• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.620-628
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• 2015

A fungal strain, R9, was isolated from the South Atlantic sediment sample and identified as Aspergillus fumigatus. An antifungal protein, AfAFP_R9, was purified from the culture supernatant of Aspergillus fumigatus R9. AfAFP_R9 was identified to be restrictocin, which is a member of the ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIPs), by MALDI-TOF-TOF-MS. AfAFP_R9 displayed antifungal activity against plant pathogenic Fusarium oxysporum, Alternaria longipes, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Paecilomyces variotii, and Trichoderma viride at minimum inhibitory concentrations of 0.6, 0.6, 1.2, 1.2, and 2.4 μg/disc, respectively. Moreover, AfAFP_R9 exhibited a certain extent of thermostability, and metal ion and denaturant tolerance. The iodoacetamide assay showed that the disulfide bridge in AfAFP_R9 was indispensable for its antifungal action. The cDNA encoding for AfAFP_R9 was cloned from A. fumigatus R9 by RT-PCR and heterologously expressed in E. coli. The recombinant AfAFP_R9 protein exhibited obvious antifungal activity against C. gloeosporioides, T. viride, and A. longipes. These results reveal the antifungal properties of a RIP member (AfAFP_R9) from marine-derived Aspergillus fumigatus and indicated its potential application in controlling plant pathogenic fungi.

• 공업화학
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.842-845
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• 1998

디히드록시 화합물과 oxalyl chloride의 반응에 의해 4가지 새로운 lactone류와 ${\alpha}$,${\omega}$-dibromo 화합물과의 반응에 의해 dibenzo crown ether를 합성하였다. 5,6,11,12- Tetracarbonyl-2,2,3,3,8,8,9,9-octaphenyl-1,4,7,10-tetraoxacyclododecane(1), 5,6,11,12- tetracarbonyl-2,2,3,3,8,8,9,9-octamethyl-1,4,7,10-tetraoxacyclododecane(2), 7,8,15,16- tetracarbonyl-1,6,9,14-tetraoxacylclohexadecane(3), 5,6,11,12-tetracarbonyl-2,3,8,9- tetraphenyl-1,4,7,10-tetraoxacyclododecane(4)는 pyridine 존재 하에서 각각 benzopinacol, pinacol, 2,2'-dihydroxybiphenyl, hydrobenzoin과 oxalyl chloride의 반응에 의해 합성하였다. Dibenzo-13-crown-4(5)는 catechol과 1,3-dibromopropane/1,2-dibromoethane의 반응에 의해 각각 25%, 12%, 20%, 75%, 25%의 수율로 합성하였다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.1694-1698
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• 2004

We hope to evaluate the effects of Sabaek-san for the bronchial asthma using assesment on the metrix metalloproteinase-9(MMP-9) after Sabaek-san was intravenously administered OVA-sensitized and -challenged mice. Seventy-two female mice, 8-10 weeks of age and free of murine specific pathogens, were used. Of the seventy-two mice, twenty-four mice were not sensitized and forty-eight mice were sensitized by intraperitoneal injection of OVA. Of the sensitized mice, twenty-four mice didn't administrate Sabaek-san and twenty-four administrated Sabaek-san. Mice were sensitized on days 1 and 14 by intraperitoneal injection of 20 fig OVA. On days 21, 22 and 23 after the initial sensitization, the mice were challenged for 30 minutes with an aerosol of 1% OVA in saline. Sabaek-san administered 200㎎/㎏ in the tail of the mouse, one time per day, for 7 days, beginning 14 days after first sensitization. Bronchoalveolar lavage was performed 72 hours after the last challenge, and total cell numbers in the BAL fluid were count. Also, level of MMP-9 in the BAL fluid were measured by Enzyme immunoassays and Western blot analysis. Enzyme immunoassay revealed that MMP-9 levels in the BAL fluids significantly increased 72 h after OVA inhalation compared with levels in the control group. After administration of the Sabaek-san, the levels of the MMP-9 in BAL fluids 72 h after OVA inhalation reduced dramatically. Western blot analysis revealed that MMP-9 levels increased in the all mice which were challenge with OVA without administered Sabaek-san compared the normal mouse. However, in the groups of the administered Sabaek-san, the MMP-9 level markedly decreased. Sabaek-san might be effect the treatment of the bronchial asthma as a inhibition of the MMP-9.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제51권4호
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• pp.426-430
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• 2008

