• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.711-718
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• 2014

In this paper, the mechanical property change was investigated by adding 1,4-butanediol as chain extender of polyurethane dispersion for leather coating. Reagents for the synthesis were polypropylene glycol(PPG), isoporon diisocyanate(IPDI), dimethylolpropionic acid(DMPA) and 1,4-BD. All samples showed good solvent resistance and flexibility by different content of the 1,4-BD. As results, samples which contains a lot of 1,4-BD showed good properties whth strength of $1.80kg_f/mm^2$ and abrasion test measurement of 49.54 mg.loss. According to elongation test, the sample which contains low amount of 1,4-BD was good property as 364 %.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.9-16
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• 1995

Biodegradable poly (I ,4-butanediol succinate) (PBS) was synthesized from 1,4-butanediol and succinic anhydride. The glass transition temperature of poly (I, 4-butanediol succinate) was revealed at $73^{\circ}C$. The crystallization and cold crystallization of the polymers were investigated as a function of holding time in melt state, cooling rate. reheating, and molecular weight. Chain scission and/or cmsslinking did not occur in the melt state at var.ious holding times. Slower scanning rate can allow more times for nucleation, rearrangement, and packing of the polymer chain, so the onset temperature of crystallization from the melt was increased. PBS crystallized from the melt was found to have spherulitic structure. The degradation behavior of PBS was studied under basic conditions and with microorganisms using the modified ASTM method. In the basic solution. PBS lost up to 85% of its mass within two days. Based upon visual observation, the crystalline structure of films composed of larger molecular weight polymers retained their crystallinity longer than similar structures in low molecular weight samples.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.57-63
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• 2003

An intermediate, tetramethylene bis (orthophosphate), was prepared by the esterification of pyrophosphoric acid and l,4-butanediol. Then pyrophosphoric-containing modified polyesters (ATTBs) were synthesized by polycondensation of tetramethylene bis(orthophosphate), trimethylolpropane, adipic acid, and l,4-butanediol. The content of l,4-butanediol was varied from 10 to 20wt% for the reaction. The increase of the amount of l,4-butanediol in the synthesis of ATTBs resulted in increase in average molecular weight and decrease in kinematic viscosity owing to the excellent flowability and reactivity of l,4-butanediol.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.41-46
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• 1992

The transesterification of dimethylphthalate by 1,4-butanediol was kinetically investigated In the presence of various metal acetate catalysts at 180$^{\circ}C$. The quantity of dimethylphthalate reacted in the reaction flask was measured by gas chromatography. The transesterification was assumed to obey first-order kinetics with respect to dimethylphthalate and 1,4-butanediol, and a rate equation was derived. The linear relationship was shown between apparent rate constant and reciprocal absolute temperature, the activation energy has been calculated as 7.4kcal with lead acetate. The maximum reaction rate was appeared at the range of 1.5${\sim}$1.6 of electronegativity of metal ions.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.415-421
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• 2009

Esterification reaction between succinic acid[SA] and 1,4-butanediol [BD} was kinetically investigated in the presence of organic metal catalysts (alkyl-silver oxide(ASO),CAT 100E) at $150{\sim}190^{\circ}C$. The reaction rates measured by the amount of distilled water from the reaction vessel. The esterification reaction was carried out under the first order kinetics with respect to the concentration of reactants and catalyst, respectively. The overall reaction order was 2nd. From the examination of relationship between apparent reaction rate constants and reciprocal absolute temperature, the activation energy has been calculate as 146.70 kJ/mol with ASO catalyst and 43.04 kJ/mol with CAT 100E catalyst.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.39 no.7
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• pp.642-648
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• 2002

Barium Titanate(BaTiO$_3$) nanoparticles were prepared at 22$0^{\circ}C$ through glycothermal process by using barium hydroxide and amorphous titanium hydrous gel as precursor and 1,4-butanediol and distilled water as solvent. It is demonstrated that the size of BaTiO$_3$ particles can be controlled by reaction conditions such as various content of 1,4-butanediol/distilled water volume ratio. This processing method can fabricate BaTiO$_3$ powders, which have a narrow distribution and exhibit good dispersion. The particle size of BaTiO$_3$ powders obtained by glycothermal process were about 50 nm to 200 nm on the condition that reaction temperature was 22$0^{\circ}C$ and holding time was 24 h.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.6-13
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• 2010

Esterification reaction between succinic acid and 1,4-butanediol was kinetically investigated in the presence of nontoxic organometallic compound catalyst(ESCAT-100E) at $150-190^{\circ}C$. The reaction rates measured by the amount of distilled water from the reaction vessel. The Esterification reaction was carried out under the first order conditions respect to the concentration of reactants, respectively. The overall reaction order was 2nd. The linear relationship was shown between apparent reaction rate constant and reciprocal absolute temperature. By the Arrhenius plot the activation energy have been calculated as 376.13 kJ/mol under nontoxic organometallic compound catalyst and also apparent reaction rate constant, k' was found to obey first kinetics with respect to the concentration of catalyst.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.362-369
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• 2009

Esterification reaction between succinic acid and 1,4-butanediol was kinetically investigated in the presence of monobutyl tinoxide catalysts at $150{\sim}190^{\circ}C$. The reaction rates measured by the amount of distilled water from the reaction vessel. The esterification reaction was carried out under the first order conditions with respect to the concentration of reactants, respectively. The overall reaction order was 2nd. The linear relationship was shown between apparent reaction rate constant and reciprocal absolute temperature. By the Arrhenius plot the activation energy have been calculated as 87.567 kJ/mol under monobutyl tinoxide catalyst and also apparent reaction rate constant, k' was found to obey first kinetics with respect to the concentration of catalyst.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.56 no.1
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• pp.103-111
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• 2018

Transesterification of BHET (Bis (2-Hydroxyethyl) Terephthalate), monomer of PET (Poly Ethylene Terephthalate) to BHBT (Bis (4-Hydroxybutyl Terephthate), monomer of PBT (Poly Butylene Terephthalate), using 1,4-BD (1,4-butanediol) were investigated. Zinc acetate was used as a catalyst for the reaction. Amounts of BHET, EG, and THF (Tetrahydrofuran) in a batch reactor were measured for determining the reaction kinetics. Mathematical models of the batch reactor for the transesterification reaction were developed and used to characterize the reaction kinetics and the composition distribution of the reaction products. Model predictions for the transesterification were in good agreement with experimental results.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.358-362
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• 2004

Characteristics of cell growth and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate) [P(3HB-co-4HB)] synthesis was investigated through flask and batch cultures of Alcaligenes latus and Comamonas acidovorans. The specific growth rate of C. acidovorans increased with yeast extract concentration and decreased with 1,4-butanediol concentration. Optimum glucose concentration for growth of C. acidovorans was 20 g/L. In one-step flask cultures of C. acidovorans, final dry cell weight and PHA content decreased with the ratio of 1,4-butanediol to glucose, while the 4HB fraction in copolymers gradually increased to 100 $mol\%$ with an initial 1,4-butanediol concentration of 20 g/L as single carbon source. The specific growth rate of A. latus decreased with v-butyrolactone concentration and optimum sucrose concentration for growth was 10 g/L. In batch cultures of A. latus, 4HB fraction increased with initial v-butyrolactone concentration. P(3HB-co-4HB) with 19 $mol\%$ 4HB was obtained when the initial ratio of v-butyloractone (g/L) to sucrose (g/L) was 10 : 10.