• Explosives and Blasting
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.20-31
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• 1995

Many methods and techniques to reduce ground vibrations are well known. Some of them are to adopt electric milisecond detonators with a sequential blasting machine or an initiating system with an adequate number of delay intervals. The types of electric detonators munufactured in Korea include instantaneous, decisecond and milisecond delays byt numbers of delay intervals are only limite from No.1 to No.20 respectively. It is not sufficient to control accurately milisecond time with these detonators in tunnel excavation. Sequential fire time refers to adding an external time delay to a detonators norminal firing time to obtain sequential initiation and it is determined by sequential timer setting. To reduce the vibration level, sequential blasting machine with decisecond detonatore was adopted. A total of 134 blasting was recorded at various sites. Blast-to-structure distances ranged from 20.3 to 42.0 meter, where charge weight varied from 0.25 to 0.75 kg per delay. The results can be summarized as follow : 1. The effects of sequential blasting machine on the vibration level are discussed. The vibration level by S.B.M. are decreased approximately 14.38~18.05 to compare to level of conventional blasting and cycle time per round can be saved. 2. The empirical equations of particle velocity were obtained in S,B.M. and conventional blastin. $V=K(D/W^{1/3})-n$. where the values for n and k are estimated to be 1.665 to 1.710 and 93.59 to 137 respectively. 3. The growth of cracks due to vibrations are found but the level fall to within allowable value.

• Journal of Korea Society of Digital Industry and Information Management
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.185-198
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• 2012

This paper is to analyze consumer's acceptance phase of innovative IT product on the ground of dividing into product and application phase. In the acceptance phase of product determinants to consumer's satisfaction were analyzed and TAM(Technology Acceptance Model) were applied to the acceptance phase of application. It is analyzed that how well expected usefulness and perceived satisfaction to product have positively influence its performance and perceived satisfaction respectively in the acceptance phase of the product. In the acceptance phase of application, factors to consumers' satisfaction were analyzed to investigate its influence to the usefulness of application. Usefulness expectancy to the application and product were analyzed to figure out consumers'intention to use the product and effort and cost going into application use were also analyzed. Empirical study was implemented aimed at smart phone users. As a result, perceived usefulness expectancy to product have positively influence on perceived product performance and perceived product performance also affects perceived product satisfaction significantly. Although product satisfaction doesn't affect usefulness expectancy to the application, usefulness expectancy to the product and perceived product performance have positively influence on usefulness expectancy to the application significantly. And also usefulness expectancy to the both of application and product have positively influence on consumer's intention to use the product but consumer's effort and cost going into application doesn't affect to it, it's hold forth the possibility that consumer's effort affect consumer's intention to use the product.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.25
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• pp.549-596
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• 2011

This paper aims to introduce some useful multimedia freewares, and also support Chinese instructor with discussing how to operate them for instructional design of multimedia language learning class. For this aims, this paper consists of three parts: First, instructional design. This part is focused to what kind of instructional model to be based on, for example, Dick & Carey model, ADDIE model, ASSURE model etc. This part introduces these models, and modifies ADDIE and ASSURE model to D.D.A.I.E.S and S.S.A.U.R.E.S as 'A(nalysis)' in these model may apply to the next 'D(evelopment)' on ADDIE, 'S(elect Methods, Media and Materials)' on ASSURE in the practical Chinese class. Second, Programme: What to use. This part is focused to what kind of free software we can use. In the web site online, there are huge free softwares so we usually hesitate to select and also don't know how to operate even though selected one of them. This part, accordingly, introduces ten of useful freewares and compares each other in terms of usefulness for Chinese instructors. Third, Programme: How to use. It is of no use just to know what to use but not to know how to operate, so this part describes how to use freewares like a kind of manual in detail as far as possible. In conclusion, we hope more Chinese instructors to learn and use more useful freewares for designing the better multimedia Chinese class by this paper.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.20 no.7
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• pp.65-71
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• 2022

Purpose: Research on the intention to choose a university has an important role for universities in enrollment. The information element is considered essential to help students have specific information before making their decisions. However, how to distribute this information appropriately is an issue that needs to be studied. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the influence of information distribution on intention to choose a university. Research design, data, and methodology: The study showed a survey on 259 samples from first-year students at public universities in Vietnam. PLS-SEM model was performed to find out the relationship between information distribution and intention to choose a university. Result: The results show that information quality and information helpfulness positively impact on attitudes towards universities. Attitude towards university has a positive effect on the intention to choose a university. Conclusion: From the results of this study, the authors also make some recommendations to help universities have good communication policies to improve their ability to attract students to choose a university. Quality and helpful information will help universities to be able to attract students more effectively to enroll based on an effective communication strategy.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.88-96
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• 2022

