• Title/Summary/Keyword: 흡연 청소년

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Descriptive literature review on the evaluation of the youth smoking prevention program effectiveness (청소년 흡연중재 교육프로그램의 효과평가에 관한 설명적 문헌고찰)

  • Park, Kyoung-Ok;Lee, Kyung-Won
    • The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
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    • v.6
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    • pp.35-48
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    • 2005
  • The age of the very first smoking is a significant indicator of life-long health status. Smoking prevention intervention was actively conducted based in middle and high schools with the support of the Korean Act for Health Promotion since 1998. These governmental supports became large and various smoking prevention programs were developed and conducted in diverse standards and perspectives. This study made a comprehensive descriptive literature review on smoking prevention educational programs for youth in Korea to identify the intervention quality and effectiveness of them for future smoking prevention program development. A total of 28 peer-reviewed journal articles published between May, 1995 and May 2005 (for the last 10 years) were finally included in this review process. The study participants should be adolescences in middle or high schools in Korea and the intervention types of the review studies should be smoking prevention or cessation educational programs. The outcomes of the reviewed studies were reanalyzed by the participants' characteristics, theory basement, evaluation design, intervention period, evaluation outcomes, and program effectiveness Most smoking intervention programs were not specified by sex and smoking status. Largely most intervention programs focused on male students although female students' smoking percent is increasing including both smokers and nonsmokers. Based on the school grades, the large percents of smoking intervention were conducted to the first grade of middle school and the first grade of high school. Almost 70% of the reviewed studies did not apply any health behavior change theories and the Transtheoretical model and social cognitive theory were utilized in 7 studies among the last reviewed 30%. The theory-based intervention studies had greater effectiveness than the non-theory based studies. More than 90% had quasi-experimental evaluation design and the effectiveness of the non-experimental designed study seemed over estimated than the quasi-experimental or experimental designed studies. More than 60% of the reviewed studies made their education for less than j days, over a short period and the evaluation factors were knowledge and attitude in general which can be obtained in short intervention period. Therefore, smoking intervention programs for youth in Korea need to be modified in terms of research design such as the intervention period, intervention-evaluation design, theory-based approach, and population-focused intervention specification.

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Estimation of Smoking Prevalence among Adolescents in a Community by Design-based Analysis (설계기준 분석 방법에 의한 지역사회 청소년 흡연율 추정)

  • Park, Soon-Woo;Lee, Sang-Won;Park, Jung Han;Yun, Yeon-Ok;Lee, Won-Kee;Kim, Jong-Yeon
    • Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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    • v.39 no.4
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    • pp.317-324
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    • 2006
  • Objectives: This study was conducted to estimate the unbiased smoking prevalence and its standard errors among adolescents in a large city in Korea, by design-based analysis. Methods: All the students in Daegu city were stratified by grade, gender and region, and then schools as primary sampling units (PSU) were selected by probability proportional to size (PPS) sampling. One or two classes were sampled randomly from each grade, from 5th grade in elementary schools to the 3rd grade in high schools. The students anonymously completed a standardized self-administered questionnaire from October to December 2004. The total number of respondents was 8,480 in the final analysis, excluding the third graders in the general high schools because of incomplete sampling. The sampling weight was calculated for each student after post-stratification adjustment, with adjustment being made for the missing cases. The data were analyzed with Stata 8.0 with consideration of PSU, weighting and the strata variables. Results: The smoking prevalence (%) and standard errors for male students from the fifth grade in elementary schools to the second grade in high schools were $0.93{\pm}0.47,\;1.83{\pm}0.74,\;3.16{\pm}1.00,\;5.12{\pm}1.02,\;10.86{\pm}1.13,\;15.63{\pm}2.44\;and\;17.96{\pm}2.67$, and those for the female students were $0.28{\pm}0.28,\;1.17{\pm}0.73,\;3.13{\pm}0.60,\;1.45{\pm}0.58,\;3.94{\pm}0.92,\;8.75{\pm}1.86\;and\;10.04{\pm}1.70$, sequentially. Conclusions: The smoking prevalence from this study was much higher than those from the other conventional studies conducted in Korea. The point estimates and standard errors from the design-based analysis were different from those of the model-based analysis. These findings suggest the importance of design-based analysis to estimate unbiased prevalence and standard errors in complex survey data and this method is recommended to apply to future surveys for determining the smoking prevalence for specific population.

