• Korean System Dynamics Review
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.89-114
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• 2011

With steady increase in the demand for door-to-door delivery services, courier service providers are facing a constant pressure to reduce delivery price in order to secure quantity order and to improve the efficiency and reliability for customer service. The objective of this research is to explain the structure of the door-to-door delivery including door-to-door delivery service demand, sorting capacity in the hub-terminal, and the system performance measures such as service reliability networks using causal loop diagram(CLD). Based on causal relation, this research describes a comprehensive approach to examine how capacity reliability contributes to the renewal of the firm's competences through its reciprocal relationship with travel time reliability and connectivity reliability. Also, this research suggests the policy alternatives to improve effectiveness and efficiency of door-to-door delivery network in response to increase customer satisfaction and profit maximization of the courier service providers: operational, tactical, and strategic levels.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.17-32
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• 1994

The main purpose of this study is to assess the housewives' perception to the salespersons' delivery of information at a department store and to assess how much they wan to get information through them. In this regard 410 consumers of housewives living in Seoul are randomly selected from April 7 to 28 in 1992. The major results are as follows: Firstly consumers generally seem to think much of salespersons' ability and to need salespersons' close explanation and advice. In this regard salespersons are respected as the consumer information sources whereas the degrees of reliability and satisfaction are relatively low. And, thus, salespersons does not influence much on consumers' decision to purchase. Secondly, consumers require information from salespersons. Therefore salespersons should provide informations to consumers so that salespersons will be available informants to consumers. Thirdly recognition on the presense salespersons is the major variable which influenced on consumers' requirement for information. The more positive recognition raises consumers' requirement for information and hence needs more available salespersons as informants to consumers. Consequently salespersons are expected to be professionals to meet the consumers' demand.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.113-138
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• 2003

With it being inevitable to change the method of supervising as it is reorganized to EEZ coming out of the old concept of contamination in Korean area of the sea, it costs a lot to have good enough systems of total control for sea contamination and prevention of contamination as well as the effective marine superintendence because the governing bodies such as Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries, National Maritime Police Agency, and Authorities of Guiding Ships for Fishery, have their own source of laws and different ways to execute. In order to change such a wrong method of marine superintendence, it is necessary to conduct the merger and abolition of similar authorities with similar functions into authorities which are light but can be expected to play a major role, and to open the high-costing low-efficient organizations to make them remodel to be reborn as economical bodies. In addition to that, the maritime authorities, which are falling to incapable organizations not being able to work out any complicated tasks, have to be reborn as preventing bodies which take care of security and public peace and cut off a pollution source from sea and land.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.287-292
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• 2021

Background: References to insects in myths, stories, and idioms can be found in almost any culture, but with regard to references involving honey bee species in the Asia-Australian region, little information is available. Such references to bees can be highly informative by revealing attitudes of admiration, fear, ignorance, or even revulsion towards these insects. Results: The subject is briefly reviewed and examples of references to bees of selected cultural communities are given. Although folkloristic references to honey bees were found to be mostly positive highlighting fearlessness, cleverness, and industriousness of the bees, some also touch upon their ability to cause pain. Conclusions: Owing to the decreasing contacts and increasing alienization regarding insects generally, a plea is made to collect whatever information is still available about references to bees in songs, myths, stories, proverbs, and idioms and to compare such uses from different regions, e.g., North and South Korea. This would support other fields of research aiming to discover and to describe cultural relationships, migrations, and contacts between different peoples of the Asian/Australian region.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.101-106
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• 2014

PURPOSE: This study was to provide reference data and examine stroke and healty older differences in sit-to-stand test. This study were to determine utility of the 5 repetition sit to stand for discriminating between fallers and non-fallers, identifying an appropriate cutoff score to delineate between the groups. METHODS: Ninety-five participants were recruited. Seventy-two individuals with stroke and twenty-three healthy older agreed to participate in the study. Falls were recorded using a self-administered questionnaire. The 5 repetition sit to stand test measured the time taken to complete t repetitions of the sit to stand maneuver. The time from the initial seated position to the final seated position after completing five stands was the test measure. A cutoff score regarding 5 repetition sit to stand performance in fallers vs. non-fallers, stroke patients vs. healthy older and <60 vs. $$\geq_-$$ age groups was determined using and ROC curve. RESULTS: Cutoff score of 9.9 seconds were found to be discriminatory between healthy older and subjects with stroke. Cutoff score of 15.5 seconds were found to be discriminatory between fallers and non-fallers. Cutoff score of 18.3 seconds were found to be discriminatory between <60 and $$\geq_-$$ age groups. CONCLUSION: The 5-repetition sit-to stand test is quick, easily administered measure useful for gross determination of fall risk in people with stroke.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.345-358
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• 2020

