• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.123-135
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• 2001

Several growth factors and polypeptides were studied for the regeneration of periodontal supporting tissues which had been lost due to periodontal disease. But these are not commonly used for regenerators of bone tissue or alveolar bone, because of the insufficiency of studies on their side effects, genetic engineering for mass production and stability for clinical application. Recently, many natural products, which have advantage of less side effects and possibility of long-term use, have been studied for their capacity and effects of anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory and regenerative potential or periodontal tissues. Cnidii Rhizoma, Rhinocerotis Cornu and Drynariae Rhizoma have been traditionally used as a drug for treatment of bone disease in oriental medicine. The purpose of this study was to examine the ability of alkaline phosphatase synthesis of MC3T3-E1 cells when above medicines were supplimented. MC3T3-E1 cells were cultured with ${\alpha}-MEM(negative control)$, dexamethasone(positive control), and each natural products for 3 and 5 days. And then ALP synthesis was measured by spectrophotometer for enzyme activity and by naphthol AS-BI staining for morphometry. Except Cnidii Rhizoma, all of the natural products of this study induced higher activity of ALP synthesis than controls. Among them Drynariae Rhizoma induced the highest activity. In the aspects of culturing time, all medicines did not showed the difference between 3 and 5 days, but $10^{-7}g/ml$ group of Rhinocerotis Corun showed significant increase at 3 days than at 5 days. These results indicate that several natural products have a inducing ability of ALP synthesis on osteoblasts.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.751-765
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• 1999

Several growth factors and polypeptidesare not commonly yet used for regenerators of bone tissue or alveolar bone because of the insufficiency of studies on their side effects, genetic engineering for mass production and stability for clinical application. Recently, many natural medicines, which have advantage of less side effects and possibility of long-term use, have been studied for their capacity and effects of anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory and regenerative potential of periodontal tissues. Olibanum, Myrrha, Phlomis Radix, and Cimicifugae Rhizoma have been traditionally used as a drug for treatment of bone disease in oriental medicine. The objective of this study was to examine the ability of alkaline phosphatase(ALP) synthesis of rat calvarial osteoblast(MC3T3-E1) when several natural medicines were supplemented. MC3T3-E1 cells were cultured with ${\alpha}$-MEM(negative control), dexamethasone(positive control), and each natural medicines for 3 and 5 days. And then ALP synthesis was measured by spectrophotometer for enzyme activity and by naphthol AS-BI staining for morphometry. All of the natural medicines induced higher activity of ALP synthesis than the negative controls. Especially Olibanumind uced the higher activity than the positive controls (p<0.05). In the aspects of culturing time, except Cimicifugae Rhizoma, the natural medicines induced higher activity of ALP synthesis at 5 days than at 3 days (p<0.05). In morphometry, all of the natural medicines showed statistical significance compared to the negative control (p<0.05). Myrrha a n d Phlomis Radix showed larger positively stained area at 5days than at 3 days, whereas the others did not showed the difference between at 5 and at 3 days(p<0.05). These results indicate that several natural medicines have an inducing ability of ALP synthesis in MC3T3-E1 cells.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.96-105
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• 2020

Sirtuin inhibitors are pharmaceutically and therapeutically valuable compounds that inhibit sirtuin, a type III histone deacetylase. Synthetic sirtuin inhibitors were discovered and characterized using cell-based screens in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and have been used in the study of aging, carcinogenesis, and diabetes, all of which are related to sirtuin function. For medical applications, synthetic inhibitors have been further developed for increased potency and specificity, including compounds containing nicotinamide, thioacetyl lysine, β-naphthol, and indole derivatives. Suramin, tenovin, and their analogues were developed as a result. Sirtuin inhibitors were found to affect organic development and have been used to genetically modify plants, although a sirtinol-resistant mutation in the biosynthesis of a molybdopterin cofactor for an aldehyde oxidase has been identified. Some natural flavonoids, and catechin and quercetin derivatives also act as sirtuin inhibitors have been studied to identify a more potent inhibitor for therapeutic purposes. In this review, sirtuin is introduced and the therapeutic inhibitors that have been developed are presented, particularly sirtinol which has been used for genetic modification in plants though it was not designed to be so. Sirtuin inhibitors with greater potency and selectivity are required and those developed in pharmaceutics should be used in plant research to identify more authentic sirtuins in plants.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.34 no.7
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• pp.929-936
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to examine the ability of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) synthesis of MC3T3-E1 cells when above edible sources, Solidago virga-aurea var. gigantea Miq. root (SVR) extracts, were supplimented. MC3T3-E1 cells were cultured with $\alpha-MEM$(vehicle control), dexamethasone and genestein (positive control), and SVR extracts for 27 days. The effects of SVR MeOH extracts and its fractions on cell proliferation were measured by MTT assay. At 10, 100${\mu}g/mL$ of SVR methanol extract treated, that were elevated of cell proliferation to 140 and $120\%$ via vehicle control, respectively. And then ALP synthesis was measured by spectrophotometer for enzyme activity and by naphthol AS-BI staining for morphometry at 3, 9, 18, and 27th day. As the results, every extracts and fractions were promoted ALP activity by time course at 1, 10, 100${\mu}g/mL$, except n-hexane and chloroform fractions. Remarkably, the MeOH extracts were increased ALP activity more than 4.4 times compared with vehicle control, 2.2 times via positive control at 27th day (p<0.05). The SVR MeOH extracts treated cells, especially at a concentration of 10${\mu}g/mL$, showed remarkably higher than vehicle-treated control cells of mineralization which were checked by Alizarin red staining. These results indicate that SVR methanol extract have an induction ability of proliferation and differentiation on osteoblast.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.111-121
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• 1988

