• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.1023-1028
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• 2007

This study was designed to determine whether dietary glutinous barley (GB) affects lipid metabolism in middle-aged rats previously fed a high-fat diet. To induce obesity, 20 male 9-month-old Sprague Dawley rats were raised for 1 month on a diet containing 20%(w/w) lipid. The rats were allocated to 1 of 2 groups of 10 rats each and for the subsequent 2 months were fed an 8%(w/w) lipid diet containing well-milled rice (WMR) or GB powder. Rats fed the GB diet had significantly lower concentrations of plasma triglyceride, plasma total cholesterol, and liver cholesterol than rats fed the WMR diet. Fecal excretions of triglyceride and bile acids were significantly greater for the GB group than for the WMR group. In conclusion, dietary GB has positive effects on lipid metabolism: it decreases plasma cholesterol concentration by increasing fecal excretion of bile acids.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.634-642
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• 2006

연근의 생리활성을 구명하기 위하여, in vitro에서 HMG-CoA reductase 저해능과 in vivo 에서 고콜레스테롤식이로 유발된 흰쥐의 고콜레스테롤혈증 개선효능을 실험하여 검토하였다. In vitro 에서 연근 에탄올 추출물은 HMG-CoA reductase 활성을 농도 의존적으로 저해하였다. In vivo 에서 고콜레스테롤 식이로 유발된 고콜레스테롤혈증 예방효과는 고콜레스테롤식이만을 급여한 HC군은 정상식이만을 급여한 NC군에 비하여 체중이 유의하게 증가하였으나, HC-LREL군과 HC-LREH군은 HC군에 비하여 체중증가율이 저하되었으며, 특히 고용량 병합 투여한 HC-LREH군은 NC군과 비슷한 수준 이였다. HC군은 다른 실험군들에 비하여 식이섭취량은 가장 적게 나타났으나, 식이효율은 가장 높게 나타났다. 체중 당 간 무게도 HC군이 다른 실험군들에 비하여 유의하게 증가되었다. HC군은 NC군에 비하여 혈청 중 준성지방 함량은 유의하게 증가하였으나, 고콜레스테롤식이로 증가된 중성지방 함량을 연근 에탄을 추출물 투여로 유의하게 감소시켰다. 혈청 중 총콜레스테롤 함량은 HC군들 간에는 유의차가 없었다. 혈청 중인지질 함량은 HC군이 NC군에 비하여 유의하게 감소하였으나 연근 에탄올 추출물 고용량 투여 시 NC군에 근접하게 증가되었다. 혈청 중 유리콜레스테롤 함량은 HC-LREL군과 HC-LREH군은 HC군에 비하여 감소하였으며 고용량투여 시 유의하게 저하되었다. 혈청 중 콜레스테롤 에스테르 함량은 HC군들이 NC군들에 비하여 유의하게 증가하였다. 총콜레스테롤에 대한 콜레스테롤 에스테르비율은 실험군들 간에 유의차가 없었다. HC-LREL군과 HC-LREH군은 HC군에 비하여 혈청 중 LDL-콜레스테롤 함량,심혈관 위험지수 및 동맥경화지수는 유의하게 저하되었으나, HDL-콜레스테롤 함량은 유의차가 없었다. 간조직 중 총지질, 총콜레스테롤 및 중성 지방 함량은 HC군이 NC군에 비하여 유의하게 증가되었다. HC-LREL 군과 HC-LREH군은 HC군에 비하여 간조직 중 총지질 함량만이 유의하게 저하되었다. 이상의 결과 연근 에탄올 추출물은 in vitro에서 HMG-CoA reductase 활성을 농도 의존적으로 저하시켰으며, in vivo 에서는 고콜레스테롤 식이급여로 증가되어진 LDL-콜레스테롤 및 중성지질 함량을 감소시키고, 감소되어진 인지질 함량을 증가시킴으로써 고콜레스테롤 혈증 및 지방간의 예방과 치료에 효과가 있을 것으로 사료되나 연근의 어떠한 성분의 작용 기전에 의한 것인지에 대해서는 더욱 체계적인 연구가 요구된다.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.113-125
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• 2007

