• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.143-161
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• 2002

We proceeded the judgement of Sasang constitution of 79 children(the age 101 between 15) who have visited Dongguk Bundang Oriental Medical Hospital during 3 months from August 2002 to October 2002 by Questionnaire of Sasang Constitution Classification and conducted questionnaire survey about the type of disease and symptom occurred frequently. The conclusion is following. 1. The distribution of Sasang constitution: Soeum group(少陰人) 32, Taeeuml group(太陰人) 29, Soyang group(少陽人) 18. 2. The distribution of systemic disease occurred frequently : in digestive system, Soeum (46.9%) & Soyang(44.4%) group more than Taeeum group(34.5%) and in genitourinary system and others, Soeum(28.1%) more than Taeeum group(17.2%). 3. The distribution of symptom occurred frequently : in rhinitis and sinusitis, Taeeum(60.0%) & Soeum(60.0%) more than Soyang(45.5%), in abdominal pain, Soeum(58.8%) & Soyang(62.5%) more than Taeeum(36.4%), and in diarrhea, Taeeum(45.5%) more than Soeum(123.5%) & Soyang group(25.0%). Headache & vexation(心煩) are almost found in Soeum group with abdominal pain and excessive sweating is only found in Taeeum group. 4. The efficacy of herbal medication combined with Cervix Cornu Pranum (鹿茸加味劑) : after the medication, change of condition have showed in Taeeum group at the most high rate(31.0%) and showed in Soeum(15.6%) and Soyang(11.1%) group. 5. The distribution of allergic disease: allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis took up the majority of all allergic diseases. In morbidity of allergic rhinitis, Taeeum(62.1%) & Soyang(55.6%) more than Soeum(37.5%). In morbidity of other allergic diseases and degree of severity, it has no difference among three Sasang constitution groups.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.355-361
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• 2008

Pollen is very important causing factor for allergy such as allergic rhinitis, allergic conjunctivitis, and asthma, and pollen allergy has a remarkable clinical impact all over Korea. The main pollination period covers about half the year, from spring to autumn, and the distribution of airborne pollen taxa of allergological interest is related to pollen season dynamics. Korean academy of pediatric allergy and respiratory diseases (KAPARD) has evaluated the pollen characteristics and nationwide pollen count for over 10 years since 1997. Airborne particles carrying allergens were collected daily from nationwide 8 stations (Seoul, Guri, Cheongju, Daegu, Kwangju, Busan, Kangneung, and Jeju) by using 7 days-Burkard sampler (Burkard Manufacturing Co Ltd, Hertfordshire, UK) in South Korea (July 1, 1997-June 30, 2007). They were counted and recorded along with the meteorological factors daily. Tree pollen is a major airborne allergen in spring, grass is most common in summer, and weed pollen is major pollen in autumn in Korea. There has two peak seasons for pollen allergy, as summer and autumn. There is some evidence suggesting that the prevalence of allergic diseases in Korea has been on the increase in the past decade. However, recent findings of the phase I and II studies of the international Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) study showed the absence of increases or little changes in prevalence of asthma symptoms and diagnosis rates in Korea, whereas the prevalence of allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis were increased. We reported the evidence that sensitization rate to weed pollen has been increased yearly since 1997 in childhood. Climate change and air pollution must be the major causing factors for the increase of pollen counts and sensitization rate to pollen. Climate change makes the plants earlier pollination and persisting pollination longer. In conclusion, data on pollen count and structure in the last few years, the pathogenetic role of pollen and the interaction between pollen and air pollutants with climate change gave new insights into the mechanism of respiratory allergic diseases in Korea.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.37-42
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• 2013

Taxifolin glycoside is a new drug candidate for the treatment of atopic dermatitis (AD). Many drugs cause side effects such as long QT syndrome by blocking the human ether-a-go-go related gene (hERG) $K^+$ channels. To determine whether taxifolin glycoside would block hERG $K^+$ channels, we recorded hERG $K^+$ currents using a whole-cell patch clamp technique. We found that taxifolin glycoside directly blocked hERG $K^+$ current in a concentration-dependent manner ($EC_{50}=9.6{\pm}0.7{\mu}M$). The activation curve of hERG $K^+$ channels was negatively shifted by taxifolin glycoside. In addition, taxifolin glycoside accelerated the activation time constant and reduced the onset of the inactivation time constant. These results suggest that taxifolin glycoside blocks hERG $K^+$ channels that function by facilitating activation and inactivation process.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.749-752
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• 2006

The house dust mites are well known to the most important causative allergens of major allergic diseases like pediatric asthma, allergic rhinitis or atopic dermatitis. This study was done for assessment of naphthalene effect against breeding suppression of the house dust mites. Twenty live adult house dust mites(Dermatophaogoides pteronyssinus) were each inoculated on mixed culture media containing 0 mg (control), 1mg, 2 mg, 3 mg, 5 mg, and 10 mg naphthalene and incubated at $25^{\circ}C$ with a relative humidity of 75%. After 4 weeks mean number of live house dust mites were 191.5, 24.3, 1.3, 1.3, 0, and 0, respectively. Above results showing that the naphthalene can suppress of breeding the house dust mites in vitro.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.54-65
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• 2012