Numerous studies have repeatedly demonstrated the efficiency of using skirts to increase the bearing capacity and to reduce settlement of shallow foundations subjected to static loads. However, no efforts have been made to study the efficiency of using these skirts to reduce settlement produced by machine vibration, although machines are very sensitive to settlement and the foundations of these machines should be designed properly to ensure that the settlement produced due to machine vibration is very small. This research has been conducted to investigate the efficiency of using skirts as a technique to reduce the settlement of a strip foundation subjected to machine vibration. A two-dimensional finite element model has been developed, validated, and employed to achieve the aim of the study. The results of the analyses showed that the use of skirts reduces the settlement produced due to machine vibration. However, the percentage decrease of the settlement is remarkably influenced by the density of the soil and the frequency of vibration, where it rises as the frequency of vibration increases and declines as the soil density rises. It was also found that increasing skirt length increases the percentage decrease of the settlement. Importantly, the results obtained from the analyses have been utilized to derive new dynamic impedance values that implicitly consider the presence of skirts. Finally, novel design equations of dynamic impedance that implicitly account to the effect of the skirts have been derived and validated utilizing a new intelligent data driven method. These new equations can be used in future designs of skirted strip foundations subjected to machine vibration.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.53-60
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• 2007

Storytelling approach is the way to formulate and solve problems using stories. Story is a means to understand and react everyday life that can be regarded as multi-dimensional problems. The approach becomes popular in various fields in conjunction with digital technology. In particular, it is used to solve problems in relation to whole context. In design, storytelling approach is used to clarify design constraints. It can be used to clarify and communicate thoughts for design artifacts, and to understand how the artifacts might be used in particular circumstances. In particular, the approach is useful to use under uncertain circumstances. In architecture, storytelling approach can be used in the area of design generation, design critique and capturing design knowledge. In design generation, it can be used to describe and formulate design experiences rather than simple designing artifacts. The approach formalizes design based on stories of user experiences. Digital technology such as virtual reality can be used to experience designed spaces for design modifications. In design critique area, it can be used to fill uncertain facts for historical buildings as welt as different from present status. Such stories can be used to build digital modeling and used to open criticism. Stories can be used to formalize knowledge in architectural domain as a form of implicit knowledge for certain projects. In architecture, it often is required to design types of environment never experienced before as well as to accomodate fast changing technologies. Storytelling methodology can be used as a method to cope with uncertainty and complexity in design requirements along with accumulating design knowledge.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.1152-1168
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• 2019

Objectives: The aim of this study was to present several proposals for future pulse diagnosis practice and research by investigating the trend of pulse diagnosis studies in Korea. Methods: We searched online medical databases, including National Discovery for Science Leaders (NDSL), the Oriental Medicine Advanced Searching Integrated System (OASIS), the Research Information Sharing Service (RISS), and the Korean Traditional Knowledge Portal (KTKP), for pulse diagnosis articles in Korea. We selected articles on pulse diagnosis but excluded duplicate articles, articles irrelevant to pulse diagnosis, and articles published in foreign countries. Results: In the first screening, 801 articles were selected. We found 251 articles and classified them according to category. The medical engineering field had 148 articles. A total of 24 articles were related to algorithms for pulse wave detection, 34 to sensors, five to pressurization technology, 16 to systems, 11 to remote medical service, five to mobiles, nine to trends, and 44 to basic research. The Korean medicine field had 103 articles. A total of 41 articles were devoted to literature reviews, 20 to case reports, 11 to constitutional medicine, six to experimental studies, and 25 to relevant research. Conclusion: More efforts to practice pulse diagnosis for various diseases should be made and the results actively published.

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.255-294
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• 2003

This paper is relating to the debates upon the physicians' duty to issue the prescription documents to their patients. The duty should be approached in light of the patients' right to know about the prescription and pharmacy. The Korean Constitution is construed to protect the citizens' right to know as a fundamental right. The Constitution article 10 reads as follows: "All citizens shall be assured of human dignity and worth and have the right to pursue happiness. It is the duty of the State to confirm and guarantee the fundamental and inviolable human rights of individuals." The rights confirmed and guarantee by this article include the patients' right to know about what happens to their body, that is the treatments taken for them and so on. One of the treatments is the prescription and pharmacy. The information is necessary for them to establish their action for the damages in case of their harm resulted in by the negligence in prescription and pharmacy. Now that the prescription is written about by a physician and then the pharmacists compound the prescribed medicines, the patients need to get the documents signed by the pharmacists about the pharmacy. It should be noted that the patients right to know is the right to know and remember. Therefore the patients, who are laymen about the pharmacy, need two prescription documents one of which should be kept by them even after they take the prescribed and compounded medicines for the potential trial.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.143-153
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• 2004

This research aimed to assess nursing homes for the elderly with geriatric diseases in Japan, and to prepare the knowledge basis to develop nursing home for the elderly with geriatric diseases in Korea. For this, researcher visited 5 facilities in Tokyo from October 3 to October 9 in 2002, collected data by observations, interviews, and visual materials by taking photographs. Visual materials were analyzed according to the environmental assessment matrix consisted of supportiveness, flexibility, efficiency in perception, accessibility, safety, amenity, and social Interaction that were assorted and were given a name by these researchers in the process of this research. Among the characteristics of environmental design of the analysis cases, 992 items picked out from 722 visual materials were used in the analysis. The data were analyzed using the frequency and percentage with SPSS 11 program. The analysis results were the fellowing. The characteristics of recent nursing home design in Japan tended to focus on supportiveness, amenity, and efficiency in perception but to leave much desired in flexibility and safety. In each space, space to support outdoor activities tended to focus on efficiency in perception, space to support living activities tended to focus on amenities, space to support treatment and living tended to focus on supportiveness, space to support administration and operation tended to focus on supportiveness, and space to support movement tended to focus on amenities.