Objectives : This research was performed to investigate the effect of herbal acupuncture(Raphanus sativus) at Bisu($BL_{20}$) on weight gain, food intake, food efficiency, serum of lipid concentrations, liver function and HDL to total cholesterol ratio of rats fed high fat diet for 5weeks. Methods : Experimental groups were divided into high fat diet group(Control), high fat diet and saline in $BL_{20}$ treated group(Saline), high fat diet and Raphanus sativus-herbal acupuncture in $BL_{20}$ treated group(RHA-1, 0.058mg/ml/g), high fat diet and Raphanus sativus-herbal acupuncture in $BL_{20}$ treated group(RHA-2, 0.029mg/ml/g), high fat diet and Raphanus sativus-herbal acupuncture in $BL_{20}$ treated group(RHA-3, 0.011mg/ml/g), Herbal acupuncture was bilaterally treated at 0.2cc per 4days, total 14 times in 56days. Results : Body weight and food efficiency were decreased in saline, RHA-1, RHA-2. Feed intake was increased in saline, RHA-1, RHA- 2, RHA- 3. The level of serum total cholesterol was decreased in saline, RHA-1. The level of serum HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol were not significant. The level of serum triglyceride, Total Bilirubin were decreased in saline, RHA-1, RHA-2, RHA-3.The level of serum AST was decreased in RHA-1. But the level of serum ALT was increased in RHA-1. The level of atherogenic index was decreased in saline, RHA-1. The level of HTR was increased in saline, RHA-1. Conclusions : Raphanus sativus-herbal acupuncture in Bisu($BL_{20}$) can control body weight, feed intake and feed efficency ratio, total cholesterol, total bilirubin, and prevention cardiovascular risk.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.562-569
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• 2010

This study was conducted to investigate the hypocholesterolemic effects of porphyran and insoluble dietary fiber isolated from laver in rats fed high fat diet containing 1% cholesterol, 0.25% sodium cholate and 12% lard. Rats were fed, ad libitum, diets containing 5% diet fiber as cellulose(normal control or high fat control), porphyran or insoluble dietary fiber for 4 weeks. Among the groups fed high fat diet, liver weight was significantly lower in high fat porphyran group than high fat control. Plasma GOT, GPT, total cholesterol, cholesteryl ester, LDL-cholesterol and liver total cholesterol concentration were significantly lower in high fat porphyran group than high fat control. The feeding of porphyran significantly increased fecal cholesterol and bile acid excretion. The feeding of insoluble dietary fiber had no significant effect on either plasma or liver cholesterol levels, although fecal cholesterol level in the insoluble dietary fiber group was significantly higher than that in the high fat control. The results indicate that porphyran isolated from the laver may exert their hypocholesterolemic effect by increasing excretion of fecal bile acid and cholesterol.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of enzyme-treated radish (Raphanus sativus L.) leaves on lipid metabolism in rats fed a high fat diet. Rats were divided into four experimental groups which were composed of a high fat diet group (HF group), a high fat diet with 10% radish leaf powder-supplemented group (MA group), a high fat diet with 5% enzyme-treated radish leaf powder-supplemented group (MB group) and a high fat diet with 10% enzyme-treated radish leaf powder-supplemented group (MC group). Total dietary fiber content of enzyme-treated radish leaves were greater than untreated radish leaves. Body weight gain and food efficiency ratio (FER) of the HF group increased compared to the MA, MB and MC groups. The serum total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and atherogenic index contents in the radish leaf powder-supplemented groups were lower than that of the HF group, while those values for the MB and MC groups were significantly lower than that of the HF group. The serum HDL-cholesterol contents of the MB and MC groups increased compared to the HF group. The hepatic triglyceride contents of the MA, MB and MC groups decreased compared to the HF group. In fact, the hepatic triglyceride contents of the MB and MC groups were significantly lower than the MA group. The hepatic total cholesterol contents of the MB and MC groups significantly decreased compared to those of the HF group. The fecal total cholesterol contents of the MA, MB and MC groups significantly increased compared to those of the HF group. These results indicate that supplementation with enzyme-treated radish leaves increase the useful fiber contents. Furthermore, it may have a pronounced impact on lipid metabolism of serum and liver in rats fed a high fat diet.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제35권9호
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• pp.1151-1158
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• 2006

