, Taeumin shows highest value, then the second is Soyangin, and the lowest is Soumin who were over 12 years old. Conclusions The results of Inbody were not significant to the children who were under 9 years old. Taeumin became significantly fat after over 10 years old. The results of Body Composition except height and Basal Metabolic Rate(MBR) were the highest in Taeumin, and Soyangin and Soumin were the second, and the third respectively.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.279-286
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• 2020

The objective of this study was to assess the impact of El Niño on highland kimchi cabbage production for the period from 1991-2016 in South Korea. Years with less than 1.0 Oceanic Niño index (ONI) were classified into non El Niño years, while years with equal to or greater than 1.0 ONI were defined as El Niño years. The national average production (3,444 kg 10a-1) of high kimchi cabbage in El Niño years tended to be less than that in non El Niño years (3,722 kg 10a-1) with significant differences (p = 0.0042) in the production between these groups of years. The averaged production of highland kimchi cabbage of El Niño end years (3,289 kg 10a-1) was less than those of El Niño start years and non El Niño years by 310 and 433 kg 10a-1, respectively. Such difference was significant statistically (p=0.035). According to our analysis, the differences in kimchi cabbage productions resulted from low temperature, short sunshine duration, and precipitation increase during the cultivation period of highland kimchi cabbage. This study may help for further analysis on the impact of extreme weather conditions during El Niño years on crop production.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.185-199
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• 2003

Objectives : The purpose of this clinical report was to estimate the efficacy of Lizhongtang plus Baidusan(理中湯合敗毒散) on allergic rhinitis. Methods : We prescribed Lizhongtang plus Baidusan(理中湯合敗毒散) for 15 patients who visited Kabsan oriental clinic with allergic rhinitis. We inquired into distribution of age, case history period, improvement of symptoms, etc. We used the statistical methods of student t-test in order to analysis of the different of symptom before and after treatment(p 〈0.05). Results : 1. The distribution of sex & age was as follows; Total patient were women. 10-19 years 2 cases, , 30-39 years 5 cases, 40-49 years 6 cases and 50-59 years 2 cases. 2. The case of history period was as follows; under a year 1 case, 1-3 years 3 cases, 3-5 years 2 cases, 5-10 years 4 cases and over 10 years 5 cases. 3. The amount of herbal medicine they took as follows: 1 je(劑) 1 case, 2 je(劑) 7 cases, 3 je(劑) 5 cases and 4 je(劑) 2 cases. 4. The frequency of acupuncture and moxibustion was as follows; under 5 times 1 case, 6-10 times 10 cases, 11-15 times 3 cases, over 16 times 1 case. 5. The nasal symptoms except the nasal mucosa color(pale) were improved significantly after treatment(p 〈0.05). 6 The general symptoms except menstruation pain were improved significantly after treatment(p 〈0.05). 7. The curative influence of rhinitis by Lizhongtang plus Baidusan(理中湯合敗毒散) was as follows excellent 2 cases. good 11 cases, ineffectiveness 2 cases. Conclusion: If we administer Lizhongtang plus Baidusan(理中湯合敗毒散) to allergic rhinitis patients with cold in the Zhong Jiao of deficiency type (中焦虛寒), it improves not only allergic symptoms such as the watery rhinorrhea, turbinate swelling, sneeze, nasal obstruction, etc but also coldness of the limbs(手足冷症), dyspepsia, dysmenorrhea, etc. Therefore, we consider that administration of Lizhongtang plus Baidusan(理中湯合敗毒散) to allergic rhinitis patients with cold in the Zhong Jiao of deficiency type (中焦虛寒) improves in quality of life, as removes inconvenience of life and stress.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.43-49
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• 2015

Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is a very important viral disease virus in cattle, domestic and wild ruminants. The purpose of this study is to investigate the positive rate of bovine viral diarrhea virus antigen by ELISA from Korean native and beef cattle reared in Busan area from March in 2013 to October in 2014. A total of 1,129 bovine blood samples were collected from 140 farms, 1,111 Korean native cattle of 135 farms and 18 beef cattle of 5 farms. Test for antigen was carried out by ELISA method. In general analysis, the positive rate of bovine viral diarrhea virus antigen were 0.7% (8/1,129) cattle and 5.0% (7/140) farm. In regional analysis, the positive rate of BVDV antigen of farm in Kijang-gun, Gangseo-gu, Geumjeong-gu, Saha-gu and Dongnae-gu were 1.4% (2/94), 3.6% (5/37), 0% (0/7), 0% (0/1) and 0% (0/1), respectively, and the positive rate of BVDV antigen of cattle were 0.4% (3/770), 1.5% (5/333), 0% (0/24), 0% (0/1) and 0% (0/1), respectively. The positive rate of BVDV antigen according to sex were 0.6% (6/1,085) female cattle and 4.6% (2/44) male cattle. According to the age of cattle, the positive rate of BVDV antigen in 1 year, 2 years, 3 years and 5 years old were 1.9% (4/215), 0.4% (1/265), 0.9% (2/234) and 1.0% (1/103), respectively, but 4 years (0/198), 6 years (0/55), 7 years (0/24), 8 years (0/14), 9 years (0/10), 10 years (0/7) and 11-15 years (0/3) old were negative, respectively.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2021.04a
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• pp.38-38
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• 2021