Objective: Purpose of this study was to compare muscle activity ratio of multifidus to erector spinalis according to various cueing including tactile stimulation to provide an effective strategy to provide verbal and tactile feedback during exercise to provoke multifidus muscle activation. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Participants of this study included 28 healthy adults. Muscle activities of the multifidus and erector spinalis were measured while the participants performed tasks according to the three different methods of verbal cueing and three different tactile stimulation. Surface EMG was used to measure the muscular activity of the muscles during all the tasks. Results: Tactile stimulation to abdomen and lumbar vertebrae showed no significant difference in the muscle activity ratio (p>0.05). However, muscle activity ratio of the multifidus in relation to the erector spinalis was increased when subjects were given verbal instructions to make lumbar curvature with little force and to make lumbar curvature while pulling navel (p<0.05). However, it was decreased when they were provided with verbal instruction to make lumbar curvature with strong force (p<0.05). Conclusions: According to the results, proper verbal instruction was an effective tool to increase the muscular activity of multifidus. This study aimed to find and provide the most appropriate verbal cueing while doing exercises to activate multifidus.

• The Journal of Economics, Marketing and Management
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.1-9
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• 2014

This study investigated solutions of not only weak organization but also poor communication with customers from point of view of SNS such as Naver blog, Naver band, Kakao Talk and Facebook to promote local business market. The study gave strategies: First, SNS marketing strategy shall be used to do public relations and communicate in accordance with features of each SNS. Naver Blog that is opened SNS shall be used to do public relations and to invite new customers, and Kakao Talk that is closed SNS shall be used to increase customers having high loyalty, and Facebook that has both properties of SNS, that is to say, openness and closure, shall be used to raise effects of word-of-mouth to make use of new sales window. The communication can find out customers' needs to provide customers with customized services. Second, Naver Band and/or cafe shall be opened to increase link and friendliness and to have community consciousness realizing common goal and to destroy merchants' helplessness and individualism and to make change of the market for the place of community. Changes among the merchants may get better ideas to do events continuously and to get more SNS marketing effects and synergy. Third, the merchants shall make change not momentarily but continuously by making efforts steadily. Good communication in and out of the market may create inherent brand value to differ from super chain and/or SSM and to increase sales as well as traditional market image and to attain customers' loyalty.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.83-95
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• 2023

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to analyze the factors affecting the intention of chronic disease patients on revisiting and recommending those clinics to others. Methods : This study conducted the frequency analysis, Rao-scott chi-square test, and logistic regression analysis on 927 people, who answered that they had been diagnosed with a chronic disease, using data from the 2020 Korean Medicine Utilization and Herbal Medicine Consumption Survey. Results : The results of analyses revealed that the attitude of medical staff, and the treatment results were the significant influencing factors on the intention to revisit and to recommend to others. Other than the above factors, the medical expenses were found to be important influencing factors on the intention to recommend to others. Conclusions : In order to increase the intention to revisit and to recommend to others a Korean Medicine clinics, the top priority lies in both proving high-quality medical services and promoting friendly attitudes of medical staff. In addition, it is necessary to actively utilize korean medicine to guarantee patients' medical options.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.79-89
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• 2017

Purpose - Previous studies have not paid attention to pride type and effort type when consumers feel pride. In the present paper, the pride was divided into the two types such as hubristic pride and authentic pride. The causes attributed to achieve the goals when consumers achieved their personal goals, which could induce their pride were divided into trait, special effort, and universal effort, gratitude. This research attempted to investigate the mediation role of self-reward deservingness in finding the differences of inclination to indulgent consumption among the traits or special effort, the universal effort, and other's help. Research design, data, and methodology - In the empirical study, 'general flour food restaurants, Kimbabchunkuk, Edya, etc.' and 'VIPS, Outback, Starbucks, etc.' were taken as the two groups of subjects as empirical brand goods since they presented good contrast with each other. The single-factor design between subjects was adopted in this study by classifying the causes attributable to achieving the pre-goals of consumers into 4 categories: one attributable to trait; one attributable to special effort; one attributable to universal effort; one attributable to other's help. Results - The outcomes from the empirical analysis are as followings. First, the consumers who attributed to trait or special effort for achieving their personal goals in advance turned out to show stronger inclination toward direct indulgent consumption than those who attributed to universal effort or other's help for achieving the goals, without regard to self-reward deservingness. Second, those consumers who attributed to special effort for achieving their personal goals in advance revealed stronger inclination toward indulgent consumption with mediation of self-reward deservingness than those who attributed to trait or universal effort. And those who attributed to special effort or trait for achieving the goals revealed stronger inclination toward the consumption with the mediation of the deservingness than those who attributed to other's help. Conclusions - The present study is contributing to the progress of theories concerning hubris pride, authentic pride, and indulgent consumption. Marketing managers should endeavor to find pride type consumers felt according the causes attributed to for achieving important goals in advance, and make an efforts to develop messages that could appeal to the pride type.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.59-66
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• 2001