환상 염색체의 발생 기전은 염색체 말단 부분이 결손된 후 양 끝이 융합되거나 끝분절 염기서열이 앞뒤역순상동서열로 융합될 경우로 생각되고 있다. 환상 염색체는 세포 분열을 하는 동안 불안정하기 때문에 세포핵이 없는 딸세포의 사망률이 증가하게 되어 생존하는 세포수가 감소하고 성장 장애가 발생하게 된다. 표현형은 염색체 손실의 정도에 따라 다양하다. 저자들은 최초로 심각한 저신장을 주소로 내원한 환아의 염색체 검사상 환상 9번 염색체를 확인하였기에 이를 보고하는 바이다.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제17권8호
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• pp.840-845
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• 2004

The microstructure and microwave dielectric properties of $(1-x){Mg}_4{Ta}_2{O}_9-xTi{O}_2(x=0\sim0.9)$ ceramics were investigated. The specimens were prepared by the conventional mixed oxide method with sintering temperature of 140$0^{\circ}C$∼150$0^{\circ}C$. To improve the quality factor and the temperature coefficient of resonant frequency,$ Ti{O}_2(\varepsilon\Gamma=100, Q\times f_\Gamma=40,000 GHz,\ta_f= +450 ppm\diagup^{\circ}C $ was added in ${Mg}_4{Ta}_2{O}_9$ceramics. The dielectric and structural properties were investigated. According to the XRD patterns, $(1-x){Mg}_4{Ta}_2{O}_9-xTi{O}_2(x=0\sim0.9)$ ceramics had the ${Mg}_4{Ta}_2{O}_9$ phase(hexagonal) and ${MgTi}_2{O}_5$phase(orthorhombic). The dielectric constant($\varepsilon_r$). quality($Qtimes{f}_r$${\tau}_f$) of the $(1-x){Mg}_4{Ta}_2{O}_9-xTi{O}_2(x=0\sim0.9)$ ceramics were 8.12∼18.59, 18,750∼186,410 GHz and －36.02∼＋3.46 ppm/$^{\circ}C$, respectively.

• 전기전자학회논문지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.392-399
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• 2015

본 논문에서는 HEVC와 VP9 코덱의 계수 변환 (Transform)을 수행하는 통합형 아키텍쳐를 제안하여 하드웨어 크기를 줄이고자 한다. 제안하는 아키텍쳐는 HEVC $4{\times}4$ IDCT, HEVC $4{\times}4$ IDST, VP9 $4{\times}4$ IDCT, VP9 $4{\times}4$ IADST를 통합 하드웨어에서 처리가 가능하다. HEVC $4{\times}4$ IDCT와 VP9 $4{\times}4$ IDCT는 계수의 스케일만 다를 뿐 동일한 IDCT 연산을 사용하며, 마찬가지로 HEVC $4{\times}4$ IDST와 VP9 $4{\times}4$ IADST도 계수의 스케일만 다를 뿐 동일한 IDST 연산을 사용한다. 더욱이 IDCT 연산과 IDST 연산에는 상당히 많은 유사점이 있어 일부 하드웨어를 공동으로 사용할 수 있다. 따라서 제안하는 하드웨어는 4가지 연산에 대해 곱셈기의 계수는 각각 다르지만 버터플라이 덧셈기등은 공통으로 사용하여 통합적으로 수행한다. 0.18um 공정에서 합성했을 때 게이트 수가 약 6,679 게이트로 기존 아키텍처 대비 25.3% 감소함을 확인하였다.

• 한국식물생명공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국식물생명공학회 2005년도 추계학술대회 및 한일 식물생명공학 심포지엄
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• pp.27-39
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• 2005

