• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.87-103
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• 1991

The somatic cell counts SCC and bacteria counts were done by D milk plant, P milk plant, S milk plant and Inch'${\v{\times}}n$ Vet. Serv. Lab from 1987 to 1990 with Coulter counter, Fossomatic 90, Bactoscan, Rolling ball viscometer and Resazurin reduction test. The results were summarized as follows 1. In the distribution of SCC of the bulk herd milk, D milk plant from Nov. 1989 to Oct. 1990 remarks 80.2% on the range below 500, 000, 14.5% ranging from 1, 000, 000 to 1, 500, 000, 1.2% ranging from 1, 500, 000 to 2, 000, 000, 0.69% ranging from 2, 000, 000 to 3, 000, 000, 0.71% on the range over 3, 000, 000. P milk plant remarks 237, 000 in the first half year and 251, 000 in the second half year in 1990 year. S milk plant remarks annual average of 335, 000 in 1987, 273, 000 in 1988 and 262, 000 in 1989. The individual record of Inch'${\v{\times}}n$ Vet. Serv Lab. remarks 79.35% and 80.2% below 500, 000 8.30% and 7.40% from 500, 000 to 1, 000, 000, 2.37% and 3.2% from 1, 000, 000 to 1, 500, 000, 2.77% and 2.30% from 1, 500, 000 to 2, 000, 000, 1.67% and 2.00% from 2, 000, 000 to 3, 000, 000, 5.53% and 4.40% over 3, 000, 000 in 1989 and 1990, respectively. The grade distirbution of SCC is as follows: D milk plant shows 1st grade-80.20%, 2nd grade-l6.5% and 3rd grade-3.30%. And P milk plant shows all 1st grade. S milk plant shows 87.30%, 8.6% and 4.1% in 1987 and 91.90%, 6.1% and 2.0% in 1988, and 92.40%, 6.1% and l.5% in 1989 on the 1st, 2nd and 3rd grade respectively. 2. The distribution of bacteria P milk plant reached 15.123 in 1st half year and 21.515 in 2nd half year. Also, S milk plant reached 81.5%, 12.5%, 6.0% in 1987, and 86.20%, 9.70%, 4.1% in 1988, and 86.2%, 10.8%, 3.0% in 1989 respectively for 1st, 2nd and 3rd grade. 3. The regional SCC distribution in D milk plant shows 1, 540, 000 in three regions and 714, 000 in one region. And monthly SCC distribution shows 671, 000 in December and 1, 165, 000 in June. 4. As a result of the individual SCC test, 9 times for 16 cows in “I”farm(1986-1988), and 6 times for 13 cows in“D”farm(1987-1988) No.3, 5, 9, 14 cows in“I”farm showed the high SCC beyond 1, 000, 000 over 4-5times. 5. If the SCC over 300, 000 reach 40%, the national producing quality of milk can be reduced by 87, 600M /I annually and in the sum of money, it should be about 35.5 billion Won. 6. The difference between high group and low group for SCC in D milk plant reached over 1, 000, 000. In case that the difference reaches 1, 000, 000 in the farm bulk milk at a farm breeding 20 cows which produce 20kg milk per day, it was estimate that the annual difference of producing quantity and sum of money respectively should be reached 26, 280kg in milk and 10, 643, 400 Won in income.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.261-279
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• 1997

