• Title/Summary/Keyword: 1 Trip Length

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Estimation of the Cold Start Emission and Evaporative Emission by Passenger Cars Trip Length (국내 승용차의 1회 평균 주행거리에 의한 Cold Start Emission과 Evaporative Emission 추정)

  • 장영기;최상진;신문기;조규탁
    • Proceedings of the Korea Air Pollution Research Association Conference
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    • 2000.11a
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    • pp.143-144
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    • 2000
  • 급증하는 자동차 수요로 인해 발생되는 배출량 증가는 자동차 운행의 특성상 대도시 대기오염의 주원인으로 작용하고 있다. 자동차 배출오염물질의 배출량 추정에 있어 국내 차량의 배출계수 개발도 시급하지만 우리 나라 자동차 운행패턴에 관한 연구도 같이 병행되어야 한다. 본 연구에서는 Cold start emission과 Evaporative VOC emission의 산정에 있어서 국내 승용차의 1회 주행거리(Trip length)를 이용하여 승용차 부문 배출량 영향정도와 계절별 배출량 변화를 추정하여 보았다. (중략)

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Analyzing Factors to Affect Trip Mode Chaining Behavior Using Travel Diary Survey Data in Seoul (가구통행실태조사 자료를 활용한 서울시 연계수단 통행행태의 영향요인 분석 연구)

  • Kim, Su jae;Choo, Sang ho;Kim, Ji yoon;Han, Jae yoon
    • The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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    • v.17 no.1
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    • pp.55-70
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    • 2018
  • Recently, as shared transportation services has expanded, integrated mobility services that link personal transportation and public transportation are paid attention. To do this, it is necessary to analyze trip mode chaining behavior. This study analyzed the characteristics of the trip mode chaining behavior using the 2010 travel diary survey in Seoul, and analyzed factors to affect mode choice of trip chaining through the multinomial logit model. The transportation means were classified into passenger cars, city buses, intercity buses, railways, taxis, and others, and 25 trip mode chaining types were identified. Among them, the trip share connected between city bus and railways was the highest. It was also found that the trip mode chaining occurred mainly at commuting and in the morning and afternoon peak. According to the model results, the mode choice of trip chaining is significantly influenced by individual attributes (sex and age), household attributes (car ownership and income), trip attributes (trip purpose, trip time and trip length), and arrival area attributes (number of subway lines and bus lines, ratio of commercial area, land use mix and central region).

Effect of Lip Shape on the Hole Flangeability of High Strength Steel Sheets (고강도 열연재의 홀 플랜징시 립 형상이 플랜정성에 미치는 효과)

  • Kim, Jeong-Un;Kim, Bong-Jun;Mun, Yeong-Hun
    • Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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    • v.26 no.1
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    • pp.147-152
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    • 2002
  • Effect of lip shape on the hole flangeability of high strength steel sheets is investigated. Circular plates of various hole sizes are tested and the variation of lip length as well as the variation of thickness on the sectional views of the finished lip were studied. The conventional hole flanging process is limited to a certain limit hole diameter below which failure will ensue during the hole expansion. The intention of this work is to examine the effect of lip shape on the flangeability of TRIP steel and Ferrite-Bainite duplex steel and find out major parameters which can affect flanging shape of high strength hot rolled steels. Over the ranges of conditions investigated, the minimum hole diameter of F+B steel is better than TRIP steel. while, the lip-shape accuracy of TRIP steel is better than that of F+B steel. although the tensile strength and elongation of %P steel are superior than those of Ferrite-Bainite duplex steel, the flangeability is found to be not so strongly sensitive to the tensile properties but sensitive to displacement on the circumferential direction of hole edge.

