• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.51-59
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• 2009

The chemical components and antimicrobial activities of garlic from different area were investigated and analyzed to provide basic data for functional food materialization and processing. Hunter's values of garlic from different area were L 53.41~57.15, a -3.49~-4.38 and b 11.47~17.55. The moisture, crude protein, crude fat, nitrogen free extract, crude fiber and ash were 65.24~71.96, 6.24~9.35, 0.21~0.49, 19.01~22.72, 0.58~0.95 and 1.01~2.01%, respectively. The major minerals of garlic from different area were Na(27.22~112.03), Mg(18.17~32.56), K(242.16~569.28), Ca(28.60~63.93), P(117.72~265.21 mg%) and major free sugars were sucrose, glucose and fructose. The major amino acids of garlic from different area were proline, arglmne, glutamic acid and aspartic acid and content of total amino acid was 2,709.33~4,561.04 mg%. The ascorbic acid content of garlic from different area was 2.966~8.673 mg%. Composition of fatty acids of garlic from different area were linoleic acid, oleic acid and palmitic acid, unsaturated fatty acid and saturated fatty acid contents were 72.18~74.35 and 25.65~27.82%, respectively. Antimicrobial activities of garlic extracts as different area increased depends on concentration and showed the high antimicrobial activities against Gram(+) and Gram(-).

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.568-575
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• 2016

Bacillus amyloliquefaciens CGD3 was used as a starter for fermentation of amaranth and cultural characteristics and biological activities of amaranth were investigated. The viable cells in fermented amaranth was 4.54~8.01 log CFU/mL during 96 hr of fermentation period. Protease activities of amaranth showed the highest by 36.7 unit/mL after 72 hr of fermentation. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents of amaranth increased with fermentation time while its total sugar content decreased. The total protein content was the highest in amaranth fermented for 96 hr (0.25 mg/g). The DPPH scavenging activities, FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power), and reducing power of amaranth were highest in amaranth fermented for 72 hr, showing 84.46%, $551.91{\mu}M$, and 2.74, respectively. ACE (angiotensin converting enzyme) and ${\alpha}$-Glucosidase inhibition rates increased with fermentation time and showed the highest after 72 hr.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.22 no.7
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• pp.846-851
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• 1990

An attempt was made in this study to investigate the possibility of processing garlic into an garlic oleoresin and investigate on the storage stability of it. To obtain a garlic oleoresin, water, phosphoric acid, garlic extract, poly sorbate and KM-72 as antiform agent were mixed with lecithin, and then these mixtures were homogenized at $50{\sim}55^{\circ}C$ for $5{\sim}7\;min$, cooled down to $25^{\circ}C$, and finally mixed with TBHQ (tert-butylhydroquinone) as antioxidant and garlic essential oil. Optimum components for garlic oleoresin consisted of 1.0% garlic essential oil, 10.5% garlic extract, 10.0% poly sorbate, 0.01% KM-72, 18.0% lecithin, 0.05% TBHQ, 0.15% of phosphoric acid solution and 60.0% water. Judging from thiosulfinate and pyruvate content, and sensory evaluation, quality damage of garlic oleoresin hardly occurred at $5^{\circ}C$ but occurred considerable level at $25^{\circ}C$ during storage for 60 days.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.1245-1254
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• 2021

Objectives: This study investigated the clinical characteristics and symptoms of patients with reflux esophagitis (RE) visiting a Korean medicine hospital. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients with an RE diagnosis who visited a Korean medicine hospital from June 15, 2020, to April 15, 2021. We analyzed the clinical characteristics and the results of a symptoms questionnaire. Results: Our sample included 1,151 patients (711 females). The median age was 58 years; the most common age bracket was 60-69 years. A total of 837 patients (72.7%) presented with symptoms lasting more than one year, and 1,035 (89.9%) had been prescribed medications for more than three months before visiting a Korean medicine hospital. Belching (77.6%) and acid regurgitation (70.9%) were the most frequent symptoms, followed by epigastric pain (61.6%) and throat globus (58.5%). Throat globus was the most bothersome symptom, and 72.4% of the patients experienced the symptom on more than five days in the preceding two weeks. Patients with a longer symptom duration were older (p<0.01) and more likely to be overweight (p=0.03). Patients experiencing symptoms for more than five years were more likely to report throat globus (p=0.02), hoarseness (p<0.01), and coughing (p<0.01). Conclusions: Most RE patients visiting a Korean medicine hospital were females in their sixties with chronic and refractory RE. Atypical symptoms (belching, epigastric pain, and throat globus) were common. Throat globus was highly prevalent in severe cases, suggesting that it warrants attention when treating RE patients.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.635-651
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• 1994

