• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.203-210
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• 1997

동자개 난모세포의 성숙과 배란에 있어 스테로이드와 HCG(human chorionic gonadotropin)의 효과에 대한 실험이 in vitro에서 이루어졌으며, 난모세포들은 $17\alpha,\;20\alpha-dihydroxy4-pregnen-3-one\;(17\alpha\;20\alpha\;OHP),\;17\alpha-hydroxyprogesterone\;(17\alpha\;OHP),\;progesterone\;(P_4),\;estradiol-17{\alpha}E_2)$ 과 HCG가 첨가된 Leibovitz L15 배지에서 성숙되어졌다. 60시간 배양후에 난모세포의 성숙능력은 난핵포붕괴(germinal vesicle breakdown, GVBD) 비율에 의해 평가되었다. GVBD 비율은 $17\alpha\;20\alpha\;OHP,\;17\alpha\;OHP,\;P_4$ 그리고 HCG의 첨가에 의해 유의하게 (P<0.05) 증가하였으며, 그 중 $17\alpha\;20\alpha\;OHP$ HCG에서 가장 높은 GVBD 비율을 보였다. 난모세포들 $17\alpha\;20\alpha\;OHP,\;17\alpha\;OHP,\;P_4$가 $10\~1,000ng/ml$포함된 배지에서 16시간 배양한 결과, $17\alpha\;20\alpha\;OHP\;10\~100ng/m1(65\%)$의 GVBD 비율은 $17\alpha\;20\alpha\;OHP(40\%)$와 $P_4(35\%)$에서 보다 나은 효과를 보였다. GVBD유도에 대한 효과는 $17\alpha\;20\alpha\;OHP$에서 $10\~100\;ng/ml$배지, HCG를 첨가하여 60시간 배양한 배란유도 실험에서 $17\alpha\;20\alpha\;OHP\;10\~100ng/ml$에서, HCG는 $50\~500IU/ml$의 배지에서 배란율이 유의하게 증가하였다. 그러나 $17\alpha\;20\alpha\;OHP\;1,000ng/m1$와 HCG 5IU/ml의 배지에서는 대조구의 배란율과 차이를 보이지 않았다. 이러한 결과로 $E_2$를 제외한 스테로이드와 HCG는 동자개의 난모세포 성숙과 배란을 in vitro에서 유도할 수 있으며, $17\alpha\;20\alpha\;OHP$와 HCG는 다른 스테로이드에 비해 높은 율의 난모세포 성숙과 배란을 유도하였다.

• 한국양식학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.119-124
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• 1998

농어의 난성숙과 배란유도를 위한 C하(21)-스테로이드와 HCG의 효능 비교실험이 in vitro에서 이루어졌다. 분리된 난모세포를 대상으로 17${\alpha}$-hydroxy, 20${\beta}$-dihydroprogesterone(17${\alpha}$20${\beta}$OHP), 17${\alpha}$-hydroxy, 20${\beta}$-dihydroprogesterone(17${\alpha}$20${\beta}$OHP : 5~100ng/ml)와 HCG(5~500IU/ml)를 사용하여 관찰한 난성숙 유도효과, 즉 GVM(germinal vesicle migration)과 GVBD(germinal vesicle breakdown)를 보면, 5ng/ml 농도의 17${\alpha}$20${\beta}$OHP와 17${\alpha}$20${\beta}$OHP를 제외한 모든 실험군에서의 반응은 대조군보다 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 특히 17${\alpha}$20${\beta}$OHP 50ng/ml 농도에서 가장 높은 성숙 유도효과를 보였다. GVBD 유도효과에 대한 17${\alpha}$20${\beta}$OHP(50ng/ml), HCG(50IU/ml) 그리고 이들 호르몬을 혼합처리한 17${\alpha}$20${\beta}$OHP+HCG에서는 혼합처리한 실험군이 가장 높은 반응을 보여 이들의 상호 보완적 작용을 관찰할 수 있었다. 난소조직을 대상으로 HCG와 17${\alpha}$20${\beta}$OHP를 사용하여 in vitro에서 농어의 배란유도효과를 관찰한 결과 사용한 모든 농도(17${\alpha}$20${\beta}$OHP : 1~1000ng/ml, HCG : 1~500IU/ml)에서 배란반응을 보였다. 특히 저농도 50ng/ml 또는 50IU/ml 이하로 처리하는 것이 더 효율적인 것으로 나타났다. 또한 HCG 처리가 17${\alpha}$20${\beta}$OHP보다 배란 반응에 더 민감하게 작용하는 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.323-331
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• 2007