a-Ketol linolenic acid [KODA, 9,10-ketol-octadecadienoic acid, or 9-hydroxy-10 -oxo-12(Z), 15(Z)-octadecadienoic acid] was found as a stress-induced factor in Lemna paucicostata. KODA reacts with catecholamines to generate many products that strongly induce flowering in L. paucicostata, although KODA itself was inactive. KODA contains an asymmetric carbon at the 9-position in the molecule; the 9-hydroxyl group is predominantly 9R, with an enantiomeric excess of 40% (70% 9R and 30% 9S). We analyzed two major products of the reaction between KODA and norepinephrine, named FN1 and FN2. FN1 was identified as a tricyclic a-ketol fatty acid, 9(R)-11-{(2'R,8’R,10'S,11'S)-2',8'-dihydroxy-7'-oxo-11'-[(Z)-2-pentenyl]-9'-oxa-4'-azatricyclo[6.3.1.01.5]dodec-5'en-10'-yl}-9-hydroxy-10-oxoundecanoic acid. FN2 was the C-9 epimer of FN1. FN1 was derived from 9R-type KODA and FN2 from 9S-type. FN1 showed strong flower-inducing activity, but FN2 was inactive. Pharbitis nil (violet) is a typical short-day plant; flowering can be induced by exposing a seedling cultivated under continuous light to a single 16-h dark period. We analyzed endogenous KODA levels and showed that they were closely related to flower induction: KODA sharply increased in the later part of a 16-h dark period, on the other hand, it failed to increase in the night-break experiment. In addition to it, KODA increased transiently in immature flower buds in all the plants we examined, including P. nil. No such increase of KODA was seen in foliar buds of P. nil. When KODA was sprayed on seedlings of Pharbitis, flower induction was promoted only by the (R)-form of KODA. We also found that KODA enhances flowering in garden plants such as carnations and impatienses. These phenomena indicate that KODA may be involved in flowering formationg of plants and it is potentially useful for a regulating agent for commercial plant flowering.

• 대한불안의학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.119-124
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• 2010

Objective : The reliability and validity of the Korean version of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ- 9) was examined in Korean patients with depressive symptoms. Methods : Eighty six outpatients diagnosed as major depressive disorder or depressive episode of bipolar I disorder according to the DSM-IV criteria were assessed with the PHQ-9, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS), the Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology Self Report (QIDS-SR), and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). Results : The Cronbach's alpha coefficient from the PHQ-9 was 0.81. And the correlations of each item with the total score were statistically significant (r=0.28-0.70, p<0.01). The test-retest correlation coefficient (r=0.89, p<0.01) was relatively high and correlations of the PHQ-9 with the HDRS, QIDS-SR and CES-D were 0.70, 0.81, and 0.81 respectively. Conclusion : These results demonstrated that the Korean version of PHQ-9 could be a reliable and valid tool for the screening and assessment of depressive patients. The Korean version of PHQ-9 will be a useful tool for screening depressive symptoms in Korea.

• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.333-335
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• 1999

본 연구는 돼지 액상정액의 주입농도가 번식성적에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위하여 실시하였다. 1회 주입 정자수를 80$m\ell$ 병당 3.0$\times$$10^{9}$ , 2.5$\times$$10^{9}$ 2.0$\times$$10^{9}$ 및 $1.5\times$$10^{9}$ 으로 구분하여 인공 수정한 결과 주입 정자 농도가 $1.5\times$$10^{9}$ 일 경우 분만율 82.2%, 총산자수 10.9두로 나타났으며 처리별 농도간에 통계적인 유의차가 없었다. 또한 1회 적정 주입 정자농도를 추정한 결과 2.0~2.3$\times$$10^{9}$ 으로 나타났다.

• 한국자기공명학회논문지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.1-13
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• 2011

9Pbw2 is a 9-mer analog of protaetiamycine derived from the larvae of the beetle Protaetia brevitarsis. Previously, we designed four 9-mer peptide analogues to optimize the balance between the hydrophobicity and cationicity of the peptides and to increase bacterial cell selectivity. Among them, 9Pbw2 has high antibacterial activity without cytotoxicity. The results obtained in previous study suggest that the bactericidal action of 9Pbw2 may be attributed to the inhibition of the functions of intracellular components after penetration of the bacterial cell membrane. In order to understand structure-activity relationships, we determined the three-dimensional structure of 9Pbw2 in 200 mM DPC micelle by NMR spectroscopy. 9Pbw2 has one hydrophobic turn helix from $Trp^3$ to $Arg^8$ and positively charged residues at the N- and C-terminus. This result suggested that positively charged residues from position at the C-terminus in 9Pbw2 may be important for the primary binding to the negatively charged phospholipid head groups in bacterial cell membranes and hydrophobic residues in the middle portion face toward the acyl chains of the hydrophobic lipid in the bacterial cell membrane.