The study for a effect of monitoring on bovine mastitis was conduced for improvement of raw milk from Jan. to Dec. in 1996. Sampling the milk of 367 cows(1, 406 quarters) from 5 herds in Inchon and were carried out California mastitis test(CMT), somatic cell count(SCC), isolation of pathogens and antibiotic sensitivity tests. The results were summarized as follows, 1. The number of bovine mastitis was 177 cows(48.2%) and 371 quarters(26.4%) : clinical mastitis : 25 cows(6.8%), 32 quarters(2.3%) and subclinicsl mastitis : 152 cows(41.4% ), 339 quarters(24.1%). Incidence rate of mastitis by season were Summer 52.0%, Fall and Winter 48% and Spring 41%. Incidence rate of mastitis by quarters were Summer 30%, Fall 28%, Winter 25% and Spring 21%, respectively. 2. In the distribution of CMT degree by quarter, CMT positive(CMT$\pm$) of 1, 406 quarters milk were 50.1% (704 quarters). The ratio of CMT positivity by quarter were left front quarter 55.8%, right front quarter 48.9%, right hind quarter 48.6% and left hind quarter 47% The ratio of CMT positivity by season were Summer 54.1%, Fall 49.7%, Spring 48.5% and Winter 48% 3. The highest mean SCC by season among 5 herds was "A" herd. Mean SCC (cell/ml) of A herd were Summer 2, 032, 000cells/ml, Fall 1, 109, 000cells/ml, Winter 782, 000cells/ml and Spring 577, 000cells/ml. The lowest mean SCC by season among 5 herds was "E" herds. Mean SCC of E herd were Summer 1, 064, 000cells/ml, Spring 795, 000cells/m1, Fall 429, 000cells/ml and Winter 400, 000cells/ml. Mean SCC of the other herds by season were little difference. 4. The milk samples of "A" herd were collected from 10 cows. In 3 seasons, mean SCC of No. 2 and 3 cows were than 1, 000, 000cells/ml. In 1 season, mean SCC of No. 6, 7 and 8 cows were than 1, 000, 000cells/ml. The more than mean SCC 1, 000, 000cells/ml of cows by season were distributed Summer 4 cows, Winter 3 cows, Spring and Fall 1 cow respectively. The milk samples of "B" herd were collected from 14 cows. In 3 seasons, mean SCC of No. 1 cow was more than 1, 000, 000cells/ml. In 2 seasons, mean SCC of No. 5, 9 and 14 cows were more than 1, 000, 000cells/ml. In 1 season, No. 3, 6 and 7 cows were more than 1, 000, 000cells/ml. The more than mean SCC 1, 000, 000cells/ml of cows by season were distributed Fall and Winter 4 cows respectively, Summer 3 cows and Spring 1 cow. The milk samples of "C" herd were collected from 18 cows. In 2 seasons, mean SCC of No. 16 cow was more than 1, 000, 000cells/ml. In 1 season, mean SCC of No. 1, 2, 6, 7, 13, 15 and 18 cows were more than 1, 000, 000cells/ml respectively. The more than mean SCC 1, 000, 000cells/ml of cows by season were distributed Summer 5 cows, Fall 3 cows, Spring 2 cows and Winter 1 COW. The milk sampes of "D" herd were collected 24 cows. In 3 season, mean SCC of No. 14 cow was more than 1, 000, 000cells/ml. In 2 seasons, mean SCC of No. 14 and 18 cows were more than 1, 000, 000cells/ml. In 1 season, mean SCC of No. 1, 2, 3, 8, 12, 17, 19, 20 and 21 cows were more than 1, 000, 000cells/ml. The more than mean SCC 1, 000, 000cells/ml of cows were distributed Fall 15 cows, Spring and Winter 4 cows respectively and Summer 3 cows. The milk samples of "E" herd were collected from 27 cows. In 2 seasons, mean SCC of No. 6, 7 and 21 cows were more than 1, 000, 000cells/ml. In 1 season, mean SCC of No. 2, 4, 7, 11, 14, 16 and 23 cows were more than 1, 000, 000cells/ml. The more than mean SCC 1, 000, 000cells/ml of cows were distributed Spring and Fall 5 cows respectively, Summer and Winter 2 cows, respectively. 5. The rate of isolated pathogenic microorganisms from bovine mastitis were summarized as follows : Staphylococcus sp 168 strains(45.8%), Streptococcus sp 82 strains(22.3%), Gram(-) sp 45 strains(12.3%), Gram(＋) sp 51 strains and the other sp 21 strains(5.7%). 6. The highest of antibiotic sensitivity test of each microorganism was summarized as follows : Staphyolcoccus sp - cephalosporin 76%, gentamicin 55%, Streptococcus sp - ampicillin 61%, cephalosporin 63%, Gram(-) sp - gentamicin 58%, Gram(＋) sp - cephalosporin 63%, The other sp - cephalosporin 90%. Microorganisms showed the highest sensitivity(68%) to cephalospsorin. Microorganisms showed the highest sensitivity(68%) to cephalospsorin.

• Neonatal Medicine
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.25-35
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• 2009

