• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.230-241
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• 2023

Background: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of chronic pain and its contributing factors among teenagers aged 12-21 years in Shiraz, Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on adolescents aged 12-21 years. Demographic variables of the adolescents and their parents as well as the pain characteristics were assessed. Descriptive statistics, multinomial logistic regression, and regression models were used to describe the characteristics of the pain and its predictive factors. Results: The prevalence of chronic pain was 23.7%. The results revealed no significant difference between the male and female participants regarding the pain characteristics, except for the home medications used for pain relief. The results of a chi-square test showed that the mother's pain, education, and occupation, and the father's education were associated significantly with chronic pain in adolescents (P < 0.05). Multinomial logistic regression also showed the mother's history of pain played a significant role in the incidence of adolescents' chronic pain. Conclusions: The prevalence of chronic pain was relatively high in these adolescents. The results also provided basic and essential information about the contributing factors in this area. However, consideration of factors such as anxiety, depression, school problems, sleep, and physical activity are suggested in future longitudinal studies.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.336-349
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• 2017

Purpose: The purposes of this study were to describe changes in weight, waist circumference (WC), and prevalence of obesity over 8 years as well as investigate demographic and dietary factors associated with weight gain in Korean adults. Methods: The Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study is an ongoing community-based longitudinal study, which was started in 2001~2002 and repeated every 2 years. Height, weight, and WC were measured, and demographic data and food intake information using the food frequency questionnaire were collected from 10,038 adults aged 40~69 years at baseline. Among those individuals, 3,506 healthy individuals without chronic diseases completed the 4th follow-up survey in 2009~2010. Results: Mean weight decreased by 0.35 kg and 0.65 kg in men and women, respectively, whereas mean WC increased by 1.71 cm and 1.85 cm during the 8-year period. Prevalence of obesity based on body mass index (BMI) decreased from 34.5% to 33.5% in men and from 38.0% to 36.7% in women, whereas abdominal obesity increased from 14.8% to 22.2% in men and from 28.8% to 35.4% in women. Weight change was associated with age and smoking status in men, and residence area, age, education, income, and alcohol drinking in women. Approximately 57.5% maintained their BMI over 8 years (<${\pm}1kg/m^2$, stable weight group), 19.5% showed a BMI increase of ${\geq}1kg/m^2$ (weight gain group), and 23.0% showed a BMI decrease of more than $1kg/m^2$ (weight loss group). There was no significant difference in energy intake calculated as the percentage of estimated energy requirements among the three weight change groups. Intakes of coffee mix and milk were significantly higher in the weight gain group than in the weight loss group in men after controlling for confounding factors. Conclusion: Our results show that higher consumption of coffee mix and milk was associated with weight gain in Korean healthy men.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.757-769
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• 2016

The purpose of this study on effect of preparation for aging on satisfaction of life by difference according to comparison of gender on the analysis. The 3th years additional research and 4th years of Korean Panel of retirement and longitudinal study was used. The sample size of this study was 2,970 for middle aged using based on over 50 years than 64 years. The explanation of the research results are as follows: First, the difference in preparation according to comparison of gender that a statistically significant difference in both men and women. Secondly, the difference in life satisfaction according to gender for both men and women showed that a statistically significant difference. Thirdly, the preparation was confirmed that the results for both men and women is significantly difference comparison of gender differences with respect to the effects preparation for aging on satisfaction of life. As a result, the based on gender through a comparison of the effects preparation for aging on satisfaction of life in accordance with middle-aged ready to raise the preparation and satisfaction of life.

• Research in Mathematical Education
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.189-199
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• 2022

A debate about the importance of geometry courses has existed for years. The questions have revolved around its significance to students and teachers alike. This study looks to determine whether a teacher taking a college-level geometry course has a positive relationship with their students' algebraic reasoning skills. Using data from the High School Longitudinal Study 2009 (HSLS09: Ingels et al., 2011, 2014), it was determined that 9th-grade teachers who took a college-level geometry course had a significant positive association with their students' 11th-grade algebraic reasoning scores. This study suggests that teachers who take geometry during college have a lasting effect on their students. The implications of these findings and how they may affect higher education are discussed.