High Speed Rail Station Distric Using Entropy Model Study to Estimate the Trip Distribution (엔트로피 모형을 활용한 고속철도 역세권 통행분포 추정에 관한 연구)

  • Cho, Hangung;Kim, Sigon;Kim, Jinhowan;Jeon, Sangmin
    • KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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    • v.32 no.6D
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    • pp.679-686
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    • 2012
  • KTX step 1 April 2004, after the opening, the second phase of the project was opened in November 2010. High-speed rail after the opening and continue to increase the demand of high-speed rail, Have the speed of competitive advantage compared too the means of transportation. The opening of these high-speed rail has led to changes of the move, the company's position, and the spatial structure of the population of reorganization, such as the social, economic, transportation. In this study, survey data using the High Speed Rail Station EMME/2 of the program to take advantage of the 2-Dimentional Blancing trip distribution to investigate the passage through the trip distribution by the estimation of the parameters of the model to estimate the distribution of the means of access and high-speed rail station to reproduce and Analysis of the results by means of access parameters (${\theta}$) autos 0.0395, buses 0.0390, subway 0.0650, taxi 0.0415, the frequency distribution (Trip Length Frequency Distribution: TLFD) were analyzed survey data value model with the results of comparing $R^2$ cars analysis and model values similar survey data 0.909 bus 0.923, subway 0.745 to 0.922, taxi, F test P value analysis is smaller than 0.05 at the 95% confidence level as a note that was judged to have been. Trip frequency distribution analysis, but in the future, set the unit to 5km-trip frequency distribution middle zone Units from small zone units (administrative district) segmentation research is needed, and can reflect the trip distance 0~5 km interval combined function to take advantage of the gravity model and the 3-Dimentional Blancing applied research is needed to be considered.

A Comparative Study of Nest Attendance Patterns of Chick-rearing Black-faced Spoonbills (Platalea minor) in Incheon, South Korea (인천광역시 도서지역에서 번식하는 저어새(Platalea minor)의 육추 교대에 관한 비교 연구)

  • Park, Jong-Hyun;Lee, Kisup;Kwon, In-Ki;Chung, Hoon
    • Ocean and Polar Research
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    • v.42 no.1
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    • pp.89-95
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    • 2020
  • Our study was conducted to examine the nest attendance of the Black-faced Spoonbill (Platalea minor) from 2015 to 2018 at two Islets located in Incheon, South Korea. We visited study sites in March-April and set up the remote sensor cameras at two breeding sites (Mae-do, Guji-do) to observe chick-rearing behavior. Mean nest bout length at Mae-do (female: 4.2 ± 0.1 hr, male: 4.0 ± 0.1 hr) was shorter than at Guji-do (female: 5.3 ± 0.2, male: 6.0 ± 0.3 hr), and trip duration at Mae-do (female: 4.4 ± 0.1 hr, male: 4.0 ± 0.1) was also shorter than at Guji-do (female: 7.0 ± 0.2 hr, male: 7.0 ± 0.3). Mean nest bout length and trip duration at both study sites decreased as chick rearing progressed. Males attended their nests during the daytime, and females attended their nests during the nighttime. Our results showed that females and males' duties were divided by the diel cycle, but the pattern of nest attendance could change depending on the environment of their breeding sites during the chick-rearing period.

A Simplified Approach for Predicting Springback in U-Draw Bending of Sheet Metals (용접 판재의 U 드로오 벤딩에서 스프링백 예측을 위한 이론적 단순화)

  • Chang S. H;Seo D. G.
    • Transactions of Materials Processing
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    • v.13 no.8
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    • pp.678-688
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    • 2004
  • The U-draw bending operation is known as a representative test method for springback evaluation of sheet metals since the sheet in U-draw bending operation undergoes stretching, bending and unbending deformations occurred at the stamping process. In this study, a simplified approach was proposed for predicting springback and side-wall curls of tailor-welded blank in U-draw bending operations, using moment-curvature relationships derived for sheets undergoing stretching, bending and unbending deformation. Two different welded strips were adopted to compare the effects of weld-line locations on the springback. One (type A) was welded along the centerline of the strip-width and the other (type B) was welded along the centerline of the strip-length. To investigate the effect of different thickness combination on the springback, the tailor-welded strips were joined by the laser welding process and consisted of three types of thickness combinations of sheets, SCP1 0.8t * SCP1 1.2t, SCP1 0.8t * SCP1 1.6t and SCP1 0.8t * TRIP 1.0t. Some calculated results by the simplified formula were compared with experimental results.