목적 : 본 연구는 전국의 7개 대학병원 NICU를 대상으로, NICU 입원 현황, 입원 비용을 살펴 보아, 실제 NICU 환아들에 대한 입원비용의 내용을 분석하고, 이것의 문제점을 찾아 보아, 입원비용의 환자 본인 부담 감소 및 기타 제도적인 제안을 통해 향후 NICU 관리의 향상을 목적으로 본 연구를 실시하였다. 방법 : 전국에 분포한 7개 대학병원의 NICU를 대상으로 2005년 7월부터 2006년 6월까지 일 년 간 입원현황 및 입원비용에 대해 설문지를 통한 조사를 실시하여 분석하였다. 총 78개 병원에서 1년간 NICU 입원 환자 수는 총 3,488명이렀다. 조사 분석 내용은 (1) NICU 입원 현황(체중별 분포, 출생체중과 입원기간의 관계 분포). (2) 입원 비용(보험급여, 비급여 비용과 비율, 출생체중별 이비원비. 입원일수에 따른 총 입원비, 1인당 비급여 비용의 분포, 비급여 항목 등이다. 결과 : NICU 입원아 중에서 미숙아를 포함하는 LBWI 군과 고위험신생아가 반반씩이었다. 입원기간은 1,000g 이하인 경우 평균 2.5-3개월, 1,000-1,499g은 1.5-2.5개월, 1,500-1,999g은 1-1.5개월, 2,000-2,499g은 0.5개월, 2,500g 이상은 7일-10일이었다. 총입원진료비에서 보험급여가 77.1%, 비급여가 22.9% (법적비급여 19.5%, 임의 비급여 3.4%)이었다. 1인당 총 입원비 평균은 총액이 4,360천원 이었고 이중 급여 부분이 3,677천원, 비급여가 1,007천원이었다. 출생체중별 입원비는 체중 500g 미만 35,000천원, 500-999g 18,000천원, 1,000-1,499g 16,000천원, 1,500-1,999g 4,200천원, 2,000-2,499g 1,600천원, 2,500-2,999g 1,500천원, 3,000-3,499g 1,400천원, 3,500-3,999g 1,200천원, 4,000g 이상 1,100천원 이었다. 입원일 수 따른 총 입원비의 중앙값은 1-4일 850천원, 6-9일 1,300천원, 10-14일 1,800천원, 15-19일 3,150천원, 20-24일 4,250천원, 25-29일 5,500천원, 30-34일 7,000천원, 35-39일 8,250천원, 40-44일 9,000천원, 45-50일 11,000천원, 50-54일 12,500천원, 55-59일 13,500천원, 60-64일 14,500천원, 65-69일 16,000천원, 70-74일 18,000천원, 75-79일 23,000천원, 80-84일 24,000천원, 85-89일 25,000천원, 90-94일 27,000천원, 95-99일 28,000천원, 100-199일 30,000천원, 200일 이상 35,000천원이었다. 결론 : NICU는 미숙아 뿐만 아니라, 질병 신생아들을 치료하는 중요기능을 가지고 있었다. 출생체중별 분포 및 입원기간의 분포를 파악할 수 있었다. NICU 입원비는 출생체중이 작을수록, 입원기간이 길수록 많이 발생하고 있는데, 총입원액 중에서 환자가족이 부담하는 비급여 부분이 아직도 약 1/4을 차지하고 있어, 보호자들의 부담이 많다. 이에 대한 정부의 제도적 뒷받침이 필요하다고 생각된다.

• 재활복지공학회논문지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.273-278
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• 2016

청각선별에서 반응 역치는 검사 환경 잡음, 청각기관 생리적 특성, 과도한 음원 노출 등에 따라 다르게 나타난다. 이 연구 목적은 청각선별을 통과한 소아의 주파수별 가청역치에 대한 정보를 획득하는데 있다. 연구 대상은 언어치료센터와 지역아동센터에 다니는 3.3세부터 16.3세($9.01{\pm}2.52$) 사이의 110명으로 하였고, 이들의 소아 청각 선별 결과를 후향적으로 분석하였다. 청각선별은 고막운동성계측(Tympanometry), 등골근반사(acoustic reflex threshold), 자동화 이음향방사(automated otoacoustic emission), 순음청각선별(pure tone screening)을 시행하였다. 대상자들은 모두 청각선별 정상 기준에 포함되었다. 주파수별 가청역치 차이는 반복측정 분산분석 하였다. 결과: 가청역치 평균은 500, 1,000, 2,000, 4,000 Hz의 순서로 우측 귀 $16{\pm}6.49$, $11.5{\pm}4.79$, $6.86{\pm}4.99$, $5.95{\pm}6.65$ dB HL, 좌측 귀 $15.68{\pm}6.01$, $9.95{\pm}5.24$, $5.72{\pm}5.21$, $5.63{\pm}7.04$ dB HL로 각각 관찰되었다. 주파수 사이에는 500Hz와 1,000, 2,000, 4,000 Hz(p=.000), 1,000과 2,000, 4,000 Hz(p=.000)로 유의한 차이가 있었다.

