• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.103 no.4
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• pp.599-604
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• 2014

This study was conducted to analyze the ecological environment of the 53 uninhabitable islands of Jeju for the management formulation. The result of the Pearson correlation analysis were 0.647(p<0.01) for herbs, 0.585(p<0.01) for trees and 0.762 (p<0.01) for animals which means that there is a high correlation between the size of the forests in the uninhabitable islands and the species diversity of herbs, trees and animals. For the regression modeling to predict the forest area, the R value was 0.899 and the $R^2$ was 0.803 with 79.7% statistical significance. This study also classified the uninhabited islands based on its forest area into two classes, with a forests area of 0.5ha and with a forest of approximately 12ha. The importance value of the biodiversity in the uninhabited islands was also evaluated using DEA and the islands with higher importance, namely DMU14(0.941), DMU36(0.964), DMU44(1.000) and DMU45(0.903) were recommended to be managed. It was observed that uninhabited islands with forests had a mean importance value of 0.439 which is higher as compared to the uninhabited islands without forests with 0.096. This verified that there is close relationship between forest and biodiversity.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.53-61
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• 1998

This study was performed to investigate the antiulcer effects of Opuntia dillenii Haw. on the stomach ulcer induced by restraint and water-immersion stress in rats. For this experiment, 48 male Sprague-Dawley strain were used. The experimental groups were divided into four: a control (C) and 3 Opuntia dillenii Haw. treatment groups (E-1, E-2, E-3). Each dose of Opuntia dillenii Haw. was 30 mg/kg bw (E-1), 60 mgfKg bw (E-2) and 120 mg/kg bw (E-3). The rats were allocated to each group by 12 and observed for 4 weeks. The results were as following: 1. The stomach surface pH in each group showed no significant difference, but the values of Opuntia dillenii Haw. treatment groups were higher than the value of the control group. 2. The gastric wall mucus was increased in all Opuntia dillenii Haw. treatment groups compared with the control group. Especially in E-1 difference was higher (p<0.05) and in E-2 difference was significantly higher (p<0.01). 3. At shear rate 11.25, 45.0, 90.0, $225\;sec^{-1}$, whole blood viscosity and plasma viscosity were measured. Most of the values of Opuntia dillenii Haw. treatment groups were low compared with that of the control group. At shear rate 90.0, $225\;sec^{-1}$ the values of whole blood viscosity in E-1 were significantly low (p<0.05) and at shear rate 11.25, $45.0\;sec^{-1}$, more significant (p<0.01). At shear rate 11.25, 45.0, 90.0, $225\;sec^{-1}$ the values of whole blood viscosity in E-2 were significantly low (p<0.01). At shear rate $90.0\;sec^{-1}$ the value of plasma viscosity in E-1 was significantly low (p<0.05) and at shear rate 90.0, $225\;sec^{-1}$ the values of plasma viscosity in E-2 we resignificantly low (p<0.01). 4. Less severe ulcers were obsered in Opuntia dillenii Haw. treatment groups than in the control group. Especially E-1 groups tissues had only slight ulcers and necrosis of tissue was not observed in this group. From the results of this study, it can be concluded that the oral administratio-n of Opuntia dillenii Haw. results in protection of stomach ulcer by stimulating the secretion of gastric mucus and improving the gastric mucosal microcirculation.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.1065-1072
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• 2012

Crop productivity decreases globally as a result of salinization. However, salinity impact on greenhouse-grown crops is much higher than on field-grown crops due to the overall concentrations of nutrients in greenhouse soils. Therefore, this study was performed to determine the short-term changes in growth, photosynthesis, and metabolites of tomato plants grown in greenhouse under heavily input of fertilizers evaluated by microbial activity and chemical properties of soils. The soils (< 3, 3.01~6, 6.01~10 and > 10.01 dS $m^{-1}$) from farmer's greenhouse fields having different fertilization practices were used. Results showed that the salt-accumulated soil affected adversely the growth of tomato plants. Tomato plants were seldom to complete their growth against > 10.0 dS $m^{-1}$ level of EC. The assimilation rate of $CO_2$ from the upper fully expanded leaves of tomato plants is reduced under increasing soil EC levels at 14 days, however; it was the highest in moderate or high EC-subjected (3.0 ~ 10.0 dS $m^{-1}$) at 28 days. In our experiment, soluble sugars and starch were sensitive markers for salt stress and thus might assume the status of crops against various salt conditions. Taken together, tomato plants found to have tolerance against moderate soil EC stress. Various EC levels (< 3.0 ~ 10.0 dS $m^{-1}$) led to a slight decrease in organic matter (OM) contents in soils at 28 days. Salinity stress led to higher microbial activity in soils, followed by a decomposition of OM in soils as indicated by the changes in soil chemical properties.