Study on Local Bus Service after Bus Route Reform in Busan (버스노선개편 이후 부산 시내버스 운행실태에 관한 고찰)

  • Song, Ki-Wook;Jung, Hun-Young;Lee, Joon-Seung
    • Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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    • v.26 no.3
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    • pp.41-51
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    • 2008
  • As the local bus service diagram after the bus route reform is studied by variable analysis based on traffic card data and income adjustment data, the characteristic of the local bus system is revealed in Busan Metropolitan city. The relationship between traveling length and traveling time is influenced by traveling velocity. In order to keep a headway within 10 minutes, bus service number per minute should be over 0.1013 vehicles. The traveling time of afternoon is generally longer than that of forenoon. Compared with the bus used by a lot people, the deviation of that used by a few people is larger in the all cases of length, headway, time and velocity. According to the analysis of the relationship among card trip number, average income and transfer rate, the relationship between card trip number and average income is expressed as linear function in the general bus and as exponential function in the high-grade & rapid bus. The 1% increase of transfer rate is equal to 6.3 trip/vehicle/day decrease and 4.9 trip/vehicle/day decrease in two bus types respectively. The four effective variables are defined by the discriminant analysis between the profitable routes and the unprofitable; According to discriminant size, bus service number per km, bus via suburb, subway meeting number, bus via university. In order to increase the income when the minibus will be included among public transit transfer system in 2008, it should be necessary to settle the bus network and revitalize the public transit better. In order to decrease the cost, it should be necessary to reorganize the hierarchy between the local bus and the minibus better.

An Analysis of Subway Ridership Variations in Seoul metropolitan area (수도권 2기 지하철 개통에 따른 지하철 통행패턴 변화 - 1995-2004년 변화를 중심으로 -)

  • Kim, Chan-Sung
    • Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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    • 2005.05a
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    • pp.1073-1083
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    • 2005
  • Since the operation of subway line 1 between Seoul and Cheongryangri stations in 1974, the rail length and riderships have been increased during the three decades. Furthermore, it was a remarkable increase of line length between 1995 and 2004 by the operation of Lines 5, 6, 7, and 8 within Seoul metropolitan area. This study reports the variations of riderships by the changing urban spatial structure. According to analysis results by station-to-station origin-destination trip tables, there were increasing ridership changes in new stations within new subcenters, while there were little ridership changes in old stations within Seoul and existing subcenters. The levels of competition between the existing and new lines brought about the difference of ridership changes.

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Modeling the Distribution Demand Estimation for Urban Rail Transit (퍼지제어를 이용한 도시철도 분포수요 예측모형 구축)

  • Kim, Dae-Ung;Park, Cheol-Gu;Choe, Han-Gyu
    • Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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    • v.23 no.2
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    • pp.25-36
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    • 2005
  • In this study, we suggested a new approach method forecasting distribution demand of urban rail transit usign fuzzy control, with intend to reflect irregularity and various functional relationship between trip length and distribution demand. To establish fuzzy control model and test this model, the actual trip volume(production, attraction and distribution volume) and trip length (space distance between a departure and arrival station) of Daegu subway line 1 were used. Firstly, usign these data we established a fuzzy control model, nd the estimation accuracy of the model was examined and compared with that of generalized gravity model. The results showed that the fuzzy control model was superior to gravity model in accuracy of estimation. Therefore, wwe found that fuzzy control was able to be applied as a effective method to predict the distribution demand of urban rail transit. Finally, to increase the estimation precision of the model, we expect studies that define membership functions and set up fuzzy rules organized with neural networks.