This study was attempted to investigate the regional distribution and shapes of pancreatic endocrifle cells in the hedgehog, Erinaceus koneanus by the immunocytochemical PAP methods (Nalane, 1968; Stemberger, 1979). The tissue specimen taken from the splenic and duodenal regions of pancreas(proximai, middle and distal portions, respectively) were fixed with Bouin solution and the sections(5$\mu$ m) were followed by simple and double staining with 2 substrates, DAB and 4-CI-1-naphthol. The results were as following: Glucagon(A) cells, 13 $\mu$ m x 9.5 $\mu$ m in size, were found in the islets periphery and among the exocrine parenchyma. A cells were abundant in all the portions of splenic region and distal portion of duodenal region in contrast to a few in the proximal and middle portion of duodenal region. The shapes of the A cells were round, oval and pyramidal types. Insulin(B) cells, 11.6$\mu$m x 9.4$\mu$m in sise, were round or oval in shape and located throughout the islets. B cells were the most numerous cell types in all portions of splenic region and distal protion of duodenal region as compared with the other portions. Somatostatin(D) cells, 12.6$\mu$m x 9.1 $\mu$m in size, were round or oval in shape and found in the islets periphery and scattered in the exocrine parenchyma. These cells were rare in all the portions of splenic and duodenal region. Pancreatic polypeptide(PP) cells of various type, 12.8$\mu$ m x 8.5 $\mu$ m in size, were found in the islets periphery and among the exocrine parenchyma. PP cells were numerous in the proximal and middle portion of duodenal region, but rarely scattered in the other portions.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.28 no.11
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• pp.1347-1353
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• 2018

The fermentation of non-digestible soy meal can convert polysaccharides into many compounds that have a wide variety of biological functions. Bacillus strains are capable of hydrolyzing non-digestible saccharides, such as melibiose, raffinose, and stachyose, found in soy meal components. A highly active ${\alpha}$-galactosidase (${\alpha}$-d-galactoside galactohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.22) was isolated from a bacterium in a traditional Korean fermented medicinal herb preparation. The isolate, T2-16, was identified as Bacillus coagulans based on its 16S rRNA sequence and biochemical properties, and the strain was named Bacillus coagulans NRR-1207. When incubated in 10%(w/v) skim milk, Bacillus coagulans NRR1207 caused a decrease in the pH of the culture medium, as well as an increase in titratable acidity and viable cell counts. This strain also showed higher activities of ${\alpha}$-galactosidase, ${\beta}$-galactosidase, ${\alpha}$-glucosidase, naphthol-AS-BO-phosphohydrolase, and acid phosphatase when compared to other enzymes. It hydrolyzed oligomeric substrates, such as raffinose and stachyose, and liberated galactose, indicating that the Bacillus coagulans NRR1207 ${\alpha}$-galactosidase hydrolyzed the ${\alpha}$-1,6 glycoside linkage. These results suggest that the decreased stachyose and raffinose contents observed in fermented soy meal are due to this ${\alpha}$-galactosidase activity. Bacillus coagulans NRR1207 therefore has potential probiotic activity and could be utilized in feed manufacturing, as well as for hydrolyzing non-digestible soy meal components.