• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.479-486
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• 2012

The production of adventitious roots derived from root explant of Echinacea angustifolia and its secondary metabolite content were assessed in different types and levels of auxin. The induction of adventitious roots from root explant cultured in Murashige and Skoog solid medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/L indole -3-butyric acid (IBA) attained highest as 20.87 mg fresh weight and 3.07 mg dry weight per culture but root suspension culture at the same concentration of IBA enhanced biomass production as 3.07 g fresh weight and 0.38 g per culture after 4 weeks in culture. 3.0 mg/L ${\alpha}$-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) treatment had similar effect on root biomass production as 3.07 g fresh weight and 0.38 g per culture with liquid suspension culture, whereas adventitious roots exposed to over 3.0-5.0 mg/L IBA or 5.0 mg/L NAA were less responsive by reducing the number of adventitious roots and/or changing root morphology such as short and thick. The content of secondary metabolites such as phenolic, flavonoids and total caffeic acid in adventitious roots cultured on MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/L IBA were attained highest as 27.20, 9.60. 10.67 mg/g dry weight, respectively. Overall, the best production of root biomass and secondary metabolites were given by 1.0 mg/L IBA.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.155-160
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• 2005

Haloxylon recurvum (Locally known as Khar) is drought and salt tolerant plant of Thar Desert. This plant is a major biomass producer and has economic and ecological importance for the region. There is need for study on biology, propagation and genetic improvement for utilization of this plant for reclamation of saline soils. We report here on in vitro propagation of Haloxylon recurvum (Moq.) using nodal explant. Secretion of phenolic compound from explants was a major constraint for establishment of culture. This was checked by thorough washing and quick transfer of explant on fresh culture medium. Juvenile nodal explant with leaves was found suitable for culture establishment. Benzy-ladenine($4.0\;{\mu}M$) incorporated in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with additives (50 mg/L ascorbic acid and 25 mg/L each of adenine sulphate, arginine and citric acid) induced multiple shoots from nodal explant. Addition of $1.0\;{\mu}M$ naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) in combination with $4.0\;{\mu}M$ BAP improved the growth of axillary shoots. Further shoot amplification was achieved by repeated subculture of mother explants on fresh medium. Forty percent of the micropropagated shoots rooted on half-strength MS medium with $4.0\;{\mu}M$ indolebutyric acid (IBA) and 100 mg/L activated charcoal, at $28{\pm}2^{\circ}C$ and $60\%$ RH. Sixty percent of these plantlets were hardened in green house.

• Plant Biotechnology Reports
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.321-328
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• 2010

An efficient protocol for in vitro organogenesis was achieved from callus-derived immature and mature leaf explants of Momordica charantia, a very important vegetable and medicinal plant. Calluses were induced from immature leaf explants excised from in vitro (15-day-old seedlings) mature leaf explants of vivo plants (45 days old). The explants were grown on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with Gamborg (B5) vitamins containing 30 g $1^{-1}$ sucrose, 2.2 g $1^{-1}$ Gelrite, and 7.7 lM naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) with 2.2 ${\mu}M$ thidiazuron (TDZ). Regeneration of adventitious shoots from callus (30-40 shoots per explant) was achieved on MS medium containing 5.5 ${\mu}M$ TDZ, 2.2 ${\mu}M$ NAA, and 3.3 ${\mu}M$ silver nitrate ($AgNO_3$). The shoots (1.0 cm length) were excised from callus and elongated in MS medium fortified with 3.5 ${\mu}M$ gibberellic acid ($GA_3$). The elongated shoots were rooted in MS medium supplemented with 4.0 ${\mu}M$ indole 3-butyric acid (IBA). Rooted plants were acclimatized in the greenhouse and subsequently established in soil with a survival rate of 90%. This protocol yielded an average of 40 plants per leaf explant with a culture period of 98 days.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.74-83
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• 1983