The purpose of this study was to identify the degree of self efficacy, self regulation, situational barriers and self care behavior in patients with diabetes and to identify the relationships among those variables. Ninety five non insulin dependent diabetic patients participated. Data were collected by a self report questionnaire. The results are as follows 1) Mean scores for self care behavior were 4.64 (diet) and 6.60(medication) on a 7 point scale. 2) Mean scores for self efficacy were 65.12(diet) and 88.46 (medication) on a 100 point scale. 3) Mean score for self regulation was 0.42 on a 0-1 point scale. 4) Mean score for situational barriers was 1.48 on a 4 point scale. 5) Self efficacy was significantly highly correlated with self care behavior (r=0.72, P<0.01). 6) Self regulation(r=0.28, P<0.01), situational barriers(r=-0.32, P<0.01) were significantly correlated with self care behavior. 7) Self efficacy was significantly correlated with self regulation(r=0.25, P<0.01), situational barriers(r=-0.22, P<0.05). These results suggest that for improvement in self care behavior nurses should increase the level of self efficacy and self regulation in patients with diabetes and help these patients to cope with situational barriers.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.265-273
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to identify the children's sleeping patterns, such as the sleeping hours and the nature of sleep disruptions following hospitalization and its accompanying factors. The data were collected from December, 1997 to March, 1998 using a questionnaire developed by researchers. The subjects were 76 children in a hospital. The results of this study were summarized as follows : 1. The average sleeping hours (sleep duration) at night were 10 hours and 10 minutes and 9 hours and 9 minutes before and after hospitalization respectively. There was a significant difference (p<0.01). The average sleeping hours in the day time were 1 hour 28 minutes and 2 hours and 26 minutes before and after hospitalization respectively. There was a significant difference(P<0.01). 2. The mean bed time(sleep onset) was 10: 22 pm and 10 : 28 pm before and after hospitalization respectively. There was no significant difference. 3. The mean hour of rising(sleep termination) was 7: 54 am 7 : 08 am before and after hospitalization respectively. There was a significant difference (p<0.01). 4. The mean number of sleep disruption was 0.72 and 1.94 before and after hospitalization respectively. There was a significant difference(P<0.01). The sleep disruptions were influenced by crying of other children(53.9%), lights(28.9), nursing procedures(18.4%), noise of TV(17.l%) and noise of visitors (15.8%).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.123-130
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• 2016

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to determine correlations between grip and lower limb muscle strength and pulmonary function and respiratory muscle in children with cerebral palsy. METHODS: Subjects were 17 children with cerebral palsy. Inclusion criteria for participation were having GMFCS from I to III grade and ability to independently blow into a spirometer. Pulmonary function and respiratory muscle were measured with a spirometer. All subjects performed maximal expiratory flow maneuvers using a spirometer in order to determine their forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), peak expiratory flow (PEF) and FEV1/FVC, and maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP) and maximum expiratory pressure (MEP). Muscle strength was measured in terms of grip strength and lower limb muscle strength in terms of knee extension strength with a dynamometer and manual digital muscle tester respectively. Data were analyzed using Person product correlation. RESULTS: Grip strength significantly positively correlated with FVC (r=0.95, p<0.01), FEV1 (r=0.95, p<0.01), PEF (r=0.84, p<0.01), MIP (r=0.65, p<0.01) MEP (r=0.71, p<0.01) and lower limb strength with FVC (r=0.72, p<0.01), FEV1 (r=0.69, p<0.01), PEF (r=0.54, p<0.05), and MEP (r=0.69, p<0.01). CONCLUSION: Grip and lower limb muscle strengths of children with cerebral palsy were positively correlated pulmonary function and respiratory muscle.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.72-78
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• 2002