• 대한바이러스학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.63-69
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• 1998

To establish in vivo antiviral evaluation system by using murine herpesvirus intracerebral infection model, 5-6 female BALB/c mice per group aged 5 weeks were inoculated i.c. into cerebrum with different inocular HSV-1 F. Signs of clinical disease noted everyday for one month. Observed were body weight decrease, neurological signs and death caused by encephalitis. Mice discontinued body weight decrease were recovered from the disease, and keratitis was often observed during recovery. The groups inoculated with higher than 1,000 PFU showed 100% mortaltiy and $LD_{50}$ was <100 PFU/mouse. To study the effect of virus inoculum sizes on antiviral effect of acyclovir (ACV), mice inoculated with different inocula were administered i.p. with different doses of ACV immediately after infection, and twice a day for 5 days. The higher inculum size, the less protective. $ED_{50}$ of ACV was >25, >25, 18.4 and 8.0 mg/kg b.i.d. in the group infected with 1,000,000, 100,000, 10,000 and 1,000 PFU/mouse, respectively. $LD_{50}$ of ACV was 62.5 mg/kg b.i.d. Therapeutic index of ACV was <2.5, <2.5, 3.0 and 7.0 in the groups with inocula 1,000,000, 100,000, 10,000 and 1,000 PFU/mouse, respectively. Inoculum size 1,000 PFU/mouse showing 100% mortaltiy and 5-6 days mean time to death, 5 days drug administration and 14 days observation will be future experimental conditions.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.69-72
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• 2007

양액농도 및 저면공급주기를 달리하여 양치식물의 생육을 촉진시키고자 봉의꼬리, 부싯깃고사리, 도깨비고비를 시험화종으로 하고 양액농도를 무처리, 500배, 1,000배, 2,000배액 등 4처리, 관주주기를 매일, 5일, 10일, 20일 등으로 4처리로 하여 시험한 결과 봉의꼬리는 무처리 매일관수에 비하여 2,000배액을 10일 간격으로 처리한 것이 생육이 좋았고 도깨비고비는 $1,000{\sim}2,000$배액을 10일 간격으로 처리하는 것이 좋으며 부싯깃고사리는 1,000배액에서 5일 간격으로 처리한 것이 생육이 좋은 것으로 나타났다. 결론적으로 봉의꼬리는 2,000배액 10일, 도깨비고비는 $1,000{\sim}2,000$배액에 10일, 부싯깃고사리는 1,000배액에 5일 간격으로 관주하는 것이 생육이 가장좋은 것으로 나타났다.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.96-103
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• 2007

This study was carried out on 14,443 subjects (8,706 men, 5,737 women ; between 20-80 years of age, mean age $41.8{\pm}9.16$) who visited the health promotion center of one university hospital. Serum $T_3$, $T_4$ and TSH concentrations were measured with CIA using commercial kits on ADVIA Centaur Assay. The prevalence of thyroid disfunction was high in elderly people and women like in western countries. The results were as follows; 1. The prevalence of overt hyperthyroidism was 4.8/1,000 population (men 4.1/1,000, women 5.9/1,000) and was higher in women than in men. 2. The prevalence of subclinical hyperthyroidism was 10.7/1,000 population (men 9.0/1,000, women 13.2/1,000) with peak prevalence at the age group 50, 60 and was higher in women than in men. 3. The prevalence of overt hypothyroidism was 0.5/1,000 population (men 0.5/1,000, women 0.5/1,000). The prevalence increased with age and was significantly higher in women in the age group over 60 years. 4. The prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism was 12.6/1,000 population (men 6.0/1,000, women 22.7/1,000) and was as high as about 4 times in women than in men. 5. The prevalence of thyroid dysfunction was higher in women than in men in all the age groups, and was higher in the age group 50, 60 years than in any other age group.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제30권5D호
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• pp.523-531
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• 2010

