• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.23 no.3 s.55
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• pp.123-129
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• 1999

Under the light condition of 25,000 Lux (12 hrs dark and light cycle) with scrapping treatment of aerial mycelia of Cylindrocarpon destructans on potato dextrose agar (PDA), V-8 juice agar, and ginseng extract agar, production of the macroconidia was increased to $3.7\~8.1$ fold over them produced in the dark. They were also produced $7.7\~18.0$ times more in the liquid cultures under the light condition than under the dark as well. PDA and V-8 juice agar among the tested were the best for the macroconidium production. On PDA, 1,585 $macroconidia/mm^2$ were produced under the light of 25,000 Lux with scrapping treatment of aerial mycelia of C. destructans, which is 3.2 and 1.4 times more than those produced under 3,000 and 10,000 Lux, respectively. Meanwhile, $20\~99$ macroconidia/$mm^2$ were produced by the non-scrapping under the light condition between 3,000 Lux and 25,000 Lux. The macroconidia were, however, lysed at $6\~7$ days after being incubated under the above range of the light. They were consisted of $1\~3$ cells in a macroconidium while $69.4\~100\%$ of them were the two-celled and the number did not seem to be affected by either the scrapping or the light. Production of chlamydospore converted from mycelia of C. destructans seemed to be promoted by the light and the scrapping as well. The 1,285 chlamydospres/$mm^2$ were produced with the light (25,000 Lux), which is 2.8 and 1.2 times more than those with 3,000 and 10,000 Lux, respectively. Scrapping the aerial mycelia of the cultures increased the chlamydospore formation to 1.9, 2.5 and 1.4 times more than the non-scrapping under the light intensity of 3,000 Lux, 10,000 Lux, and 25,000 Lux, respectively. On PDA, 1 to 8 chlamydospore(s) per catena were formed by all treatments tested and $34.2\~58.9\%$ of them was a single chlamydospore, However, the numbers was affected by neither the light ($3,000\~25,000$ Lux) nor the scrapping the aerial mycelia.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.30 no.5D
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• pp.523-531
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• 2010

A dam is effective in stable supply of water required in daily life and reduced damage from floods, but there are problems as a lot of land or houses are submerged. Therefore many projects have been conducted in order to improve and support daily life environment surrounding a dam. This study has focused on analyzing how to calculate support working expenses for Dam area by using GIS spatial overlay in addition to effects of scale of a topographic map and reached the following conclusion. First, as a result of areal error in submerged area by scale based on a 1/3,000 digital topographic map, it has been found that a 1/5,000 digital topographic map is 9.5 times more accurate than a 1/25,000 digital topographic map in the total of areal error. Second, as a result of areal error in area surrounding a dam, it has been found that a 1/5,000 digital topographic map is 7.4 times more accurate than a 1/25,000 digital topographic map in the total of areal error. Third, as a result of error of support expense for submerged area, it has been found that a 1/5,000 digital topographic is 15.9 times, 14.7 times and 15.9 times more effective than a 1/25,000 digital topographic map in terms of the total error of support expense, standard error and the total support expense error on the entire project costs in submerged area. In addition, as a result of analysis on error of support expense for area surrounding a dam, it has been found that a 1/5,000 digital topographic map was 10.7 times, 9.6 times and 10.6 times more effective, respectively, in the total error of support expense, standard error and the total error of support expense for the entire project costs in area surrounding a dam compared to a 1/25,000 digital topographic map. Lastly, as a result of error of the entire project costs for area surrounding a dam, it has been found that a 1/5,000 digital topographic map was 1.4 times, 1.3 times and 1.4 times more effective, respectively, in the total error of support expense, standard error and the total error of the entire project costs compared to a 1/25,000 digital topographic map, but it was not much different from the result of calculating areal error in submerged area or area surrounding a dam because population item didn't consider areal concept.