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are well known for strong carcinogen. However, the human exposure analysis of PAHs is quite difficult and unreliable because of hard for estimation of actual expose dose. Then urinary 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP) has been a biological marker of exposure to PAHs. The purpose of this study was to investigate total amount from exposure to PAHs soused by indoor occupational exposure, and residence at Seoul metropolitan area and Kyeonggi province in Korea. Thirty-five housewives were included in this study from April 2003 through February 2004. Dietary habit and general characteristics such as age, type of building, existence of passive smoking, period of residence, fuel type for heating and ventilation type were obtained by self administered questionnaire. Urine samples were collected at morning and freeze quickly. Urinary creatinine was measured for converting into 24 hr urine. Concentration of the indoor PAHs was examined by NIOSH method number 5506. Urinary 1-OHP and PAHs were analysed by HPLC. Correlation coefficient between urinary 1-OHP levels and pyrene concentration of indoor air was 0.66 and statistically significant(P<0.01). The difference of urinary 1-OHP level due to dietary habits were not significant. Urinary 1-OHP level of Spring, Summer, Autumn, and Winter were $0.21{\pm}0.12,\;0.10{\pm}0.17,\;0.16{\pm}0.12,\;0.17{\pm}0.14{\mu}g/g$ cr, respectively. The arithmetic means of urinary 1-OHP for four season tee $0.16{\pm}0.14 {\mu}g/g$ cr. There was a trend that urinary 1-OHP level of residents who dwelling in apartment were higher compared with detached home, Comparison of 1-OHP level between heating by kerosene and LPG, Much higher gas heating type than kerosene type (P<0.05). This result implies that the urinary 1-OHP can be applied as the PAHs exposure indices.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.86-90
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• 2014

Background: Urinary 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP) was selected as a biomarker of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) to explore the accumulation level in the bodies of workers at rubber smoke sheet factories in southern Thailand. Methods: Spot urine samples were taken from four groups of workers from June 2006 to November 2007. The nonexposure or control groups included habitual cigarette smokers and nonsmokers. The other two groups were workers exposed to particle-bound PAHs from rubber wood smoke and they were nonsmokers. All spot urine samples were analyzed for 1-OHP and creatinine levels. Results: The mean${\pm}$standard deviation urinary 1-OHP in the control group of habitual smokers and the nonsmokers was $0.24{\pm}0.16{\mu}mol/mol$ creatinine and not-detected to $0.14{\mu}mol/mol$ creatinine, respectively. In the workers, the 1-OHP levels on workdays had no significant difference from the 1-OHP levels on the days off. The yearly average 1-OHP level was $0.76{\pm}0.41{\mu}mol/mol$ creatinine whereas the average 1-OHP level during 10 consecutive workdays was $1.06{\pm}0.29{\mu}mol/mol$ creatinine (p > 0.05). Conclusion: The urinary 1-OHP levels of workers exposed to PAHs were high. The accumulation of 1-OHP in the body was not clear although the workers had long working hours with few days off during their working experience. Therefore, a regular day off schedule and rotation shift work during high productive RSS should be set for RSS workers.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제51권6호
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• pp.616-621
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• 2008