1. Objective : The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of TAM (Taraxacum mongolicum) on Th2 cytokine production in MC/9 mast cells. 2. Methods : The effects of TAM was analyzed by ELISA and Real-time PCR in MC/9 mast cells. Levels of IL-5, IL-13 were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays(ELISA). mRNA levels of IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-13 were analyzed with Real-time PCR. 3. Results : 1) TAM inhibited the IL-4 production significantly in comparison to PI-control group at concentration of $50{\mu}g/ml$, $100{\mu}g/ml$, $200{\mu}g/ml$. 2) TAM inhibited the IL-13 production significantly in comparison to PI-control group at concentration of $50{\mu}g/ml$, $100{\mu}g/ml$, $200{\mu}g/ml$. 3) TAM inhibited the IL-4 mRNA expression significantly in comparison to PI-control group at concentration of $100{\mu}g/ml$. 4) TAM inhibited the IL-5 mRNA expression significantly in comparison to PI-control group at concentration of $50{\mu}g/ml$, $100{\mu}g/ml$. 5) TAM inhibited the IL-6 mRNA expression significantly in comparison to PI-control group at concentration of $100{\mu}g/ml$. 6) TAM inhibited the IL-13 mRNA expression significantly in comparison to PI-control group at concentration of $100{\mu}g/ml$. 4. Conclusions : These results indicate that TAM (Taraxacum mongolicum) has the effect of decreasing the Th2 cytokine production in the MC/9 mast cell.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.27-49
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• 2005

당귀음자가감방(當歸飮子加減方)과 외치방(外治方) 병용의 아토피 치료 기전을 규명하고자 NC/Nga 생쥐의 동물 병태 모델을 이용하여 다양한 면역 반응을 관찰하였던 바, 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. NC/Nga 생쥐의 피부손상 정도 16주와 20부에 대조군에 비해 36.0%, 37.8% 감소하다. 2. NC/Nga 생쥐의 혈중(血中) IgE, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IgM, IgG1 및 IgG2a 수준은 대조군에 비하여 유의성 있게 감소하였고, IL-13 수준은 대조군에 비하여 감소하였으나 유의성을 나타내지 않았다. 반면, $IFN-{\gamma}$ 수준은 유의성 있게 증가하다. 3. NC/Nga 생쥐의 비장 무게는 대조군에 비하여 유의성있게 감소하였다. 4. NC/Nga 생쥐의 lymph node에서 B/f ratio는 증가된 대조군에 비하여 감소하였으며, $CD4^+$와 $CD8^+$ 세포 발현은 대조군에 비하여 증가하였고, $CD4^+$는 유의성있는 감소를, $CD8^+$는 유의성 없는 약간의 증가를 나타내었다. $CD69^+$, CD11a 세포 발현은 대조군에 비하여 유의성있게 감소하였다. 5. NC/Nga 생쥐의 피부조직배양에서 IL-4 IL-5, CCR3 유전자 발현은 대조군에 비하여 현저히 감소하였고, IL-6, IL-13, $CD69^+/CD3{\varepsilon}^+,{\;}CD19^+/CD44^+$ 발현량은 유의성있게 감소하였으며, $IFN-{\gamma}$의 유전자 발현은 대조군에 비하여 증가하였다. 6. NC/Nga 생쥐 귀, 목의 피부 조직 변화에서는 표피와 진피의 염증 정도와 침윤된 염증 면역세포 등이 대조군에 비하여 현저하게 감소되었다. 7. Lymphokine assay에서 IL-4 발현량은 대조군에 비하여 유의성 있게 감소(減少)하였고, $IFN-{\gamma}$의 발현량은 유의성 있게 증가하였다.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.211-216
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• 2008

Bufexamac which was used for treatment of atopic dermatitis is the drug which was made as the ointment. However, penetration rate of bufexamac was very low for the barrier effect of stratum corneum. Microneedle was used to increase transdermal delivery rate of the bufexamac. We tried to conjugate bufexamac and FITC for the detection of penetration rate of bufexamac. FITC-bufexamac was mixed in hydrogel for the treatment skin surface. Fluorescent spectrophotometer was used to analysis the concentration of FITC-bufexamac. Microscope using fluorescent filter was used to capture the image about location of FITC-bufexamac in the skin. We confirmed that permeation rate of bufexamac was increased with the treatment by microneedle and was increased by the increasing number treatment of microneedle.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.237-246
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• 2016