The seeds of rice with variable status were examined the germination rate after 10 years of long-term storage (-18℃) conservation. For seeds of wild relatives, 2 accessions were examined and germination rate of all accessions showed no changed after freezing conservation. For seeds of native germplasm, 1,259 accessions were examined and germination rate of 696 accessions was increased or showed no change after 10 years of long-term storage. Germination rate of 432 accessions was decreased with below 15% of initial germination rate. For 79 accessions of native germplasm, germination rate of seeds was decreased with above 15% of initial germination rate after 10 years of long-term storage, which is needed to be rejuvenated. For seeds of developed varieties, 873 accessions were examined and germination rate of 486 accessions of developed varieties was increased or showed no change after 10 years of long-term storage. Germination rate of 251 accessions was decreased with below 15% of initial germination rate. For 25 accessions of developed varieties, germination rate of seeds was decreased with above 15% of initial germination rate after 10 years of long-term storage, which is needed to be rejuvenated. For seeds of developed line, 2,131 accessions were examined and germination rate of 1,245 accessions of developed line was increased or showed no change after 10 years of long-term storage. Germination rate of 588 accessions was decreased with below 15% of initial germination rate. For 96 accessions, germination rate of seeds was decreased with above 15% of initial germination rate, which is needed to be rejuvenated.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.406-414
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• 2018

The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of characteristics of maritime telemedicine (service quality, recognition or not of service, health counselling service experience or not) on seafarer's satisfaction, and also analyze the effect of seafarer's satisfaction on loyalty. This study's data was collected from the Research Report of Survey of telemedicine service subjects in 2017 conducted in the maritime telemedicine pilot project. However, only 103 seafarers who received maritime telemedicine (Tele-Monitering) services were analyzed statistically. The main results of this study were as follows. ⅰ) Better service quality led to higher levels of satisfaction, ii) High levels of seafarer's satisfaction led to high levels of loyalty, iii) Seafarers whose age is under 50 than 30 years old are less satisfied, ⅳ) In total boarding career, Seafarers with more than 5 years but less than 10 years were more satisfied than seafarers with less than 5 years, ⅴ) Seafarers with more than 10 years but less than 15 years were more satisfied than seafarers with less than 5 years, ⅵ) Seafarers with more than 15 years but less than 20 years were more satisfied than seafarers with less than 5 years, ⅶ) Also, Seafarers in excess of 20 years were more satisfied than seafarers with less than 5 years, In conclusion, ⅰ) Better service quality led to higher levels of satisfaction and loyalty. Accordingly, the improvement of service quality is not only an important factor in improving satisfaction and loyalty, but also plays an important role in forming a positive image of maritime telemedicine. ⅱ) Seafarers with younger age and lower overall total boarding career were more satisfied. It is believed that the seafarer who are willing to use telemedicine and who are willing to refer to others are young.

• Plant Resources
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.165-168
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• 2002

This study was carried out obtain basic information for growth characteristics by different age of Dendropanax morbifera in chonnam, such as Yosu, Sunchon, Haenam, Gangjin, Wando. The pH of soil in cultivation area was 5.2 to 5.6 and organic matter was very high up to 10.6% . P205 content of soil in cultivation area was 35.3 to 42.1 mg/L, C.E.S was 13.9 to 14.4 me/100g, and moisture rate was 19.2 to 21.1 % . The flowering of Dendropanax morbifera began from 6~7 years old tree. The flowering date was at 10th of July at Wando. The growth characteristics of 12 years old tree was 929.5cm in stem height, 134.1mm in stem diameter, and 15 years old tree was 1,117.9cm in stem height, 160.8mm in stem diameter. The number of leaf was 13.9 at five years old tree, and the petioles length was 12.6 at five years old tree. Xylem sap can be had at more than 10 years old tree with good growth more than 10 em stem diameter.

• Plant Resources
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.148-151
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• 2000

This study was carried out obtain basic information for growth characteristics by different age of Dendropanax morbifera in southern part of Korea, such as at Sunchon, Haenam, Gangjin, Wando. The pH of soil in cultivation area was 5.2 to 5.6 and organic matter was very high up to 10.6%. P$_{2}$O$_{5}$, content of soil in cultivation area was 35.3 to 42.1 mg/1, C.E.S was 13.9 to 14.4 me/100g, and moisture rate was 19.2 to 21.1 %. The flowering of Dendropanax morbifera began from 6~7 years old tree. The flowering date was at 10th of July at Wando. The growth characteristics of 12 years old tree was 929.5cm in stem height, 134.1mm in stem diameter, and 15 years old tree was 1,117.9cm in stem height, 160.8mm in stem diameter. The number of leaf was 13.9 at five years old tree, and the petioles length was 12.6 at five years old tree. Xylem sap can be had at more than 10 years old tree with good growth more than 10 cm stem diameter.r.