In order to determine the influence of nitrogen on agronomic characters, forage yield and quality, a Kenaf was cultured on the volcanic ash soil at the Experimental Farm of Cheju national University under the seven levels of nitrogen rates(0, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250kg/ha) from April 25 to Dec. 25, 1999. The plant height increased by increase of nitrogen rate, showing longest 250kg/ha with 286.6cm and shortest at no application plot with 255.7cm. The difference on leaf number, leaf withering number, stem diameter and branches number by nitrogen rate showed a similar tendency to the plant height. Increasing N rate from 0 to 250kg/ha fresh forage yield form 55.8 to 99.8MT/ha, dry matter (DM) yield from 8.8 to 15.8MT/ha, crude protein(CP) yield form 1.2 to 3.1MT/ha, total digestible nutrients (TDN) yield from 3.8 to 8.6MT/ha. However, no significant differences in these yields were found between 200 and 250kg N/ha. Nitrogen uptake increased form 192.9 to 496.2 kg/ha but N use efficiency decreased form 95.0 to 66.6 kg DM$^{a}$ /kg N with increasing from 0 to 250 kg/ha. As N rate increased from 0 to 250kg/ha, leaf and stem out of CP, crude fat (CF), nitrogen free extract (NFE), TDN contents increased from 20.1% to 25.8% and from 9.7% to 12.4%, from 5.6% to 8.1% and from 3.3% to 4.4%, from 36.1% to 40.2% and from 21.9% to 32.4%, from 59.3% to 75.0% and from 32.2% to 38.2%, respectively, while leaf and stem out of crude fiber decreased from 18.5% to 16.7% and from 51.5% to 39.3%. Based on the these findings, the optimum N rate for forage production of kenaf seems to be about 200 kg/ha in atmospheric phenomena and volcanic ash soils of jeju island.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.377-413
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• 2004

North Korea and South Korea agreed to refer their investment disputes to arbitration by adopting' Agreed Minutes on Procedures of Settlement of Commercial Disputes' on 16th December 2000. According to the Agreed Minutes, the two Koreas were to establish an arbitration commission within 6 months after the Agreed Minutes had been signed. In 2002, North Korea enacted laws to draw interest of foreign tourists to Mountain Kumgang and to boost investment into the region of Kaesung as it provided in those laws that commercial disputes should be settled by arbitration or judicial procedures. In October 2003, the two Koreas succeeded in adopting another Agreed Minutes as to the establishment and functioning of North-South Arbitration Commission. The fact that the two Koreas have agreed to establish an arbitration commission is meaningful since they are leading their lives quite differently in political, social, and economic sense for more than a half century. Although there still remain doubts as to the North Korean policy on nuclear matters, an arbitration commission could be a cornerstone for the set-up of the dispute settlement system between the two Koreas and a great help for investors from South Korea to pursue their possible legal claims as North Korea is eager to invite South Korean businessmen and other foreign investors to invest in its special economic areas. According to the Agreed Minutes of 2003, the two Koreas are going to adopt procedural rules for the arbitration commission. It will be a great challenge for them to agree on specific issues as to the operation of the arbitration commission. They have to set up a rester of arbitrators respectively and may have to enact or revise their own arbitration laws and rules reflecting the Agreed Minutes of 2000 and 2003. It is quite welcome that the two Koreas have agreed to set up an arbitration commission rather than resort to political or diplomatic means to settle their disputes. The success of the arbitration system between the two Koreas will make sure the safety of investment environment in the northen part of the Korean Peninsula and will bring the peace to the Korean peninsula earlier than expected.