목 적 : 미숙아에서는 선천 부신 과형성에 대한 선별검사의 위양성률이 높으나 이에 대한 추적관찰의 기준이 명확하지 않다. 이에 저자들은 소집단에서의 선별검사 결과를 통해 미숙아에서의 선천 부신 과형성에 대한 선별검사의 해석 방법 및 합리적인 추적관찰의 방법을 알아보고자 하였다. 방 법 : 2005년 1월부터 2007년 6월까지 서울대학교 병원 및 분당 서울대학교 병원에서 태어난 미숙아 중, 생후 7일 이내에 전혈에서의 17-OHP를 효소 면역측정법으로 검사한 427명을 대상으로 하였다. 이들에서 17-OHP 값과 재태 기간, 출생체중, 전신적 질환 및 출생 전에 투여 받은 덱사메타손과의 관계를 분석하였고, 17-OHP의 변화의 경향을 알아보았다. 결 과 : 대상 미숙아들의 17-OHP 선별검사의 값은 매우 다양하였다(범위 0.1-143.3 ng/mL). 17-OHP 선별검사 값은 재태 기간(r=-0.535, P<0.01), 출생체중(r=-0.435, P<0.01), 5분 Apgar 점수(r=-0.431, P<0.01)와 유의한 음의 상관관계가 있었다. 17-OHP 선별검사 값은 출생 후 신생아 호흡 곤란 증후군(P<0.05), 동맥관 개존증(P<0.01) 또는 기관지폐 형성 이상(P<0.01)이 있었던 군에서 유의하게 높았으며, 생후 1주 이내에 치료가 필요한 저혈압이 있었던 미숙아에서 유의하게 높았다(P<0.05). 17-OHP 선별검사 값은 선별검사 7일 이내에 산모가 덱사메타손 투여 받은 군에서 투여 받지 않은 군에 비해 유의하게 낮았다(P<0.05). 17-OHP 값이 안정범위까지 감소하는데 걸리는 시간의 정중값은 42일이었으며, 이 기간은 재태 기간과 유의한 음의 상관관계가 있었고(r=-0.541, P<0.01), 기관지폐 형성 이상이 있었던 경우에 유의하게 연장되었다(P<0.01) 전체 대상 중 추적 관찰 시 선천 부신 과형성으로 확진된 경우는 없었다. 결 론 : 미숙아에서의 17-OHP 선별검사 값은 그 편차가 매우 크며, 재태 기간이 어릴수록 높은 경향이 있고 출생 전 dexamenthasone 투여 및 출생 후 질환에 의해 영향을 받는다. 미숙아의 선별검사를 해석할 때에는 이를 고려해야 하며, 혈액 검사의 수치와 미숙아의 임상 양상을 종합하여 추적관찰의 방법을 결정해야 할 것으로 생각한다.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.416-420
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• 2018

Background: Urinary 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP) has been widely used as a biomarker of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in occupationally exposed workers. The objective of this study is to investigate the concentration of urinary 1-OHP among charcoal workers as subjects and non-charcoal workers as controls. Methods: Early morning urine samples were collected from 68 persons (25 charcoal workers in Igbo-Ora, 20 charcoal workers in Alabata, and 23 non-charcoal workers) who volunteered to participate in this study. 1-OHP determination in urine samples was carried out using high performance liquid chromatography after hydrolysis. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis at p < 0.05. Results: The mean urinary 1-OHP concentration (${\mu}mol/mol$ creatinine) among charcoal workers at Igbo-Ora and Alabata and non-charcoal workers were $2.22{\pm}1.27$, $1.32{\pm}0.65$, and $0.32{\pm}0.26$ (p < 0.01). There existed a relationship between respondent type and 1-OHP concentration. Charcoal workers were 3.14 times more at risk of having 1-OHP concentrations that exceed the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists guideline of $0.49{\mu}mol/mol$ creatinine than non-charcoal workers (relative risk = 3.14, 95% confidence interval: 1.7-5.8, p < 0.01). Conclusion: Charcoal workers are exposed to PAHs during charcoal production and are at risk of experiencing deleterious effects of PAH exposure. Routine air quality assessment should be carried out in communities where charcoal production takes place. Assessment of urinary 1-OHP concentration and use of personal protective equipment should also be encouraged among charcoal workers.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.144-152
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• 2007

