• Animal Bioscience
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• v.35 no.8
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• pp.1279-1288
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• 2022

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate antioxidant activities of cinnamon (Cinnamomum cassia) extracts (extracted with different solvents) at various concentrations and to determine product quality of raw chicken patties added with different levels of cinnamon powder (CP) and oyster mushroon powder (OMP) during storage. Methods: After cinnamon was made into oven dried CP and extracted with water and different levels (50%, 80%, and 100%) of ethanol, antioxidant activities of these extracts were determined. CP and OMP were combined at different levels and added to raw chicken patties. Physicochemical properties and microbial counts were measured during refrigerated storage. Results: Cinnamon ethanol (80%) extract showed the highest (p<0.05) by 2,2-diphenyl-1picrylhydrazyl-radical scavenging activity and reducing power. Cinnamon water extract (CWE) had the highest iron chelating ability (p<0.05), while CP 100% ethanol extract had the highest content of total phenolic compound. Then, CP and OMP were applied to chicken patties at different levels (0.1% to 0.2%). After the addition of CPs, pH, L* (lightness), 2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substance, and volatile basic nitrogen values were decreased, whereas a* (redness) and b* (yellowness) values were increased. Microbial counts of total bacteria and Enterobacteriaceace were decreased with the addition of CP 0.2% regardless of the OMP level. Conclusion: The addition of CP in combination with OMP can increase the shelf-life of chicken patties during storage.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.245-249
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• 2010

As part of ongoing study focused on the discovery of natural antioxidants from Korean plants by measuring the DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging effect and superoxide quenching activity, methanol extract of Cedrela sinensis (Meliaceae) was found to show potent antioxidant activities. Subsequent activity-guided fractionation of the methanolic extract led to the isolation of four phenolic compounds, (+)-catechin (1), (-)-epicatechin (2), catechin-($4{\alpha}{\rightarrow}8$)-catechin (3) and catechin-($4{\alpha}{\rightarrow}8$)-epicatechin (4). Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic studies. These compounds showed the significant antioxidative effects on DPPH. In riboflavin originated superoxide quenching activity, four compounds exhibited the formation of the blue formazan in a dose dependant manner.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.737-744
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• 2010

This study was performed to examine the quality and antioxidant activity of muffin containing black garlic extract powder that was stored for 9 days at room temperature. Black garlic extract powder was added to the muffin batter at concentrations of 0, 1, 4, 8, and 12%. Specific gravities of muffin batters increased as black garlic extract powder increased, whereas, height and specific volume of the muffins decreased. For the color of muffin crust and crumb, lightness decreased as the level of garlic extract powder increased, whereas redness and yellowness increased. For sensory evaluation, the color, flavor, softness, and chewiness of the muffins containing 1% black garlic extract powder were superior compared to those of other samples. Scores for taste and overall acceptability were the highest in muffin containing 4% black garlic extract powder. The antioxidant activity of muffins measured by DPPH(2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging assay increased as the level of black garlic extract powder increased. Further, the TBARS(thiobarbutric acid reactive substance) content of the muffins containing various levels of black garlic extract powder was lower than that of control.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.82-85
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• 2006

Eucommia ulmoides bark extracts by cold water, boiling water, 100% EtOH, 70% EtOH, 100% MeOH, 70% MeOH and $CHCl_3$ were assayed for their medicinal effects. The antioxidant activity of the extracts ranged from $IC_{50}$ 125.2 to $IC_{50}\;872.7{\mu}g/ml$ in the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DDPH) free radical-scavenging assay, and cold water extracts had the highest antioxidant activity. $CHCl_3$ extracts had the highest inhibitory effect on angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) giving inhibition of up to 56.4% at a concentration of 1 mg/ml. Extracts in 100% EtOH had the greatest inhibitory effect on $\acute{a}-amylase$ activity ($IC_{50}=174.6{\mu}g/ml$), and 70% MeOH extracts had the greatest inhibitory effect on ${\alpha}-glucosidase$ activity ($IC_{50}=14.0{\mu}g/ml$). Taken together, these results provided the in vitro evidence on the ACE, amylase and glucosidase inhibitory actions of E. ulmoides bark that form the pharmacological basis for its antihypertensive and antidiabetic action.