• Proceedings of the KOR-BRONCHOESO Conference
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• 1976.06a
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• pp.85.1-85
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• 1976

Audiological evaluation was performed for 184 female weavers (351 ears), who were 18~25 years old and have been working under exposure of 103~105 ㏈a of machinary noise. With the duration of employment, they were divided into five groups; under 1 year, 1~2 years, 2~3 years, 3~4 years and over 4 years. The following results were obtained: 1. The incidence ;of noise induced hearing loss was 39.7% (36.2% of ears) and rapidly increased during first 1~2 years. 2. The average maximum hearing loss on the pure tone audiograms appeared at 4,000Hz with .about 40 ㏈ of hearing level. The average hearing level at high frequencies(3,000Hz~8,000Hz) showed below 25㏈ of hearing level in all groups and had the tendency to increase slightly with the duration of working, but the most of hearing losses developed during first one year except at 8,000Hz. 3. The average hearing level at speech frequencies was within normal range but the cases of hearing level over 25 ㏈ at 2,000Hz was 27.1%. 4. The cases with maximum hearing loss at 4,000Hz were 72.7%, but the cases of maximum hearing loss at the other frequencies (3,000Hz, 6,000Hz .and 8,000Hz) were also observed and they increased slightly in numbers with the duration of working. The noise induced hearing loss under the exposure of 103~105㏈a for 5 years, seemed to develope during first 1~2 years and there after slightly .increased hearing loss was showed but no remarkable changes were observed.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2007.03a
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• pp.283-287
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• 2007

기존 국토환경성펴가지도는 1:25,000 축적을 기본으로 하고 있어 전국이나 광역 차원의 환경성 평가나 개발 가능지 분석, 거시적인 지역의 확인 및 중첩분석시 용이하나 지역 차원의 개발계획 수립부문에서의 활용도를 높일 필요성이 제기 되었다. 본 연구의 목적은 연구지역을 선정하여 기 구축된 국토환경성평가지도의 동일 방법론 및 주제도를 활용하여 1:5,000 축적의 국토환경성평가지도를 재구축고, Vector형태 및 필지단위론 재평가를 실시하여, 1:25,000 축적의 국토환경성평가지도와의 평과 결과를 비교${\cdot}$분석하는데 있다. 연구결과, 기 구축된 연구지역의 1:25,000축적 국토환경성평가지도 등급별 면적 비율은 1등급 23.3등급 29.4%, 3등급 23.9% 4등급 11.7%, 5등급 11.8%를 보이고 있으며, 신규 구축된 연구지역의 1:5,000 축적 국토환경성평가지도 등급별 면적 비율은 1등급 29.3%, 2등급 21.7%, 3등급 17.2%, 4등급 7.1%, 5등급 24.7%이다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.102-106
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• 2008

This study is to evaluated the impact of varying spatial resolutions of DEM (2 m, 10 m, and 30 m), land use (QuickBird, 1/25,000 and Landsat), and soil data (1/25,000 and 1/50,000) on the uncertainty of Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) predicted streamflow, sediment, T-N, and T-P transport in a small agricultural watershed ($1.21\;km^2$). SWAT model was adopted and the model was calibrated for a $255.4\;km^2$ watershed using 30 m DEM, Landsat land use, and 1/25,000 soil data. The model was run with the combination of three DEM, land use, and soil map respectively. The SWAT model was calibrated for 2 years (1999-2000) using daily streamflow and monthly water quality (SS, T-N, T-P) records from 1999 to 2000, and verified for another 2 years (2001-2002). The average Nash and Sutcliffe model efficiency was 0.59 for streamflow and the root mean square error were 2.08, 4.30 and 0.70 tons/yr for sediment, T-N and T-P respectively. The hydrological results showed that output uncertainty was biggest by spatial resolution of land use. Streamflow increase the watershed average CN value of QucikBird land use was 0.4 and 1.8 higher than those of 1/25,000 and Landsat land use caused increase of streamflow.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.1-10
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• 2003

