• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.675-686
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• 2015

Asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) needs proper post-harvest treatment to prolong its storage life. This study investigated the effect of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) on the quality and storage life of asparagus. Fresh-harvested asparagus was treated with 1-MCP ($1mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$), CEPA($10mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$), and 1-MCP($1mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$) + CEPA($10mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$) and compared with an untreated control. The carbon dioxide ($CO_2$) production, ethylene production, and morphological characteristics of the preserved asparagus were observed. The flow-system and the static-type measurement methods for ethylene and $CO_2$ production (respiration rate) were used. Weight loss, respiration rate, degree of freshness, and ethylene production were monitored during storage at $7^{\circ}C$. The results further showed that CEPA (2-chloroethylphosphonic acid) treatment had greater effects on $CO_2$ and ethylene production than using the 1-MCP process. The asparagus treated with CEPA or 1-MCP + CEPA had significantly increased the ethylene production rate compared to the control or using only 1-MCP during storage. There were no evident changes in the respiration rate of asparagus under 1-MCP treatment as compared with the control. Using the flow-system, slight differences in the rates of $CO_2$ and ethylene production were noted as compared to using the static type. Findings showed that in using the flow-system, asparagus manifested clearer results as compared with the static type. Weight loss in asparagus was significantly lower in control and 1-MCP treated samples than in those treated with CEPA. Likewise, the $CO_2$ and ethylene production of the CEPA treated samples significantly increased. The 1-MCP treatment reduced the effects of CEPA on weight loss, soluble solids content, and osmolality. The effect was not observed with exogenous ethylene as CEPA treatment had no visible effect as compared to the untreated group. Thus, 1-MCP treatment of asparagus could slightly reduce damage to the quality of asparagus during its distribution where ethylene gas is produced. Therefore, this study suggests that 1-MCP treatment can reduce the damage induced by ethylene gas on asparagus in poor distribution environments.

• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.69-75
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• 2017

An MCP(Multi-chip Package) is a package consisting of several chips. Since several chips are stacked on the same substrate, multiple assembly steps are required to make an MCP. The characteristics of the chips in the MCP are dependent on the layer sequence. In the MCP manufacturing process, it is very essential to carefully consider the layer sequence in scheduling to achieve the intended throughput as well as the WIP balance. In this paper, we propose a scheduling methodology considering the layer sequence constraint.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.224-231
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• 2011

Effects of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) treatment and controlled atmosphere (CA) storage was analyzed for the export quality of 'Fuji' apples after 8-month storage. Apples were harvested from two orchards located in different regions at relatively late stage of maturity for long-term storage. Fruit were treated with 1 ${\mu}L{\cdot}L^{-1}$ 1-MCP and then stored in $0^{\circ}C$ air or CA with 1.5 kPa $O_2$ and < 1.0 kPa $CO_2$ for 8 months. To simulate poststorage export process such as 2-week refrigerated container shipment plus 7-day local distribution, fruit were put in $0^{\circ}C$ air storage for additional two weeks and then on the shelf for 7 days at $20^{\circ}C$. Both the 1-MCP treatment and CA storage reduced respiration and ethylene evolution after storage and shipping simulation, and successfully maintained titratable acidity and flesh firmness even after the export process. In 'Fuji' apples harvested after adequate stage of maturity for long-term storage, however, 1-MCP treatment alone seemed not to be satisfactory for the maintenance of sensorial fruit texture for export market. CA storage or 1-MCP treatment/CA storage combination program should be applied for lately harvested 'Fuji' apples exported after eight months storage.

• FLOWER RESEARCH JOURNAL
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.87-92
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• 2010

This research was aimed to extend the vase life, improve the cut flower quality and promote flowering rate of bulbous cut Iris 'Blue Magic'. Three different concentrations of 1-MCP ranging from 250 to $750nL{\cdot}L^{-1}$ were treated on cut Iris flowers for the vase life elongation. Several effects of 1-MCP treatment has shown such as early flowering as one day but vase life showed no significant differences comparing to the untreated control. Flowering rate was 75% or more in the treated ones as compare to 64.2% in untreated control. Especially, in a treatment with $250nL{\cdot}L^{-1}$ 1-MCP for 12 hours it showed all flowering. In many post-harvest experiments of cut flowers, ethylene production from flower organ has considered as most critical factor on vase life. Ethylene production from flower organ was measured by gas chromatography (GC) and it showed that there is no direct relation between flower longevity and emission of the ethylene gas in cut Iris. In comparison with the untreated control, ethylene generation rather seems to be increased as 1-MCP treatment increased. There was a synergy effect when 1-MCP and BA applied simultaneously in which flowering and vase life were fastened and also extended, respectively. Therefore, treatment of 1-MCP for cut Iris at flower early harvest is able to improve the flower quality both by diminishing non-flowering rate and by extended flower longevity.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.261-265
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• 2011