댐은 일상생활에 필요한 용수를 안정적으로 공급해주고 홍수피해를 저감하는 효과가 있지만 많은 토지와 가옥이 수몰되는 문제가 있다. 따라서 이러한 댐주변지역의 생활환경 개선과 지원을 위해 많은 사업들이 시행중에 있다. 본 연구에서는 GIS 공간중첩 기능을 이용하여 댐주변지역 지원사업비를 산정하는 기법과 함께 수치지형도의 해상도에 따른 영향을 분석한 결과 다음의 결론을 얻었다. 첫째, 1/3,000 수치지형도를 기준으로 각 해상도별 수몰지역 면적오차를 분석한 결과, 1/5,000 수치 지형도가 1/25,000 수치지형도에 비해 면적오차의 합의 비율이 9.5배로 정확도 측면에서 매우 효과적임을 알 수 있었다. 둘째, 댐주변지역 면적오차의 합을 분석한 결과 1/5,000 수치지형도가 1/25,000 수치지형도에 비해 면적오차의 합의 비율이 7.4배로 정확도 측면에서 매우 효과적임을 알 수 있었다. 셋째, 수몰지역 면적에 대한 지원사업비 오차를 분석한 결과, 1/5,000 수치지형도가 1/25,000 수치지형도에 비해 지원사업비 오차의 합과 표준오차 그리고 수몰지역 총사업비에 대한 지원 사업비 오차의 합의 비율에서 각각 15.9배, 14.7배, 15.9배로 매우 효과적임을 알 수 있었다. 또한 댐주변지역 면적에 대한 지원사업비 오차 분석 결과에서도 1/5,000 수치지형도가 1/25,000 수치지형도에 비해 지원사업비 오차의 합과 표준오차 그리고 댐주변지역 총사업비에 대한 지원사업비 오차의 합의 비율에서 각각 10.7배, 9.6, 10.6배로 정확도 측면에서 매우 효과적임을 알 수 있었다. 마지막으로 댐주변지역 전체사업비 오차를 분석한 결과, 1/5,000 수치지형도가 1/25,000 수치지형도에 비해 전체 지원사업비 오차의 합과 표준오차 그리고 전체사업비에 대한 전체사업비 오차의 합의 비율에서 각각 1.4배, 1.3배, 1.4배로 정확도 측면에서 효과적이나 인구항목이 면적개념을 고려하고 있지 않아 수몰지역이나 댐주변지역 면적 오차산정 결과보다는 비교적 차이가 크지 않은 것으로 나타났다.

• Spatial Information Research
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.119-131
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• 1999

국내 1:1,000과 1:5,000수치지도의 제작이 완성단계에 이르고 다양한 목적에의 활용이 예상됨에 따라 제작된 수치지도의 위치정확도가 주요한 이슈로 부각되고 있다. 제작자의 측면에서 뿐만 아니라 사용자의 측면에서도 수치지도의 위치정확도는 사용목적에 따른 판단의 기준으로 중요한 의미를 갖는다. 기존 수치지도 위치정확도 측정방법은 대부분 표본점의 추출에 의한 통계량 분석에 기초하고 있으며, 최근에 소개된 선형사상의 위치정확도 측정방법도 실폭으로 표현되는 국내 수치지도 도로사상의 정확도 측정에는 적용하기가 어려운 단점이 있다. 본 연구에서는 1:5,000 수치지도의 도로사상에 대한 위치정확도를 측정할 수 있는 방법과 절차를 개발하고 모든 과정을 상용 GIS 소프트웨어를 이용하여 구현하였다. 또한 사례지역으로 서울시 강남구 일부지역을 선정하여 도로사상의 위치정확도를 분석하였다.

• 대한인간공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한인간공학회 1993년도 춘계학술대회논문집
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• pp.100-109
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• 1993

To investigate the work-relatedness of carpal tunnel syndrome of some workers at packing department in a rayon manufacturing company, reseracher studied the symptoms and physical sign related to carpal tunnel syndrome of the workers at packing, ysrning, and washing department. The results are as follows: 1. By the results of ergonomic study, the packing work had the considerable probability to develop the carpal tunnel syndrome. 2. The prevalences of symptoms, physical sign and case by definition were higher in woman workers than in man workers. 3. In female workers, the age-agjusted prevalence rates of symptoms were 11.6/1, 000 in workers at washing department, 111.6/1, 000 in workers at packing department, and 70.1/1, 000 in workers at yarning department. In male workers, the age- adjusted rates of symptoms were 92.1/1, 000 in workers at washing department, 210.1/1, 000 in workers at packing and delivery department, and 0.0/1, 000 in workers at yarning department. 4. In female workers, the age-adjusted prevalence rates of physical signs were 119.5/1, 000 in workers at washing department, 104.4/1, 000 in workers at packing department, and 84.5 in workers at yarning department. In male workers, the age-adjusted rates of physical signs were 65.7/1, 000 in workers at washing department, 59.0/1, 000 in workers at packing and delivery department, and 176.9/1, 000 in workers at yarning department. 5. In female workers, the age- adjusted prevelence rates of carpal tunnel cases by case definition were 123.1/1, 000 in workers at washing department, 1117.2/1, 000 in workers at packing department, and 60.2/1, 000 in workers at yarning department. In male workers, the age-adjusted of cases were 355.9/1, 000 in workers at packing and delivery department, and 0.0/1, 000 in workers at other two departments. 6. The most of female workdrs at washing departmentn had the work history at packing department. 7. We concluded the carpal tunnel syndrome of female workers at packing department were work related.