Diesel vehicles are a significant source of fine carbon particle emissions including polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Urinary 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP) is firmly established as a useful biomarker of PAHs uptake in human. To investigate the exposure effect of PAHs in miners according to using diesel truck which was for transportation of ore, we measured urinary 1-OHP as the PAHs exposure biomarker, and analyzed the relationship between urinary 1-OHP concentration and using diesel truck. The study was performed on 118 workers (56 miners in factories using diesel truck, 62 miners in factories non-using diesel truck) and 21 controls. Urine samples were obtained at the end of shift on the survey day. There was no significance in comparison with the mean concentrations on urinary 1-OHP by age, BMI, work duration, smoking, drinking and ventilation type. But significant difference were found among urinary 1-OHP concentrations on factories according to using diesel truck (p=0.000). The urinary 1-OHP mean concentration on underground miners using diesel truck ($0.54{\mu}mol/mol$ creatinine) was higher than those of surface miners using diesel truck ($0.33{\mu}mol/mol$ creatinine, p=0.028), underground miners non-using diesel truck ($0.32{\mu}mol/mol$ creatinine, p=0.001) and controls ($0.22{\mu}mol/mol$ creatinine, p=0.000). In comparison with using status diesel truck, the urinary 1-OHP mean concentration of underground miners using diesel trucks was higher than those of other mine status. The study results would be beneficial to future environmental and biological studies of PAHs exposure to diesel exhaust in mines.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.549-553
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• 2011

본 연구는 선행연구에서 molecular imprinting 방법을 이용하여 개발한 1-OHP 인식 $TiO_2$-Bead가 실제 소변중의 1-OHP를 효율적으로 검출할 수 있는지 평가하기 위해서 시행되었다. 본 연구에서 개발한 분석 방법은 within-day 변이계수가 4.97%, between-day 변이계수가 4.43%로 나타나 본 측정방법이 매우 안정적인 방법임을 확인할 수 있었다. 1-OHP와 유사한 물질들이 혼합된 용액으로부터 $TiO_2$-Bead-HPLC 측정방법의 회수율을 평가한 결과, 평균 105.6%의 회수율을 나타내었다. 실제 소변시료를 대상으로 기존의 효소-HPLC 측정방법과 본 측정방법 간의 상관성을 평가한 결과, 두 방법 간에는 높은 상관관계(r=0.74, p<0.01)를 보여 bead를 이용한 요중 1-OHP의 새로운 측정 방법의 유용성을 확인할 수 있었다. 본 연구에서 개발한 새로운 측정방법은 기존의 측정방법에 비해 요중 1-OHP 농도를 보다 간편하고 저렴한 가격으로 측정할 수 있다는 장점이 있다. 본 연구의 결과는 $TiO_2$ 코팅 bead를 응용한 요중 1-OHP 센서의 개발에 응용할 수 있을 것으로 생각되며, 분자주형을 이용한 bead의 개발은 1-OHP 이외의 다른 화학물질의 분석에도 다양하게 응용할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.499-511
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• 2005