• Plant Resources
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.47-53
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• 2004

Several wild plant species are known to contain biologically active substances that are allelopathic to weed species as well as antioxidant to foods. Plant extracts or residues from leaves of 4 species, Achyranthes japonica (speedwell), Cucumis sativus (Cucumber), Trifolium repens (white clover), and Vicia angustifolia (narrowleaf vetch) were bioassayed against Medicago sativa (alfalfa) or Echinochloa crus-galli (barnyard grass) to determine their allelopathic effects, and used for measurement of antioxidant activities. The aqueous extracts applied on filter paper significantly inhibited root growth of alfalfa. Aqueous extracts or residues from V. angustifolia showed the most inhibitory effect on alfalfa or barnyard grass seedling growth and followed by A. japonica and T. repens. Oxidative stability by Rancimat method, antioxidant activity by TBA (2-thiobarbituric acid) method and DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging activity for the ground samples or methanol extracts were the greatest in V. angustifolia, although were less than those of commonly used antioxidants, BHT (butylated hydroxytoluene) and ascorbic acid. These results suggest that the wild plant species had potent allelopathic and antioxidant activities, and that their activities differed depending on plant species.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.188-194
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• 2017

Background: Fermented black ginseng (FBG) is processed ginseng by the repeated heat treatment and fermentation of raw ginseng. The protective effect and mechanism of FBG on cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity was investigated to evaluate its therapeutic potential. Methods: The free radical scavenging activity of FBG was measured using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). In addition, the protective effect against cisplatin-induced renal damage was tested in rats. FBG was orally administered every day at a dose of 150 mg/kg body weight for 10 d, and a single dose of cisplatin was administered intraperitoneally (7.5 mg/kg body weight) with 0.9% saline on the $4^{th}$ d. Results: The DPPH radical-scavenging activity of FBG ($IC_{50}=384{\mu}g/mL$) was stronger than that of raw ginseng. The improved DPPH radical-scavenging activity was mediated by the generation phenolic compounds. The decreased cell viability by cisplatin was recovered significantly after treatment with FBG in a dose-dependent manner. Then, the protective effect of FBG on cisplatin-induced oxidative renal damage was investigated in rats. The decreased creatinine clearance levels, which are a reliable marker for renal dysfunction in cisplatin-treated rats, were reduced to the normal level after the administration of FBG. Moreover, FBG showed protective effects against cisplatin-induced oxidative renal damage in rats through the inhibition of $NF-{\kappa}B/p65$, COX-2, and caspase-3 activation. Conclusion: These results collectively show that the therapeutic evidence for FBG ameliorates the nephrotoxicity via regulating oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.188-195
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• 2013

Antioxidants are an important group of medicinal preventive compounds as well as being food additives inhibiting detrimental changes of easily oxidizable nutrients. The present investigation has been carried out to evaluate the antioxidant properties of different solvent extracts of Agriophyllum pungens seeds by various in vitro systems. The antioxidative activities of these samples were determined using four methods: 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'- azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging activity, ferric-reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP), and hydroxyl (OH) radical scavenging activities. Additionally, total flavonoids and phenolic contents (TPC) were also determined. Yield of extracts varied widely among solvents and was the highest for water extract (5.642% based on dry weight basis), while ethyl acetate extract exhibited the highest total phenolic content (0.149 mg/mL), total flavonoid content (0.111 mg/mL), and antioxidant activities (P<0.05). The ABTS radical scavenging activity of A. pungens seeds occurred in the following order: ascorbic acid (92.9157%)>BHA (90.1503%)> ${\alpha}$-tocopherol (87.7527%)>APEA (83.9887%) >APWR (75.5633%); the antioxidant activity of the extracts might be attributed to the presence of these phenolics. This suggests that A. pungens seed extract is a potential source of natural antioxidants, which could be added to dietary supplements to help prevent oxidative stress.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.92-99
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• 2003