• Anatomy and Cell Biology
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.251-259
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• 2018

The aim of this study is to examine the correlation between tooth wear and age by quantitatively measuring maxillary first molar wear in children. A total of 150 maxillary dental models were analyzed in 30 subjects (male, 11; female, 19) with an age range of 6-14 years. Maxillary first molar wear were assessed based on area, volume and the shortest distance from the buccal occlusal plane to the central pit point (BCPH). The area and volume of the tooth cusps were measured at four different offset-plane heights (0.2, 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8 mm). Relationship between age and the amount of wear or BCPH were statistically analyzed. Correlation and regression analyses were also performed, and age estimation was obtained with linear regression analysis. Repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed significant differences between age and the amount of wear based on area, volume, and offset-plane height. Except age of 8 and 10, 12 and 14's 0.2-mm offset-plane-measured volume, all area and volume measurement of all ages and offset-plane height showed a significant amount of increase. Wear speeds were calculated using the BCPH. Among age and measurement variables, the correlation coefficient was strongest when the volume was measured from the 0.4-mm offset-plane. As age increases, the amount of wear, as quantified by area and volume measurements, also increases. According to this study, a regression equation that can be used for age estimation is follows: Age $(y)=0.16{\times}0.4V+0.85$ ($R^2=0.490$) using volume.

• Korean Journal of Child Education & Care
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.77-102
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• 2018

The objectives of this study were to analyze the longitudinal mediation effects of maternal parenting stress and psychosocial development of infant on the influence of paternal involvement during infancy to children's peer interactions. For these objectives, latent growth modeling was used and adapted to the data taken from the Panel Study on Korean Children(PSKC), Wave I (0-year olds) to Wave III (2-year olds) and Wave V(4-year olds) to Wave VII(6-year olds). During a total of six years, 1,018 parent responded. The major results of this study were as follows. First, maternal parenting stress(initial status) had a significant mediating effect on the influence of paternal involvement(initial status) to children's play interaction(initial status). Second, maternal parenting stress(initial status/change rate) had a longitudinal mediating eff ect on the influence of paternal involvements(initial status/change rate) to children's play disruption-disconnection interactions(initial status/change rate). Third, psychosocial development of infants(initial status/change rate) had a longitudinal mediating effect on the influence of paternal involvement(initial status/change rate) to children's play interactions(initial status/change rate). Fourth, psychosocial development of infant(initial status) had a significant mediating effect on the influence of paternal involvement(initial status) to children's play disruption-disconnection interactions(initial status). The implications of the findings of the current study and suggestions for future research were also discussed.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.22 no.3 s.38
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• pp.491-507
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• 1992

Biennial serial cephalometric radiographs of 47 children (26 boys, 21 girls) were used to analyze the craniofacial growth changes in Korean children from 8 years to 16 years of age. A craniofacial model was designed for this study. It consisted of 72 anatomical points and 98 derived points. The craniofacial changes of these samples during these ages might be summarized as follows: 1. Mandibular growth to cranial base was more forward than maxillary growth. 2. Mandibular growth during this period was found to be a forward-upward (bite closing) rotation of the mandible. 3. Growth changes in total mandibular length (Ar-Gn) showed a pubertal growth spurt at 12-14 years of age in boys and 10-12 years of age in girls. Synchrony of the growth spurts on total mandibular length (Ar-Gn) and standing body height was found. 4. The pubertal spurts occured in the growth of total cranial base (Ba-Na) at 10-12 years of age in boys and 8-10 years of age in girls. The time of the spurts of the cranial base growth was 2 years ahead of that of the total mandibular growth. 5. Synchrony of growth spurts in anterior facial height (Na-Me), posterior facial height (S-Go) and body height was found. 6. The whole craniofacial changes during this period were plotted by using a X-Y plotter and personal computer. A simple profilogram for an diagnostic tool was obtained.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.7
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• pp.3007-3015
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• 2012