RUSLE(revised universal soil loss equation) has been widely used for estimating soil loss. It is very difficult to validate the model estimation since the calculated soil loss should be compared with the survey data for quantification. The input variables for RUSLE model were estimated to grid cell for raster analysis in Bosung basin. Both reconnaissance(1:250,000) and detailed(1:25,000) soil maps were used to derive the input variables for soil erodibility factor. Soil loss calculated using RUSLE were compared to the unit sediment deposit surveyed by KICT(Korea Institute of Construction Technology, 1992) in Bosung basin for assessment. Unit sediment deposit from the cell size of 120m and 150m were the closest to the survey data in 1:250,000 and 1:25,000 map scale, respectively.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry, and Cartography Conference
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• 2006.04a
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• pp.405-410
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• 2006

The digital map version 2.0 is national base map which is used for frame work data, paper map making as well as geographic information system. National Geographic Institude has been research to make small scale digital map by using large scale digital map. NGI made from 25 1/5,000 digital maps to one 1/25,000 digital map ver 2.0 with map generalization system in 2003. However, they could not make 1/10,000 and l/50,000 digital map version 2.0 because of There is no portrayal on the scale 1/10,000 and 1/50,000 digital map in the existing regulations. therefore. We create the specification of the digital map on scale in order to make small scale digital map version 2.0 such as 1/10,000 and 1/50,000 scale.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.37-44
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• 2003

This study is focused on development of generalization processing for 1/25,000 digital mapping using l/5,000 digital map. The generalization processing for digital map included in spatial and attribute information consists of 3 steps. The first, elimination of layer which is not included in 1/25,000 feature code. The second, classification of 8 feature codes. The third, merging of spatial and attribute information. Therefore using generalization workflow developed in this project, automatic generalization system will develope optimal in the future and also contribute product to small scale digital map and thematic map.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.91-97
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• 2019

In automatic map generalization, the formalization of cartographic principles is important. This study proposes and evaluates the selection method for road network generalization that analyzes existing maps using reverse engineering and formalizes the selection rules for the road network. Existing maps with a 1:5,000 scale and a 1:25,000 scale are compared, and the criteria for selection of the road network data and the relative importance of each network object are determined and analyzed using $T{\ddot{o}}pfer^{\prime}s$ Radical Law as well as the logistic regression model. The selection model derived from the analysis result is applied to the test data, and road network data for the 1:25,000 scale map are generated from the digital topographic map on a 1:5,000 scale. The selected road network is compared with the existing road network data on the 1:25,000 scale for a qualitative and quantitative evaluation. The result indicates that more than 80% of road objects are matched to existing data.

• Neonatal Medicine
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.25-35
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• 2009

Purpose: The characteristics of hospitalized patients in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs), including hospitalization costs (HC) and National Health Insurance (NHI) status were studied. Methods: We gathered the following data from 7 hospitals in Korea during 2006: the distribution of patients according to birth weight (BW), and the duration of the hospital stay according to BW and He. Results: The patients who were admitted to the NICU consisted of high-risk neonates, including low birth weight or premature neonates, which comprised 50% of all neonates admitted to the NICU. The duration of hospitalization was 75-90 days for neonates with BW <1,000 g, 45-60 days for neonates with BW between 1,000 and 1,499 g, and approximately 15 days for neonates with BW between 2,000 and 2,499 g. The portion of the HC covered by the NHI was 77.1%, 22.9% of the total HC was not covered by the NHI (19.5% was included in the list, but not covered by the NHI and 3.4% was not listed, but covered by the NHI). The average total HC per person was 4,360,000 won, and the HC covered and not covered by the NHI were 3,677,000 won and 1,007,000 won, respectively. The mean HC were as follows; 35,000,000 won for a BW <500 g, 18,000,000 won for a BW between 500 and 999 g, 16,000,000 won for a BW between 1,000 and 1,499 g, and 4,200,000 won for a BW between 1,500 and 1,999 g. Conclusion: Not only premature, but also ill neonates were under the care of the NICU. The HC increased as the BW decreased and the hospitalization period increased. The proportion of the patient's financial burden is >25% of the total He. For this matter, additional NHI is needed.