• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제53권4호
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• pp.463-467
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• 2015

We investigated catalytic activity of ion-exchange resins in acetalization of 1,2-propylene glycol with acetaldehyde. The impacts of reaction variables, such as temperature, reaction time, catalyst loading and feedstock composition, on the conversion of 1,2-propylene glycol were measured. The life of the catalyst was also studied. Furthermore, the reaction kinetics of 1,2-propylene glycol acetalization was studied. It was found that reaction rate followed the first-order kinetics to acetaldehyde and 1,2-propylene glycol, respectively. Therefore, overall acetalization reaction should follow the second-order reaction kinetics, expressed as. Key words: 1,2-propylene Glycol, 2,4-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolane, Ion-exchange Resin, Polyhydroxy Compounds, Acetalization $r=kC^{nA}_AC^{nB}_B=19.74e^{\frac{-6650}{T}}C^1_AC^1_B$.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.47-52
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• 1981

The purpose of this study is to determine the antibacterial effect of Dilute Formocresol and Eugenol and Propylene glycol. The experimental drugs are Formocresol in Propylene glycol (5, 10, 20%) and Eugenol in Propylene glycol (50, 75, 100%) and Propylene glycol. The organisms selected for study were Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Bacillus subtilis which are found in infected root canals and are highly resistant to antiseptics. Isolated bacteria were inoculated on blood agar plate and the plates were incubated at $37^{\circ}C$ for 18 hours and the zones of inhibition then measured. The results were as follows ; 1. The antibacterial action of Formocresol was effective even at 5-10 percent and the action increased when higher concentration was used. 2. The antibacterial action of Eugenol was not effective and the action decreased when higher concentration was used. 3. Propylene glycol itself possessed some antibacterial properties and showed that the antibacterial action of Propylene glycol might be almost the same as that of Eugenol. 4. Among the experimental organisms, Pseudomonas aeruginosa was found to be the most resistant to all the experimental drugs.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제54권1호
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• pp.105-109
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• 2010

Propylene glycol을 첨가제로 사용하여 HEMA (2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate)와 교차결합제인 EGDMA (ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) 그리고 개시제인 AIBN(azobisisobutyronitrile)을 사용하여 공중합 하였다. 생성된 고분자의 물리적 특성을 측정한 결과, 함수율 37.06~38.71%, 굴절률 1.492~1.432, 가시광선 투과율 89.4~91.5%, 인장강도 0.1416~0.2302 kgf 그리고 접촉각의 경우 $38.60{\sim}53.53^{\circ}$ 범위의 분포를 나타내었다. 따라서 propylene glycol을 첨가한 콘택트렌즈 재료의 경우, 기본적인 콘택트렌즈의 물성을 만족하였으며 함수율의 큰 변화를 나타내지 않으면서도 습윤성과 인장강도를 증가시키는 결과를 보여주었다.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.27-30
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• 1989

The fast separation and determination of cefatrizine${\cdot}$propylene glycol and inmpurities - TACA: 7-amino-3-(1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)thiomethyl-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid and 7-ACA; 7-amino cephalosporanic acid - was performed by the high poerformance liquid chromatography using octadecyl siland (ODS) column. Methanol and ammonium phosphate buffer [$0.03M(NH_4)_2\;HPO_4$, (pH 7.5)] was used analyze, as eluent. The experimental value of the contents of cefatrizine${\cdot}$propylene glycol and impurities agree with the theoretical value of those.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.380-385
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• 2009

평판형 교반기를 사용하여 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol(AMP)가 용해된 methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, n-butanol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, 및 propylene carbonate와 같은 극성 용매에서 이산화탄소($CO_2$)의 흡수속도를 측정하였다. $CO_2$의 흡수속도와 carbamate 생성 반응 메커니즘을 사용하여 기-액 불균일반응계의 빠른 반응영역에서 $CO_2$-AMP의 반응속도론을 해석하였으며 용매의 용해도 매개변수와 반응속도상수와의 상관관계를 제시하였다.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.45-49
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• 2003

The solubility and stability of ondansetron hydrochloride (OS) in various vehicles were determined. The effect of cyclodextrins (CD) on the solubility of OS in water was determined by equilibrium solubility method. The solubility of OS at $32^{\circ}C$ increased in the rank order of isopropyl myristate (IPM) < propylene glycol laurate (PGL) ${\ll}$ propylene glycol monolaurate < propylene glycol monocaprylate (PGMC) < poly(ethylene glycol) 400 < diethylene glycol mono ethyl ether (DGME) < ethanol < poly(ethylene glycol) 300 < water (36.1 mg/ml) ${\ll}$ propylene glycol (PG) (283 mg/ml). The addition of PG or DGME to non-aqueous vehicles such as IPM, PGL and PGMC markedly increased the solubility of OS. The addition of CDs in water increased the solubility. Apparent stability constant for the CD complexation with OS was calculated to be $25.5\;M^{-1}$ for $2-hydroxypropyl-{\beta}-CD\;(2HP{\beta}CD)$. Twenty mM ${\beta}-CD$, 69.4 mM sulfobutyl ether ${\beta}-CD$ and 115.4 mM $2HP{\beta}CD$ increased the aqueous solubilty of OS 1.27, 2.18 and 1.85 times, respectively. OS was stable in buffered aqueous solution (pH 5.0). However, OS was relatively unstable in non-aqueous vehicles in the order of PG