참나물 에탄올 추출물이 고콜레스테롤식이로 유발된 고콜레스테롤혈증 억제효과를 검토한 결과 고콜레스테롤식이만을 급여한 HC군은 정상식이만을 급여한 NC군에 비하여 높은 체중증가량을 나타내었다. 고콜레스테롤식이와 참나물 에탄올 추출물을 저용량과 고용량 병합투여한 HC-PBL군과 HC-PBH군은 HC군에 비하여 체중증가량이 저하되었으나 유의차는 없었다. 식이섭취량은 HC군이 다른 실험군들에 비하여 유의하게 저하되었다. 식이효율은 고콜레스테롤식이를 급여한 HC군, HC-PBL군 및 HC-PBH군은 NC군에 비하여 높았다. 체중 당 간 무게는 HC군이 다른 모든 실험군들에 비하여 유의하게 증가되었으나, 참나물 에탄올 추출물 병합투여로 체중 당 간 무게가 저하되었으며 NC군 보다는 높게 나타났다. 고콜레스테롤식이 급여로 증가된 혈청 중 AST, ALT 및 ALP 활성은 참나물 에탄올 추출물 병합투여로 활성이 감소되었으며, 참나물 에탄올 추출물 투여 용량이 증가할수록 농도 의존적으로 감소하였다. 혈청 중 지질 함량에서, 고콜레스테롤식이를 급여한 HC군은 정상식이를 급여한 NC군에 비하여 중성지질과 총콜레스테롤 함량이 유의하게 증가되었고, 고콜레스테롤식이와 참나물 에탄올 추출물을 병합투여로 감소되었으나 고용량 병합투여한 HC-PBH군만 유의하게 저하되었다. 혈청 중 인지질 함량은 HC군이 NC군에 비하여 감소하였고 참나물 에탄올 추출물 투여로 증가되었으나 NC군에 비하여는 낮았다. 혈청 중 유리콜레스테롤과 콜레스테릴 에스테르 함량은 고콜레스테롤식이와 참나물 에탄올 추출물을 병합투여한 HC- PBL군과 HC-PBH군은 HC군에 비하여 감소하였으며, 참나물 에탄올 추출물 투여 용량에 따른 유의차가 없었다. 총콜레스테롤에 대한 콜레스테롤 에스테르 비율은 각 실험군들 간에 유의차가 없었다. 혈청 중 LDL-콜레스테롤 함량은 HC군이 NC군에 비하여 유의하게 증가하였다. 고콜레스테롤식이와 참나물 에탄올 추출물을 병합투여한 HC-PBL군과 HC-PBH군은 HC군에 비하여 LDL-콜레스테롤 함량이 저하되었으나 참나물 에탄올 추출물 투여 용량에 따른 차이는 없었다. HC-PBL군과 HC-PBH군의 혈청 중 HDL-콜레스테롤 함량은 HC군에 비하여 증가하였으며, 심혈관위험지수와 동맥경화지수는 유의하게 저하되었으나 NC군 수준에는 미치지 못하였다. 간 중 중성지질 및 총콜레스테롤 함량은 HC군이 NC군에 비하여 유의하게 증가되었고, 고콜레스테롤식이와 참나물 에탄올 추출물을 병합투여한 HC-PBL군과 HC-PBH군은 HC군에 비하여 참나물 에탄올 추출물 투여로 저하되었으나 NC군보다는 높게 나타났다. 간 중 중성지질 함량은 참나물 에탄올 추출물 투여 용량에 따른 유의차가 없었으나, 총콜레스테롤 함량은 고용량 병합투여한 HC-PBH군만 유의하게 저하되었다. 혈청 및 간 중의 지질 함량 변화는 정상식이를 급여한 NC군과 NC-PB군 간에는 유의차가 없었다. 따라서 고콜레스테롤식이를 급여하면서 참나물 에탄올 추출물을 병합투여 시에만 지질대사 개선 효과가 있는 것으로 여겨지며, 고용량 병합투여 시 효능이 더 큰 것으로 나타났다. 고콜레스테롤식이로 인한 산화적 스트레스가 고콜레스테롤혈증을 유발하였으며, 이는 참나물 에탄올 추출물에 함유된 항산화물질을 포함한 여러 생리활성물질이 영향을 미친 것으로 사료된다. 이상의 실험 결과에서 참나물 에탄올 추출물은 고콜레스테롤식이로 증가된 총콜레스테롤, LDL-콜레스테롤 및 중성지질 함량은 감소시켰고, HDL-콜레스테롤과 인지질 함량은 증가시킴으로써 지방간 및 동맥경화의 예방과 치료에 효과적일 것으로 판단되어 진다.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.194-209
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• 2024