Parkin is a putative tumor suppressor protein and its expression is frequently reduced or absent in several types of tumors. In this study, we examined the role of Parkin in mRNA expression of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) in the breast cancer cell line MCF7. Expression of MCP-1 mRNA increased after TNF-${\alpha}$ treatment. However, overexpression of Parkin induced a decrease in expression of MCP-1 mRNA in TNF-${\alpha}$-stimulated MCF7. This decrease in MCP-1 mRNA by Parkin overexpression occurred in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Using a wound scratch assay, we found that Parkin overexpression in MCF7 cells also resulted in a decrease in cell migration. These results suggest that Parkin down-regulates MCP-1 synthesis leading to decreased migration of tumor cells. We suggest that one possible mechanism by which Parkin acts as a tumor suppressor is by inhibiting migration or metastasis of cancer cells.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.725-733
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• 2012

Effects of postharvest 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) treatment, controlled atmosphere (CA) storage, and shelf temperature on quality of 'Gamhong' apples were analyzed during export simulation. Fruits were harvested at the optimum maturity for long-term storage, treated with $1{\mu}L{\cdot}L^{-1}$ 1-MCP for 16 hours, and then stored for 6 months under air and CA conditions at $0^{\circ}C$. Poststorage export procedure was performed by applying additional 2-week refrigerated storage and 7-day shelf-life test at 7 and $20^{\circ}C$, which simulated container shipment and local distribution, respectively. After storage and during export simulation, rates of respiration and ethylene evolution were significantly lower in 1-MCP treated and CA-stored apples. For the reduction of respiration, CA storage was more effective than 1-MCP treatment. Soluble solids content was maintained higher in 1-MCP treated apples, while titratable acidity was maintained better both in the 1-MCP treated and CA-stored apples. Effects of 1-MCP treatment and CA storage were highly significant in maintaining flesh firmness and sensory texture ratings. Additive effects from combined application of 1-MCP treatment and CA storage were occasionally observed. Shelf temperature during the local distribution simulation seemed not to significantly influence quality changes only showing limited effects on flesh firmness. Overall results suggest that storage potential of 'Gamhong' apples is shorter than 4 months in control fruit under refrigerated air conditions, whereas the potential can be extended to longer than 6 months by 1-MCP treatment and CA storage. Postharvest program should be provided considering the time of export, i.e. period of storage, and duration of local distribution.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.37-42
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• 2008

Betulinic acid, a naturally occurring pentacyclic triterpenoid, is found in abundance in the outer bark of white birch (Betula alba). In this study, we investigated if betulinic acid affects cytokine expression from activated macrophage cells. ELISA result showed that stimulation of HL-60 cells with proinflammatory cytokine such as $TNF-{\alpha}$ resulted in MCP-1 release into culture medium. In addition, transcriptional upregulation of MCP-1 in response to $TNF-{\alpha}$ was observed by RT-PCR analysis. However, incubation of HL-60 cells with betulinic acid prior to $TNF-{\alpha}$ treatment abrogated MCP-1 expression in transcription and translational level. Consistent with a number of studies which reported requirement of ERK activation for $TNF-{\alpha}$ expression, Western blot analysis showed that $TNF-{\alpha}-induced$ ERK activation was suppressed by pretreatment of HL-60 cells with betulinic acid. Taken together, our data indicate that betulinic acid exerts its anti-inflammatory effect through inhibition of $TNF-{\alpha}-induced$ ERK activation which is required for the subsequent MCP-1 release.