A 96-well plate was applied to determine the DPPH free radical scavenging activity using 107 plant-specific enzyme inhibitors and 100 unknown plant-originated extracts. The final optimum volume was $250{\mu}L$ containing $100{\mu}M$ DPPH ethanolic solution at pH 7.8. In this condition, the radical scavenging activities were significantly increased by two known antioxidants consisting of ascorbate and a-tocopherol in a concentration-dependent manner. Among the 107 inhibitors, ampicillin and gallic acid showed 90.2% and 92.6% antioxidant activity at $100{\mu}M$, respectively, and these results were consisted with previous findings. In the tested 100 natural materials at $50{\mu}g/mL$, antioxidant activity of AT-407 resulted in the highest of 90.1%, and 10 extracts including AT-388 and AT-443 showed over 70%. Our results suggest that the use of 96-well plate for determining DPPH free radical scavenging activity would be a suitable method to select antioxidant-like substances of both synthetic compounds and natural products.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2024

In this study, a quercetin benton gel (QUERPLEX) that stabilized quercetin was prepared using organo hectorite, and its efficacy was confirmed. In addition, a comparative study was conducted on the stability and effectiveness of applying this to sunscreen cosmetics. It was confirmed that QUERPLEX remained stable without showing crystal precipitation and growth for 4 weeks. As a result of measuring antioxidant activity using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), it showed antioxidant activity depending on the concentration, and showed a radical elimination ability of 70% or more at a concentration of 2,500 ppm or more, confirming a significant effect. Anti-inflammatory activity experiments using RAW 264.7 cells confirmed that NO production decreased in a concentration-dependent manner by reducing NO production by 8% at 25 ㎍/mL, 23% at 50 ㎍/mL, and 84% at 100 ㎍/mL. As a result of confirming the stability of the formulation according to the method of quercetin in the sunscreen formulation, the stability of the formulation was improved when quercetin was added directly to the formulation. It also improved the UV protection index on in vitro and in vivo, which is expected to have the potential as a component that can have a new boosting effect on UV protection. These results suggest that organo hectorite is very effective as a quercetin carrier and that it can be applied in cosmetic formulations by not only expressing the efficacy of quercetin but also bringing about additional effects.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.588-595
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• 2019

This study was carried out to investigate the total polyphenol content and DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging activity of hot water (EIW) and 80% ethanol (EIE) extracts of Enteromorpha intestinalis and the quality characteristics of Topokkidduk prepared with different amounts (0, 1, 3, and 5%) of Enteromorpha intestinalis powder (EIP). The total polyphenol contents of the EIW and EIE extracts were 2.04 and 6.73 mg tannic acid equivalents (TAE)/g, respectively. The DPPH radical scavenging activities of EIW and EIE were markedly increased in a dose-dependent manner, and were about 19.74% and 81.69%, respectively, at 10 mg/ml. The moisture content was higher at 0% EIP (p<0.05). The L value and the a value of Topokkidduk significantly decreased when the amounts of EIP increased (p<0.05), but the b value of Topokkidduk significantly increased when the amounts of EIP increased (p<0.05). Hardness, chewiness, adhesiveness, springiness, and brittleness increased with increasing EIP concentration. The cohesiveness was higher at 3% EIP, but no significant difference was noted between 0% and 1% EIP. The total polyphenol content and DPPH radical scavenging activity significantly increased upon addition of EIP (p<0.05). A sensory evaluation revealed a higher color, texture, and taste of Topokkidduk in groups containing 0% EIP, but the flavor was highest for Topokkidduk with 0% EIP added. Overall acceptability was higher at 0% EIP, but no significant difference was noted between 0 and 1%. These results suggest that Enteromorpha intestinalis has great potential as a source for natural health products.