Purpose: The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of preschooler obesity/overweight and to identify associated factors. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study. Data for 591 preschoolers, 432 fathers and 538 mothers from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013-2014 were included. Obesity/overweight was defined by 2007 Korean National Growth Charts. T-test, Rao-Scott ${\chi}^2$, multivariate logistic regression was used for the analysis. Results: Prevalence rates for preschooler obesity/overweight were 14.9% (obesity, 5.4%; overweight, 9.5%). The preschoolers with atopic dermatitis or allergic rhinitis or asthma (OR=2.78, 95% CI [1.27-6.09], p=.011) and eating more thiamine per day (OR=1.01, 95% CI [1.00-1.02], p=.001) showed higher obesity/overweight development. The only parental factor affecting preschooler obesity/overweight was parental body mass index (father, OR=1.18, 95% CI [1.09-1.28], p<.001; mother, OR=1.09, 95% CI [1.04-1.15], p<.001). Conclusion: Interventions on preventing preschooler obesity should be introduced much earlier for children with risk factors. Results from this study can be used as preliminary data to develop effective strategies to prevent obesity in Korean preschoolers.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.1-9
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• 2004

Objectives: The objective of this study is to assess the clinical effect of Gagamjeonsibaekchul-san on child diarrhea. Methods: This clinical study was carried out with 42 cases(31male, 11female) of children aged 0 to 14 years old who visited the Department of Pediatrics, Dongguk University Bundang Oriental Hospital and were diagnosed as the diarrhea. Assessments were made with reference to sex, age, the duration of symptoms and physical history. To assess the impact of Gagamjeonsibaekchul-san, the complicated signs, the duration of treatment, the correlation between the use of Gagamjeonsibaekchul- san, san and the duration of symptom were examined before and after the treatment. Results: There were 31 males and 11 females in the incidence by sex. It showed that males were more than females. The most numerous age group was 0-2(19) followed by 3-7 (11) and 9-12 (12). According to the duration of symptom, 12 children have symptom for 0-7 days, 10 for 8-14 days, 11 for 15-20 days, 4 for 22-28 days and 5 over 28 days. With regard to the physical history of the sample, 5 children had atopic dermatitis, 3 children had enteritis, 3 children had rhinitis, 2 children had tonsillitis, 1 child had otitis media, 1 child had asthma and 1 child had pneumonia. The children also had the complicated signs: 22 children had anorexia, 17 children had abdominal pain, 13 children had vomiting and 8 children had nausea in digestive organ. In addition 11 children had dizziness, 7 children had general weakness, 1 child had enuresis and 1 child had sweat in general symptoms. For the duration of the treatment, 14 children were treated for 7 days, 13 for 8-10 days, 8 for 11-14 days, 3 for 15-21 days, 2 for 22-28 days and 2 for 29-40 days. No distinct relationship between the use of Gagamjeonsibaekchul-san and the duration of the symptom was found. Conclusion: Gagamjeonsibaekchul-san is effective in the treatment of intestine mucous membrane and improves the function of digestive system. It is also an effective short-term treatment for child diarrhea.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.11-11
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• 2004

Objectives: The objective of this study is to assess the clinical effect of Gagamjeonsibaekchulsan on child diarrhea. Methods: This clinical study was carried out with 42 cases(31male, 11female) of children aged 0 to 14 years old who visited the Department of Pediatrics, Dongguk University Bundang Oriental Hospital and were diagnosed as the diarrhea. Assessments were made with reference to sex, age, the duration of symptoms and physical history. To assess the impact of Gagamjeonsibaekchulsan, the complicated signs, the duration of treatment, the correlation between the use of Gagamjeonsibaekchul- san and the duration of symptom were examined before and after the treatment. Results: There were 31 males and 11 females in the incidence by sex. It showed that males were more than females. The most numerous age group was 0-2(19) followed by 3-7 (11) and 9-12 (12). According to the duration of symptom, 12 children have symptom for 0-7 days, 10 for 8-14 days, 11 for 15-20 days, 4 for 22-28 days and 5 over 28 days. With regard to the physical history of the sample, 5 children had atopic dermatitis, 3 children had enteritis, 3 children had rhinitis, 2 children had tonsillitis, 1 child had otitis media, 1 child had asthma and 1 child had pneumonia. The children also had the complicated signs: 22 children had anorexia, 17 children had abdominal pain, 13 children had vomiting and 8 children had nausea in digestive organ. In addition 11 children had dizziness, 7 children had general weakness, 1 child had enuresis and 1 child had sweat in general symptoms. For the duration of the treatment, 14 children were treated for 7 days, 13 for 8-10 days, 8 for 11-14 days, 3 for 15-21 days, 2 for 22-28 days and 2 for 29-40 days. No distinct relationship between the use of Gagamjeonsibaekchul-san and the duration of the symptom was found. Conclusion: Gagamjeonsibaeichul-san is effective in the treatment of intestine mucous membrane and improves the function of digestive system. It is also an effective short-term treatment for child diarrhea.