• Journal of Radiation Industry
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.205-210
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• 2016

This study was conducted to evaluate the combined effect of gamma irradiation and different conditions (vacuum packaging, antioxidant and freezing) on the microbiological and sensory characteristics of freeze dried Manila clam porridge (MCP) for immuno-compromised patient food. MCP can be sterilized at 1 kGy to 10 kGy. The initial counts of total aerobic bacteria and yeast molds in the non-irradiated MCP were $2.4{\pm}0.5$ and $1.2{\pm}0.3{\log}\;CFU\;g^{-1}$, respectively, but gamma irradiation significantly decreased the total aerobic bacteria to below the detection limit ($1{\log}\;CFU\;g^{-1}$) (5 kGy). Moreover, gamma irradiation effectively eliminated yeasts/molds at dose below than 1 kGy. However, gamma irradiation accelerated the increase of lipid oxidation and therefore, decreased the sensory characteristics of MCP as irradiation dose increased. To improve the sensory qualities of gamma irradiated MCP, combination treatment (vacuum packaging, 0.1% vitamin C) were applied. There was no significant difference in the overall acceptance scores between the combined-treatment sample (5.6 points) and the non-irradiated samples (6.0). The results indicate that combination treatment (vacuum packaging, 0.1% vitamin C) may help to maintain the quality of MCP. Therefore, it considered that irradiation of MCP with combined treatment and this is an effective method for the consumption as a special purpose food such as for space travel or immuno-compromised patients.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.709-717
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• 2002

Hypoxemia is known to induce various physiological changes which can result in alteration in drug pharmacokinetics. To examine the effect of acute moderate hypoxemia on metoclopramide (MCP) pharmacokinetics, a continuous 14-hour infusion of MCP during a normoxemic, hypoxemic and subsequent normoxemic period was conducted in eight adult sheep. Arterial blood and urine samples were collected to examine the effects on the pharmacokinetics of MCP and its deethylated metabolites. MCP and its mono- and di-deethylated metabolites were quantitated using a GC/MS method. Steady-state concentrations of MCP were achieved in each of the three periods. During hypoxemia, MCP plasma steady-state concentration increased significantly from 50.72$\pm$1.06 to 63.62$\pm$1.79 ng/mL, and later decreased to 55.83$\pm$1.15 ng/mL during the post-hypoxemic recovery period. Total body clearance ($CL_{TB}$) of MCP was significantly decreased from 274.2$\pm$48.0 L/h to 205.40$\pm$28.2 L/h during hypoxemia, and later restored to 245.8$\pm$44.2 L/h during the post-hypoxemic period. Plasma mono-deethylated MCP concentration (32.78$\pm$1.73 ng/mL) also increased, compared to the control group (21.20$\\pm$1.39 ng/mL), during hypoxemia and subsequent normoxemic period. Renal excretion of MCP and its metabolites was also decreased during hypoxemia, while urine flow was increased with a concomitant decrease in urine osmolality. Thus, the results indicate that acute moderate hypoxemia affects MCP pharmacokinetics.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.479-487
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• 2016

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) and ethylene-absorbent on the qualities of Prunus mume fruit. Prunus mume fruits were stored without film packaging (Cont), packed in LDPE film (Cont-P), and packed with ethylene-absorbent (Cont-PE). Fruits were treated with 1-MCP (1 ppm) for 24 hr at $1^{\circ}C$. After treatment, fruits were packed in LDPE film (MCP-P) and with ethylene-absorbent (MCP-PE) and then stored at $1^{\circ}C$ for 8 weeks. Total soluble solids increased during storage but decreased after 6 weeks while total acidity decreased during storage. Cont was almost completely decayed after 8 weeks of storage while Cont-P, Cont-PE, MCP-PE, and MCP-P were 46, 69, 83, and 5% decayed, respectively. L value decreased but a value increased during storage in all samples. Firmness of peel and flesh of samples decreased gradually for 8 weeks. Respiration rate did not show any significant difference among samples. Ethylene production of Cont showed $0.05{\mu}L/kg/h$ but immediately after 1-MCP treatment, it showed $0.02{\mu}L/kg/h$. Oxalic and malic acids decreased while citric acid increased during storage; fructose and glucose substantially decreased after 8 weeks whereas sorbitol and sucrose increased upto 4 weeks and then decreased thereafter. Based on these results, packing the fruits treated with 1-MCP could extend the freshness of Prunus mume fruit.