• Journal of Convergence Society for SMB
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.65-69
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• 2016

We investigated refractive errors and corneal power with 3 factors such as M, $J_0$, and $J_{45}$ as power vector to find out the changes of refractive errors of the before and after cataract surgery in 119 adults aged 45~85 years with cataract. After the surgery, the 3 factors were changed as $-0.29{\pm}2.38D$ to $-0.18{\pm}0.69D$ in spherical equivalent power which is the M factor, $-0.34{\pm}0.68D$ to $-0.05{\pm}0.42D$ in the $J_0$ factor, and $0.11{\pm}0.45$ to $0.02{\pm}0.17$ in the $J_{45}$ factor. Before and after the surgery, corneal mean refractive power, $J_0$, and $J_{45}$ were changed from $44.11{\pm}1.61D$ to $44.20{\pm}1.58D$, $0.01{\pm}0.50D$ to $0.08{\pm}0.49D$, and $0.02{\pm}0.29$ to $0.08{\pm}0.49$, respectively. The results showed that $J_0$ was the highest relativeness in correlation of the pre- and post-surgery for refractive errors, mean corneal power was the highest correlation for corneal power factor, and corneal power factor was the higher correlation much more than refractive error factor.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.180-190
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to determine the optimal amount of 2 ingredients, i.e., black barley flour ($X_1$), and olive oil ($X_2$), for the production of white pan bread from black barley flour. The experiment was designed according to the central composite design of response surface methodology, which showed 10 experimental points, including 2 replicates for black barley flour and olive oil. Significant differences were found in the results of the physical and mechanical properties analysis of each sample, including weight (p<0.05), volume (p<0.01), specific loaf volume (p<0.01), color L (p<0.01), color a (p<0.001), color b (p<0.05), hardness (p<0.001), springiness (p<0.01), cohesiveness (p<0.01), gumminess (p<0.001) and chewiness (p<0.05). Significant differences in the sensory measurements were observed in color (p<0.01), appearance (p<0.01), texture (p<0.05), taste (p<0.05) and overall quality (p<0.05). The optimum formulation, which was calculated using the numerical and graphical methods, was determined to be 18.00% black barley flour and 1.80% olive oil.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.45-51
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• 2015

Background: The current study examined health-related quality of life (QoL) for patients with esophageal/gastric cardia precursor lesions or cancer before and after treatment to facilitate improved prevention and treatment. Materials and Methods: Patients with different stages of esophageal/gastric cardia lesions completed two QoL questionnaires, EORTC QLQ-C30 and supplemental QLQ-OES 18, before primary treatment, and at 1, 6 and 12 months after treatment. Results: Fifty-nine patients with precursor lesions, 57 with early stage cancer, and 43 with advanced cancer responded to our survey. Patients with precursor lesions or early stage cancer reported better QoL overall than those with advanced cancer before treatment (p<0.01). Global QoL scores before treatment and at 1 month after treatment were $71{\pm}9$ versus $69{\pm}9$ (p>0.01), $71{\pm}8$ versus $61{\pm}11$ (p<0.01), $67{\pm}11$ versus $62{\pm}9$ (p<0.01) for three stages of lesions. At 6 months after treatment, some QoL measures recovered gradually in precursor lesion and early cancer patients, while some continuously deteriorated in advanced cancer patients. At 12 months, all QoL scores were comparable to baseline for patients with precursor lesions (p>0.01), while global QoL, social, pain, and insomnia scores for early stage and advanced cancer were inferior to corresponding baseline levels (difference between means>5, p<0.01). At this time point, compared with patients with early stage cancer, those with advanced cancer showed worse QoL with all function and most symptom measures (p<0.01). Conclusions: Patients with precursor lesions or early stage esophageal/gastric cardia cancer show better QoL than those with advanced cancer. This indicates that screening, early diagnosis and treatment may improve the QoL for esophageal/gastric cardia cancer patients. Target intervention and counseling should be given by health care providers during treatment and follow-up to facilitate QoL improvement.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.45-56
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• 2021

This study evaluated the dietary habits and health behaviors of Korean adolescents according to their nutrition label utilization. This study was conducted on the adolescents aged between 12 and 18 who participated in the 2016-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Subjects were classified into nutrition label utilizing group and non-utilizing group. Then the general information, diet habit and nutrient intakes, health status and obesity and mental health of the two groups were analyzed. There was no significant difference in skipping breakfast, frequency of eating out, smoking status and alcohol drinking status according to the utilization of nutrition labels. Nutrition label utilizing group had higher % KDRI of protein(p<0.05), calcium (p<0.01), phosphorus(p<0.01) and potassium intakes(p<0.01) than non-utilizing group. Nutrition label utilizing group had higher EQ-5D score(0.97) than non-utilizing group(p<0.001). Practical nutrition education using nutrition label is needed. So these results can be useful for supporting dietary education regarding use of nutrition label for adolescents.

• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.243-257
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• 2013

Purpose: This study aims to analyze the factors affecting the dropout intentions of the dental technology students of a college. Methods: The subject of this study was 76 freshmen and 74 sophomores of dental technician major in an anonymous college. Results from the questionnaire called K-vision diagnosis program were computed by means of t-test, One-Way ANOVA, and correlation analysis. Results: 1. Total points of the drop out intention came to 782.14 points. Of the five categories concerned with the drop out intention, complain in college satisfaction(50.12points) was the highest and department satisfaction(47.51points) was the lowest. Of 16 subcategories, complaining in administrative supporting system proved the highest as 50.80 points and Inquiry to Professor the lowest(45.56 points). 2. Among the general characteristic gender (p<. 01), student group (p<.01), and credit (p<.05) made a meaningful statistical difference; no statistical significance was found in grade, admission, and dwellings. 3. Of the five categories, statistical significance was shown as follows; Department satisfaction (p<.01), College satisfaction (p<.05) under gender, Department satisfaction (p<.05) in grade, Academic integration (p<.01), Department satisfaction (p<.01) in credit. No statistical meaning was found in admission and dwellings. 4. Statistical significance was found under 16 subcategories as follows: Career identification(p<.01), Academic support system(p<.01), Social activity II(p<.05) in gender area, Inquiry to professor(p<.01), Learning(p<.05), Understanding learning I(p<.05) in grade area, Learning(p<.001), Career identification(p<.001), Understanding learning I(p<.01), Understanding learning II(p<.01), Inquiry to professor (p<.01), Learning ability (p<.05), Occupation (p<.05), Social Activity II(p<.05), Administrative support system (p<.05) in student group area, Credit (p<.001), Career identification (p<.01), Understanding learning I(p<.05) in credit area; admission and dwellings was statistically meaningless. 5. Of the 5 categories academic integration (r=.766) was most relevant to the dropout intention of the subjects and followed by department satisfaction (r=.735), college satisfaction (r=.554), service acceptability (r=.373), and statistical significance was shown as p<.01. Conclusion: Considering the results of this study, we are in a pressing need for the introduction of policies and programmes aiming at preventing the dropout rates of the dental technician majors at college. In tandem with this, qualitative and viable human resource management of the dental technicians should be implemented.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.522-530
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• 2012

This study was performed in order to investigate the relationship between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), dietary habit and caffeine intake in upper-grade elementary school children. The total number of the study subjects was 237 students (111 boys and 126 girls), where 30 students (12.7%) were diagnosed as ADHD. The dietary habit score of the ADHD group was significantly lower than that of the normal group. In particular, the ADHD group had lower dietary scores in consuming daily breakfast, diverse foods, fruit and milk than those in the normal group. Meanwhile, the daily intake frequency of instant noodle (ramyeon) was significantly higher in the ADHD group than that in the normal group. The mean caffeine intake of the students was 42.95 mg and the proportion of students consuming more than the ADI (acceptable daily intake) was 11.8%. The caffeine intake of ADHD group (63.63 mg) tended to be higher than that of the normal group (39.95 mg); however, it was not significantly different. The ADHD score of the students was negatively related with the dietary habit score (r = -0.279, p < 0.01) but positively related with caffeine intake (r = 0.164, p < 0.05). The dietary habit score had a negative relationship with caffeine intake (r = -0.180, p < 0.01) and a positive relationship with height (r = 0.195, p < 0.01). Caffeine intake had a negative relationship with the height of the students (r = -0.171, p < 0.05). In conclusion, ADHD in children was related to poor dietary habit and high caffeine intake.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.20 no.11
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• pp.1677-1683
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• 2007

Physiological changes in thoroughbred racehorses during the race were investigated by measuring concentrations of metabolites and exercise-related hormones before and after a race. The conversion point from anaerobic to aerobic exercise during the race was estimated subsequently. Blood samples were taken from the jugular vein of 53 thoroughbreds at different times -three h before and 45 min after- for measuring the concentrations of glucose, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), lactate, uric acid, ammonia, insulin, adrenocorticotrophin (ACTH) and cortisol according to the race distance. In accordance with the race distance, each metabolite increased in concentration compared with the level before the race. The level of glucose, in particular, increased from $56.18{\pm}3.20$ mg/dl before the race to $148.82{\pm}8.82$ mg/dl after the race for horses that raced 1,400 m, showing a significant increase of 165% (p<0.001). The concentration of NEFA rose from $76.77{\pm}5.59$ uEq/L to $335.85{\pm}35.39$ uEq/L, up 337% (p<0.01) after a 1,400 m race. Exercise-related hormones also showed similar changes. The level of insulin dropped the most in horses that raced 1,400 m, by 42%, from $0.97{\pm}0.18$ to $0.56{\pm}0.05\;{\mu}g/L$ (p<0.5); however, ACTH and cortisol jumped significantly at 1,800 m, from $20.17{\pm}2.12$ to $551.45{\pm}91.33$ pg/ml (p<0.5) and $1.13{\pm}0.16$ to $5.66{\pm}0.45\;{\mu}g/dl$ (p<0.01), respectively, representing the highest increase. Therefore, based on the changes in glucose, NEFA and insulin levels before and after the race, it was concluded that the race distance of 1,400 m represents the point where racehorses make a conversion from anaerobic to aerobic exercise.