• 멤브레인
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.250-257
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• 2004

이산화탄소 분리에 이용하기 위하여 PEG (Poly(ethylene glycol)diacrylate)와 PPG (Poly(propylene glycol) diacrylate)를 광학 중합반응(Photopoly merization)을 이용하여 제조하였다. PEG와 PPG는 분자량이 각각 258과 540이었다. PEG와 PPG의 질량 혼합비(wt%)를 9:1, 8:2, 7:3, 6:4, 5:5로 변화시키면서 막을 제조하였다. $25^{\circ}C$에서 PEG/PPG (9:1)의 이산화탄소 투과도는 28.9 barrel 으로 나타났으며, 선택도($PCO_2$/$PN_2$)는 57.9로 나타났다. 같은 온도에서 PEG/PPG(5:5)로 조성을 변화시켰을 때 이산화탄소 투과도는 40.4 Barrer, 기체선택도($PCO_2$/$PN_2$)는 51.8를 나타냈다 이산화탄소의 투과도는 5:5 > 6:4 > 7:3 > 8:2 > 9:1의 경향을 나타내었다. $35^{\circ}C$로 승온을 하는 경우에 PEG/PPG (9:1)는 45.4 Baller, 선택도($PCO_2$/$PN_2$)는 48.2을 나타냈으며, PEG/PPG (5:5)의 이산화탄소 투과도는 78.9 Barrer을 나타내고 선택도($PCO_2$/$PN_2$)는 33.2로 나타났다. 각각의 온도에서 이산화탄소의 기체선택도($PCO_2$/$PN_2$)는 PPG의 함량이 증가하면서 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다.

• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한약학회 2003년도 Proceedings of the Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea Vol.2-2
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• pp.234.1-234.1
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• 2003

The effects of vehicles and penetration enhancers on the in vitro permeation of ketorolac tromethamine (KT) across excised hairless mouse skins were investigated. Among pure vehicles examined, propylene glycol monolaurate (PGML) showed the highest permeation flux, which was 94.3${\pm}$17.3 mg/cm$^2$/hr. Even though propylene glycol monocaprylate (PGMC) alone did not show high permeation rate, the skin permeability of DT was markedly increased by the addition of diethylene glycol monoethyl ether (DGME); the enhancement factors were 19.0 and 17.1 at 20 and 40% of DGME, respectively. (omitted)

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.957-963
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• 1999

두부의 냉동저장중에 일어나는 단백질 변성과 이로 인하여 일어나는 조직감 열화현상을 완화하기 위하여 항냉동제 첨가 두부의 제조 공정을 개발하고 항냉동제 최적 배합비율과 첨가량을 조사하였다. 여러 가지 항냉동제를 첨가하여 비압착 두부를 제조하여 냉동저장한 후 다시 해동한 냉동저장 두부의 조직감 변화를 반응표면분석법(RSM)으로 분석하고 관능검사 결과와 비교하였다. 냉동으로 인한 두부의 조직감 변화를 최소화하는데는 glucose, glycerol, sorbitol, sodium tripolyphosphate가 단일 항냉동제로서 효과가 있었으며, glycerol과 sodium tripolyphosphate 사이에서는 상호작용도 있는 것으로 나타났다. 결론적으로 냉동두부에 항냉동제를 단독으로 첨가하는 것보다는 여러 가지를 혼합하여 첨가하는 것이 두부조직의 열화방지에 더 효과적인 것으로 나타났다. 조직감 변화만을 고려한 절단시험의 RSM을 통하여 계산된 냉동두부의 항냉동제 최적 첨가량은 glucose 2.1%, glycerol 6.9%. sorbitol 2.1%, propylene glycol 0.4%, sodium tripolyphosphate 0.3% 이었으며, 조직감과 함께 맛과 향까지 고려한 전체 기호도 조사에 의한 항냉동제 최적 첨가량은 glucose 1%, glycerol 2%, sor-bitol 1%, propylene glycol 0.2%, sodium tripolyphosphate 0.5% 이었다.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.167-172
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• 1990

This study was carried out to clarify the effects of various kinds of cryoprotectants which were frequently used in freezing embryos of domestic animals on the survival of frozen-thawed mouse embryos. Mouse embryos were collected by hyperstimulation induction of ICR mouse. The samples were slowly cooled ($l^{\circ}C/min$) to temperatures between $-7^{\circ}C$ and $-30^{circ}C$ before direct transfer to liquid nitrogen ($-196^{\circ}C$) and thawed rapidly ($-500^{\circ}C$/min). As cryoprotectants, Glycerol, DMSO, Ethylene glycol and Propylene glycol were used and applied each 2 cell, 8 cell, morula in embryo stage. After normal mouse embryos developed to blastocyst by in vitro culture, we observed recovery rate and developing rate of embryos at thawing. The results obtained in these experiments were as follows : 1. The in vitro development rate from the frozen-thawed 2 cell embryos to the blastocyst were 67.7% in ethylene glycol, 65.7% in Propylene glycol, 55.2% in glycerol and 50.0% in DMSO respectively. 2. The in vitro development rate from the frozen-thawed 8 cell embryos to the blastocyst were 83.6% in DMSO, 75.7% in glycerol, 52.2% in propylene glycol respectively. 3. The in vitro development rate from the frozen-thawed morula to the blastocyst were 84.2% in glycerol, 80.0% in DMSO, 66.6% in propylene glycol and 55.2% in ethylene glycol respectively.