The effects of housing and nutrition on the performance of growing gilts of the Nepalese Pakhribas breed were investigated. A total of 36 pigs were allocated according to a factorial design with 3 levels of nutrition, provided to achieve a target growth rate of 200, 300 or 400 g/day, and two types of housing, traditional or improved. The growth rate and body composition were monitored during the growing period and subsequent pregnancy. There was a significantly higher growth rate (p<0.01), greater $P_2$ backfat thickness (p<0.01), and greater eye muscle depth (p<0.01) at service in pigs given the higher level of nutrition. Similarly, there was a significantly higher growth rate (p<0.05), and greater eye muscle depth (p<0.10) with improved housing but no significant difference in $P_2$ backfat thickness. The conception rate was 90% at first service, with no difference between treatments. Gilts from the high plane of rearing produced a mean litter size of one piglet greater than those on the low plane, but this was not significant with the limited numbers. However, both improved plane of nutrition and reduced climatic penalty by improving housing resulted in increased birthweight of piglets (p<0.05). It is concluded that improvement in housing can give benefits equivalent to at least a 7% improvement in efficiency of feed use under traditional Nepalese circumstances for pig rearing.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.57 no.3
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• pp.291-299
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• 2024

Background: Postoperative pain management following minimally invasive repair of pectus excavatum (MIRPE) remains a critical concern due to severe post-procedural pain. Promising results have been reported for cryoanalgesia following MIRPE; however, its invasiveness, single-lung ventilation, and additional instrumentation requirements remain obstacles. Serratus anterior plane block (SAPB) is a regional block technique capable of covering the anterior chest wall at the T2-9 levels, which are affected by MIRPE. We hypothesized that SAPB would be a superior alternative pain control modality that reduces postoperative pain more effectively than conventional methods. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of patients who underwent MIRPE between March 2022 and August 2023. The efficacy of pain control was compared between group N (conventional pain management, n=24) and group S (SAPB, n=26). Group N received intravenous patient-controlled analgesia (IV-PCA) and subcutaneous local anesthetic infusion. Group S received bilateral continuous SAPB with 0.3% ropivacaine after a bilateral bolus injection of 30 mL of 0.25% ropivacaine with baseline IV-PCA. Pain levels were evaluated using a Visual Analog Scale (VAS) at 1, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours postoperatively and total intravenous rescue analgesic consumption by morphine milligram equivalents (MME). Results: Mean VAS scores were significantly lower in group S than in group N throughout the 72-hour postoperative period (p<0.01). Group S showed significantly lower MME at postoperative 72 hours (group N: 108.53, group S: 16.61; p<0.01). Conclusion: SAPB improved immediate postoperative pain control in both the resting and dynamic states and reduced opioid consumption compared to conventional management.

• Asian Oncology Nursing
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.75-84
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• 2003

Purpose: this study was to identify influencing factors of burnout on oncology nurses. Method: the data was collected using a questionnaire from October 18, 2002 to November 20, 2002 in five general hospitals at Seoul. Participants of this study were the nurses who worked in the wards occupied by more than 50 percent of cancer patients. The collected data were analyzed by using the SPSS10.0 program. Result: 1. The burnout of the subjects show a mean score of 2.72 using the 5 point Likert scale. There were statistically significant difference in burnout between the general characteristics; age, marital status, educational background, job experience, position, nursing service period, and attitudes on nursing job. 2 The self-esteem of the subjects show a mean score of 3.72 using the 5 point Likert scale. The spiritual well-being of the subjects show a mean score of 3.83 using the 6 point Likert scale. The social support of the subjects show a mean score of 3.74 using the 5 point Likert scale. The job stress of the subjects show a mean score of 2.16 using the 4 point Likert scale. 3. The result of correlation between burnout and other variable was that relationship between the burnout and job stress(r=-.206, p<.05), self-esteem(r=-.417, p<.01), spiritual well-being(r=-.403, p<.01), social support(r=-.386, p<.01) were significant variables. 4. The result of the Stepwise Multiple Regression was that self-esteem (17.4%), spiritual well-being(7.9%), social support(3.4%) and job stress(2.3%) explained 31% of burn out.