낙과(落果)를 유기할 수 있는 약제(藥劑)인 NAA, MEP제(劑), carbaryl 및 ethephon을 배 장십랑(長十郞)과 금촌추(今村秋)에 처리(處理)하여 낙과(落果)와 ethylene과의 관련성을 조사(調査)하는 한편 낙과량(落果量)을 조절하기 위한 방법으로 calcium acetate를 가용(加用)한 ethephon과 carbaryl를 처리(處理)하였을 때의 낙과(落果)에 미치는 영향(影響)을 조사(調査)하기 위(爲)하여 본(本) 실험(實驗)을 실시(實施)하였다. 1. 장십랑(長十郞)의 경우는 MEP제(劑), NAA, carbaryl, ethephon 모두 적과효과(摘果效果)가 있었으나 금촌추(今村秋)의 경우는 MEP와 carbaryl만 적과효과(摘果效果)가 인정(認定)되었다. 2. ethylene 발생량(發生量)은 ethephon 처리구(處理區)만이 촉진(促進)되었고 MEP제(劑), NAA, carbaryl는 영향(影響)을 미치지 않았다. 3. 과실내(果實內)의 당함량(糖含量)에는 MEP제(劑), NAA, carbaryl, ethephon 모두 영향(影響)을 미치지 않았다. 4. calcium acetate를 가용(加用)하므로서 ethephon이나 carbaryl에 의(依)한 적과효과(摘果效果)가 소실(消失)되었다. 5. ethephon에 가용(加用)한 calcium acetate의 농도(濃度)에 따라 낙엽율(落葉率)을 조절(調節)할 수 있었다. 이상(以上)의 결과(結果)로 보아 공시(供試)한 약제(藥劑)들이 낙과(落果)를 일으키는 것은 ethephon을 제외하고는 ethylene이 직접적(直接的)인 낙과원인(落果原因)이 아니라는 것을 알 수 있었고, 한편 calcium acetate를 적량가용(適量加用)하므로서 적과정도(摘果程度)의 조절(調節)이 가능(可能)하다는 것이 밝혀졌다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.368-376
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• 2013

Helicobacter pylori 억제효과가 우수한 청목노상의 캘러스 배양을 위한 최적조건은 MS 고체배지에서 $27^{\circ}C$에서 20일간 배양하였을 때 6.4 mm의 크기로 가장 크게 자랐으며, 청목노상의 callus 형성에 미치는 생장조절제로는 NAA, 2,4-D, BA 및 kinetin 등을 2 mg/l의 농도로 첨가하여 $27^{\circ}C$에서 20일간 배양했을 때 높은 캘러스 성장률을 확인 할 수 있었고, 생장조절제의 혼합처리구가 단독처리구 보다 캘러스 형성율이 높은 것을 확인 할 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구에 사용된 청목노상 품종의 평판기내 배양을 위한 direct callogenesis의 최적 조건은 생장호르몬으로 2,4-D/NAA를 2 mg/l의 농도로 혼합 처리하여 $27^{\circ}C$에서 20일간 배양이 최적조건이었다. 청목노상 callus로부터 Helicobacter pylori 억제물질의 대량생산을 위한 방법인 biomass를 위한 bioreactor배양은 MS 액체배지에 호르몬으로 2,4-D와 BA를 각각 1 mg/l의 농도로 처리하여 20일간 배양하였을 때가 최적조건이었다. 최적조건에서 배양한 callus 추출물의 Helicobacter pylori 에 대한 억제효과는 16 mm의 clear zone으로 가장 높은 저해율을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Plant Biotechnology Reports
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.109-116
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• 2010

Morinda citrifolia adventitious roots were cultured in shake flasks using Murashige and Skoog medium with different types and concentrations of auxin and cytokinin. Root (fresh weight and dry weight) accumulation was enhanced at 5 $mg\;l^{-1}$ indole butyric acid (IBA) and at 7 and 9 $mg\;l^{-1}$ naphthalene acetic acid (NAA). On the other hand, 9 $mg\;l^{-1}$ NAA decreased the anthraquinone, phenolic and flavonoid contents more severely than 9 $mg\;l^{-1}$ IBA. When adventitious roots were treated with kinetin (0.1, 0.3 and 0.5 $mg\;l^{-1}$) and thidiazuron (TDZ; 0.1, 0.3 and 0.5 $mg\;l^{-1}$) in combination with 5 $mg\;l^{-1}$ IBA, fresh weight and dry weight decreased but secondary metabolite content increased. The secondary metabolite content (including 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl activity) increased more in TDZ-treated than in kinetin-treated roots. Antioxidative enzymes such as catalase (CAT) and guaiacol peroxidase (G-POD), which play important roles in plant defense, also increased. A strong decrease in ascorbate peroxidase activity resulted in a high accumulation of hydrogen peroxide. This indicates that adventitious roots can grow under stress conditions with induced CAT and G-POD activities and higher accumulations of secondary metabolites. These results suggest that 5 $mg\;l^{-1}$ IBA supplementation is useful for growth and secondary metabolite production in adventitious roots of M. citrifolia.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.59-64
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• 2009