This study was performed to determine the effects of genetic polymorphisms, such as glutathione S-transferase ${\mu}1(GSTM1)$, glutathione S-transferase ${\Theta}1\;(GSTM1)$, glutathione S-transferase ${\pi}l (GSTP1)$, aryl hydrocarbon N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2), cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1), cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) on the concentrations of urinary 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP) and 2-naphthol in general population with no occupational exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Study subjects were 257 men who visited a health promotion center in Susan. A questionnaire was used to obtain detailed data about age, smoking, drinking, body fat mass, intake of fat etc. Urinary l-OHP and 2-naphthol concentration were analyzed by HPLC system with a fluorescence detector. A multiplex PCR method was used to identify the genotypes for GSTM1 and GSTT1. The polymorphisms of GSTP1, NAT2, CYP1A1 and CYP2E1 were determined by the polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. Urinary 1-OHP concentration was higher in deleted genotype of GSTM1, increased as smoking and alcohol drinking increased. Urinary 2-naphthol concentration was also rely on the age and smoking. Neither genetic polymorphism nor drinking-related factors were significantly related to urinary 2-naphthol concentration. No significant relation was found between physical characteristics and concentrations of urinary PAHs metabolites in the subjects, but the geometric mean of urinary 1-OHP and 2-naphthol was higher in the group with higher value compared to median value. These data suggest that in general population occupationally not exposed to PAHs, urinary concentration of PAHs metabolites is influenced by smoking, alcohol drinking and deleted genotype of GSTM1 in 1-OHP and smoking in 2-naphthol.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.124-134
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• 2005

To investigate the exposure effect of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), we measured airborne total PAHs as an external dose, urinary 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP) as an internal dose of PAHs exposure, and analyzed the relationship between urinary 1-OHP concentration and PAHs exposure. The study population contained 44 workers in steel-pipe coating and paint manufacture industries. The airborne PAHs was obtained during survey day, and urine were sampled at the end of shift. Personal information on age, body weight, height, eniployment duration, smoking habit, and alcohol consumption was obtained by a structured questionnaire. Airborne PAHs were analyzed by the gas chromatograph with mass selective detector. Urinary 1-OHP levels were analyzed by the high performance liquid chromatograph with ultraviolet wavelength detector. For statistical estimation, t-test, ${\chi}^2$-test, analysis of variance, correlation analysis, arid regression analysis were executed by SPSS/PC (Windows version 10). The mean of environmental total PAHs was $87.8{\pm}7.81{\mu}g/m^3$. The mean concentration ($526.5{\pm}2.85{\mu}g/m^3$) of workers in steel-pipe coating industries using coal tar enamel was the higher than that ($17.5{\pm}3.36{\mu}g/m^3$) of workers in paint manufacture industries using coal tar paint. The mean of urinary 1-OHP concentration ($51.63{\pm}3.144{\mu}\;mol/mol$ creatinine) of workers in steel-pipe coating industries was the higher than that ($2.33{\pm}4.709{\mu}\;mol/mol$ creatinine) of workers in paint manufacture industries. The mean of urinary 1-OHP concentration of smokers was the higher than that of non-smokers. There was significant correlation between the urinary concentration of 1-OHP and the environmental concentration of PAHs (r=O.S48, p<0.001), pyrene(r=0.859, p<0.001), and urinary cotinine (r=0.324, p<0.05). The regression equation between the urinary concentration of 1-OHP in ${\mu}g/g$ creatinine($C_{1-OHP}$) and airborne concentration of PAHs (or pyrene) in ${\mu}g/m^3$ ($C_{PAHs}$ or Cpyrene) is: Log ($C_{1-OHP}$)=-0.650+0.889×Log($C_{PAHs}$), where $R^2=0.694$ and n=38 for p<0.001.Log ($C_{1-OHP}$)=1.087+0.707${\times}$Log(Cpyrene), where $R^2=0.713$ and n=38 for p<0.001. From the results of stepwise multiple regression analysis about 1-OHP, significant independents were total PAHs and urinary cotinine (adjusted $R^2=0.743$, p<0.001). In this study, there were significant correlation between the urinary concentration of 1-OHP and the airborne concentration of PAHs. The urinary 1-OHP was effective index as a biomarker of airborne PAHs in workplace. But it was influenced by non-occupational PAHs source, smoking.