This study gave an insight into senior life plans and life satisfaction of the middle aged employee over 45 and under 60 years of age, listed in the KLIPS data for 2001 (4th year) and 2008 (11th year), so as to grasp levels of senior life plans of the middle aged employee as well as the longitudinal and short term effects of senior life plans on life satisfaction. The study findings showed as follow: First, For the period of years, the middle aged employees' health got worse and jobs got instable. Second, economic and physical senior life plans of the middle aged employee turned out below an average of three points which means preparations made below the normal level, whereas senior life plans in terms of relation and leisure and social activities came out with more than an average of three points, respectively, which means preparations made above the normal level. Third, as a result of looking into longitudinal effects of the 2001 senior life plans on life satisfaction, the level of senior life plans for leisure and social activities got higher, life satisfaction stayed higher in the year of 2001. In 2008, however, the higher level of economic plans for senior life came out with a higher rate of life satisfaction. From a short-term perspective, therefore, leisure and social activities to enjoy life impose a great impact on life satisfaction, whereas from a long-term viewpoint economic plans for senior life is regarded to be of greater importance.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.59 no.4
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• pp.190-195
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• 2016

Purpose: Severe aplastic anemia (SAA), a fatal disease, requires multiple transfusion, immunosuppressive therapy, and finally, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) as the definitive treatment. We hypothesized that iron overloading associated with multiple transfusions and HSCT-related complications may adversely affect cardiac function. Left ventricular (LV) function was assessed in children after HSCT for SAA. Methods: Forty-six consecutive patients with a median age of 9.8 years (range, 1.5-18 years), who received HSCT for SAA and who underwent comprehensive echocardiography before and after HSCT, were included in this study. The data of LV functional parameters obtained using conventional echocardiography, tissue Doppler imaging (TDI), and speckle-tracking echocardiography (STE) were collected from pre- and post-HSCT echocardiography. These data were compared to those of 40 age-matched normal controls. Results: In patients, the LV ejection fraction, shortening fraction, end-diastolic dimension, mitral early diastolic E velocity, TDI mitral septal E' velocity, and STE LV longitudinal systolic strain rate (SSR) decreased significantly after HSCT. Compared to normal controls, patients had significantly lower post-HSCT early diastolic E velocity and E/A ratio. On STE, patients had significantly decreased LV deformational parameters including LV longitudinal systolic strain (SS), SSR, and diastolic SR (DSR), and circumferential SS and DSR. Serum ferritin levels showed weak but significant correlations (P<0.05) with LV longitudinal SS and SSR and circumferential SS and DSR. Conclusion: Subclinical LV dysfunction is evident in patients after HSCT for SAA, and was associated with increased iron load. Serial monitoring of cardiac function is mandatory in this population.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.59-89
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• 2017

Changes in the public welfare attitudes are very important to the welfare politics and policy. Considering that variability of public welfare attitudes has been ignored in previous studies, we analyzed welfare attitudes changes at individual level in Korea. Using the longitudinal data from the Additional Survey of 2010/2013/2016 Korea Welfare Panel Survey, we analyzed the changes in public welfare attitudes during 2010th-2016th years. Major findings are as follows. First, one of the findings from analysis is that the public welfare attitudes are very active and dynamic in Korea. This finding is contradiction to the results of the previous researches that are point to the stability or inertia of the public welfare attitudes in western welfare states and also in Korea. Second, occurrences of the welfare attitudes change are related with various individual characteristics; income status, occupation status, age, region, sex, political ideology, etc. These results from this study on the welfare attitudes change suggest that dynamics of the Korea welfare politics in recent years reflected the dynamic changes in public welfare attitudes. And, they suggest that Korea welfare politics are transformed from the traditional classes welfare politics to the new welfare politics which are influenced by various interests of the socio-demographic groups.