The callus formation from inferior leaf of Aloe saponaria was induced in M & S medium supplemented with 10-30 ${\mu}M$ NAA (${\alpha}$-naphthalene acetic acid) and 3-7 ${\mu}M$ kinetin under incubation in the dark at $25^{\circ}C$ for 6 weeks. The hot water extract ($100^{\circ}C$, 24 hrs) from cultured callus was obtained and the components analysis for the extract were examined to determine the callus can synthesized the bioactive component such as Aloe polysaccharide. The freeze dried extract contained the sugar of 53.2%, protein of 7.3%, ash of 18.5% and water of 21% (w/w). Two fractions (Fr-I and Fr-II) were obtained by Sepharose CL-4B gel permeation chromatography and Fr-I, major fraction was further purified with dialysis. From sugar analysis by TLC and GC, the purified Fr-I fraction consisted of glucose (77.6%), galactose (17.7%), mannose (4.7%, w/w) and uronic acid (trace). The molecular weight of purified Fr-I fraction determined by GPC was about 110 kDa.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.65-76
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• 1980

1979년(年)에 수확(收穫)한 묵은 마늘과 1980년(年)에 수확(收穫)한 햇 마늘의 분화엽(分化葉)의 엽신(葉身), 생장점(生長點)이 부착된 기부(基部)의 배양(培養)으로 부터 기관(器管)의 분화(分化)에 BA와 auxin이 미치는 영향(影響)을 검토하기 위하여 본(本) 실험(實驗)을 수행(修行)하였으며 아울러 callus를 계대배양하여 BA와 NAA의 효과(效果)를 검토하였다. 또한 햇마늘의 경우 10, 20, 30, 40일간(日間) 저온처리(低溫處理) 후(後) 엽신(葉身) 조직배양(組織培養)에서 BA와 NAA의 효과(效果)를 조사(調査)하였다. 1. 묵은 마늘의 엽신(葉身)의 배양(培養)에서 NAA 단독처리(單獨處理)에서 유식물(幼植物)의 분화(分化)는 없었고 2mg/l구(區)와 4mg/l구(區)에서 뿌리의 발생(發生)이 보였으며 유식물(幼植物)의 분화(分化)는 BA와 NAA의 복합처리(複合處理)에 의해서 이루어 졌으며 BA 2mg/l, NAA 2mg/l구(區)의 효과(效果)가 좋았다. 2. 묵은 마늘의 엽신배양(葉身培養)에서 NAA의 대신(代身) 2, 4-D를 첨가(添加)했을 때 기관(器官)의 분화(分化)는 없었고 callus의 분화(分化)가 좋았으며 이 때 callus의 상태(狀態)는 NAA의 처리구(處理區)의 callus에 비해 구상체(球狀體)를 이루고 있다. 3. 2, 4-D처리(處理)에 의해 얻어진 callus의 계대배양에서 BA와 NAA의 복합(複合處理區)에서 대체로 유식물체(幼植物體)나 뿌리의 발생이 일어났으며 특히 BA 2mg/l에 NAA 0.5 mg/l구(區)와 1mg/l 구(區)에서 효과(效果)가 좋았다. 그러나 NAA 8mg/l구(區)나 무처리구(無處理區)에서는 유식물(幼植物)의 발생(發生)이 없었다. 4. 햇 마늘의 엽조직(葉組織)의 배양(培養)에서는 묵은 마늘에서와는 마르게 무처리구(無處理區)에서 유식물(幼植物)의 발생(發生)이 많았으며 BA 2mg/l과 NAA의 혼합처리(混台處理)에서도 NAA 1mg/l구(區)에서의 유식물(幼植物)의 분화(分化)가 좋았으나, 뿌리의 발생(發生)에는 NAA 4mg/l구(區)에서 좋았다. 5. 햇 마늘 기부배양에서는 NAA의 단독처리(單獨處理)에서 2mg/l구(區)에서 발근(發根)이 있었으나 유식물체(幼植物體)의 분화(分化)는 없었고 혼합처리(混合處理)의 경우는 BA의 농도가 낮을 때는 NAA의 농도가 다소 높은 구(區)에서, BA의 농도(濃度)가 다소 높은 경우는 NAA의 농도가 낮을 때 유식물체(幼植物體)의 분화(分化)가 좋았다. 6. 저온처리(低溫處理) 후(後)의 배양에서 30일(日), 40일간(日間)의 장기간 저온처리(低溫處理)는 오히려 유식물체(幼植物體)의 분화(分化)가 저조했고 무저온처리구(無低溫處理區), 10일(日), 20일(日) 처리구(處理區) 중(中) BA 2mg/l구(區)와 NAA 0.5mg/l구(區)에서 유식물(幼植物)의 분화(分化)가 나다났다.

• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원식물학회 2022년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.62-62
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• 2022

Freesia has been an important worldwide cut flower because of its fragrance, long vase life and the wide color range of the flower. The conventional propagation methods by seeds and corms have many disadvantages such as shorter inflorescences with fewer numbers of florets, a reduction in cut flower quality and the accumulation of plant viruses in corms by successive cultivation. Therefore, the conventional propagation systems in Freesia needs to be replaced with tissue cultures to overcome the disadvantages. This study explored an efficient multiplication protocol using the combination of plant growth regulators (PGRs) for developed cultivar 'Sunny Gold'. The combination between 6-benzylaminopurin (BA) and α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) did not produce new shoots but developed enlarged roots. BA only treatments and the combination between BA and kinetin treatments were effective on shoot multiplication. The highest average number of shoots was 5.3 in the presence of 3 mg/L BA and 0.5 mg/L kinetin. To produce corms and cormlets, proliferated shoots were subcultured on 1/2 Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 90 g/L sucrose, 1 g/L charcoal and 7 g/L plant agar and placed at 4℃ in the dark for 6 months. The small size of corms and comlets were produced. The average number of regenerated comlets was 2.75 per shoot. The results showed that shoot multiplication is more efficient than cormlet regeneration for in vitro freesia proliferation.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.228-235
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• 2010

The establishment of cell suspension culture and plant regeneration of the halophytic Leymus chinensis (Trin.) are described in this study for the first time. Callus induction solid medium containing Murashige and Shoog (MS) basic salt, $2.0\;mg\;l^{-1}$ 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), and $5.0\;mg\;l^{-1}$ L-glutamic acid with $30.0\;g\;l^{-1}$ sucrose and $4.0\;g\;l^{-1}$ gelrite for solidification induced the highest rate of cell division in Type 1 callus among calli of various types. Liquid medium with the same hormone distribution was therefore, used for cell suspension culture from Type 1 callus. Over a 30 d suspension culture at 100 rpm, great amounts of biomass were accumulated, with 71.07% average daily increment and 22.32-fold total fresh weight increment. Comparison of before and after suspension culture, the distribution of different size callus pieces and the maintenance of callus type were basically unaltered, but a slight increase in relative water contents was observed. To induce the potential of plant regeneration, the directly transferring on plant regeneration solid medium containing MS basic salt, $0.2\;mg\;l^{-1}$ $\alpha$-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), $2.0\;mg\;l^{-1}$ kinetin (Kn), and $2.0\;g\;l^{-1}$ casamino acid and indirectly transferring were simultaneously performed. Even now growth rates of suspension-derived callus on solid medium were approximately half of those of Type 1 callus, but faster somatic embryogenesis was observed. Rooting of all regenerated shoots was successfully performed on half-strength MS medium. All plants appeared phenotypically normal.