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: High levels of plasma low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol are an important determinant of atherosclerotic lesion formation. The disruption of cholesterol efflux or reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) in peripheral tissues and macrophages may promote atherogenesis. The aim of the current study was to examine whether bioactive ellagic acid, a functional food component, improved RCT functionality and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) function in diet-induced atherogenesis of apolipoproteins E (apoE) knockout (KO) mice. MATERIALS/METHODS: Wild type mice and apoE KO mice were fed a high-cholesterol Paigen diet for 10 weeks to induce hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis, and concomitantly received 10 mg/kg ellagic acid via gavage. RESULTS: Supplying ellagic acid enhanced induction of apoE and ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter G1 in oxidized LDL-exposed macrophages, facilitating cholesterol efflux associated with RCT. Oral administration of ellagic acid to apoE KO mice fed on Paigen diet improved hypercholesterolemia with reduced atherogenic index. This compound enhanced the expression of ABC transporters in peritoneal macrophages isolated from apoE KO mice fed on Paigen diet, indicating increased cholesterol efflux. Plasma levels of cholesterol ester transport protein and phospholipid transport protein involved in RCT were elevated in mice lack of apoE gene, which was substantially reduced by supplementing ellagic acid to Paigen diet-fed mice. In addition, ellagic acid attenuated hepatic lipid accumulation in apoE KO mice, evidenced by staining of hematoxylin and eosin and oil red O. Furthermore, the supplementation of 10 mg/kg ellagic acid favorably influenced the transcriptional levels of hepatic LDL receptor and scavenger receptor-B1 in Paigen diet-fed apoE KO mice. CONCLUSION: Ellagic acid may be an athero-protective dietary compound encumbering diet-induced atherogenesis though improving the RCT functionality.

• 한방비만학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.27-35
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• 2018

Objectives: The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of Daecheongryoung-tang (DCR) therapy on body weight, serum total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, triglyceride, free fatty acid, total lipid, phospholipid level and complete blood cell count of obese rats. Methods: 34 rats are divided into 4 groups, the rats in the normal group are 7 and the rats in the other group are 9 per group; Normal group (general fat diet and no medication), Control group (high-fat diet and no medication), DCR_L group (high-fat diet and DCR 250 mg medication) and DCR_H group (high-fat diet and DCR 500 mg medication). DCR is administrated for 6 weeks. Results: There is significant statistical difference between Control group and DCR-H group for the body weight, the total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglyceride, free fatty acid level. Also, there is significant statistical difference among Control group, DCR_L group and DCR_H group for body weight, triglyceride, free fatty acid and phospholipid level. Conclusions: These results suggest that medication of DCR_L and DCR_H is effective for the treatment of obesity.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2000

The influence of the ditary containing boiled eggs on the plasma cholesterol level and antithrombotic activity in rats was studied. Rats were fed basal diet(0% boiled eggs) as a control group or diets containing 25% and 50% boiled eggs or a mixed diet with 95% boiled eggs plus 5% $\alpha$-cellulose powder as a experimental groups for 30 days. The bleeding time and whole blood clotting time were significantly(P<0.05) increased by feeding diet containing 25% boiled eggs compared to groups of basal diet, 50% or 95% boiled eggs diets. The plasma clotting time was high in group of 25% boiled eggs diet. However, there were no difference in plasma clotting time among rats fed the dietary boiled eggs. The levels of plasma total cholesterol(TC) and low density plus very low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL, VLDL-C) were significantly(P<0.05) highest in group 95% boiled eggs diet compared to others. There were no differences in high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C) among rats fed the dietary boiled eggs. The levels of plasma TC, HDL-C, LDL$.$VLDL-C and the ratios of HDL-C/TC were not significant among the basal diet, 25% and 50% boiled eggs diets. These results suggest that the intakes of the dietary boiled eggs have the antithrombotic activity and plasma cholesterol lowering effect.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.511-514
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• 2003

Previously, we reported that a diet including sesame meal (SM) increased plasma total and high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol concentrations in goats. In the present study, the components in the sesame meal that can increase plasma total and HDL-cholesterol concentrations have been examined. In experiment 1, we gave goats defatted sesame meal diet (DSM) to investigate the influence of ether extract fraction remained in sesame meal. Corn gluten meal diet (CGM) was also fed to goats as a high-protein diet to examine the influence of high dietary protein level caused by usage of sesame meal. Plasma total and HDL-cholesterol concentrations of goats fed DSM and CGM did not change during experimental periods though they were elevated by feeding SM. In experiment 2, the influence of sesame oil and corn oil added in diets on plasma total and HDL-cholesterol concentrations in goats was investigated. Plasma total and HDL-cholesterol concentrations were increased by feeding both corn oil diet and sesame oil diet. In conclusion, the increase in plasma HDL-cholesterol concentration by feeding sesame meal was resulted by the effect of ether extract fraction including sesame oil or some lipid-soluble components remained in sesame meal.