우리나라의 모자보건사업 (여성과 어린이 건강문제와 증진방안)

  • Park Jeong-Han
    • 대한예방의학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 2002.07b
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    • pp.3-17
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    • 2002
  • 국민건강은 국가발전의 기본조건이다. 국민건강은 건강한 어린이의 출산에서 비롯되고, 건강한 어린이의 출산을 위하여 여성이 건강해야 한다 따라서 여성과 어린이 건강보호와 증진을 위한 모자보건사업은 국가보건사업 중 최우선 사업으로 추진되어야 한다. 우리나라의 모자보건사업은 1960대부터 보건소를 통하여 가족계획, 산전관리, 안전분만유도, 예방접종을 중심으로 하였다. 1980년대에 들어와 전국민의료보험의 실현과 국민생활수준의 향상 등으로 산전관리 수진율과 시설분만율이 급격히 증가하여 1990년대 후반에는 거의 100%에 도달하였고, 가족계획실천율도 1991년에 79.4%까지 증가하여 합계출산율이 1.6으로 감소하였고, 어린이 기본예방접종률도 90%이상이 되어 전염병 발생률이 현저히 감소하였다. 전통적인 모자보건사업 관련 지표들이 이렇게 향상되자 일선 보건요원에서부터 중앙정부의 정책결정권자에 이러기까지 모자보건사업에 대한 관심도가 떨어져 중앙부처의 모자보건업무 담당 부서도 축소되고, 모자보건 사업도 쇠퇴하였다. 그러나 어린이와 여성의 건강실태를 자세히 들여다보면 심각한 문제들이 대두되고 있다. 시설 분만율의 증가에 따라 제왕절개분만율이 40%대까지 급증하였고, 모유수유률은 10%대로 떨어졌다. 어린이의 체격은 커지고 있으나 체력은 떨어지고, 비만한 어린이가 급증하여 당뇨병과 같은 성인병 유병률이 어린이들에게 증가하고, 사고에 의한 어린이 사망과 장애가 늘고 있다. 또한 청소년들의 흡연율과 음주률이 증가하고, 성적 성숙이 빨라지고 사회의 개방풍조로 성(性)활동 연령이 낮아지고 성활동이 증가하여 혼전임신과 성폭력이 증가하고 있다. 여성들은 일찍 단산하고, 폐경 연령은 높아지고, 평균수명은 길어져 중년기와 장년기 그리고 노년기가 길어져 각종 만성질환에 이환될 기회가 늘어났다. 이러한 시기의 중요 건강문제들은 뇌혈관질환, 폐암, 유방암, 골다공증, 뇨실금 등과 같이 해결하기 어려운 것들이다. 이렇게 어린이와 여성들에게 새로운 건강문제들이 대두되고 있으나 이에 대한 대응정책이 없었고, 따라서 새로운 모자보건사업이 개발되지 않았으며 일선 보건요원의 훈련도 없었다. 그리고 이러한 건강실태를 파악하여 대책을 마련하고, 보건사업을 평가할 수 있는 보건정보체계가 없는 실정이다. 1990년대 중반에 소수의 학자들이 어린이와 여성건강문제의 심각성을 제기하고, 모자보건사업 활성화의 필요성을 주장하여 보건복지부가 '모자보건선도보건사업'이라는 이름으로 1999년부터 2001년까지 3년간 23개 보건소에서 시범사업을 시행하였다. 이 시범사업에서는 한정된 자원으로 여성과 어린이 보건문제를 효과적으로 해결하기 위해 새로운 보건사업의 개발과 효율적으로 수행하는 방법의 개발에 역점을 두어 많은 성과를 거두었다. 시범사업의 경험을 바탕으로 2002년에는 전국의 45개 보건소로 확대해나가고 있다. 모자보건선도보건사업에서는 임산부가 대상이었던 기존의 모자보건사업과는 달리 신생아, 영유아, 학동기 어린이, 청소년, 그리고 신혼부부에서부터 장년기 여성에 이르기까지 사업대상을 확대하고 생애주기에 따라 지역사회 건강문제해결을 목표로 한 보건사업을 수행하도록 하였다. 사업수행 과정에서 보건소는 지역내 대학과 협력체계를 구축하여 기술적 지원을 받고, 보건요원의 교육 훈련을 통해 사업기획 능력과 전문지식과 기술을 향상시켰고, 보건교육에 필요한 시설과 장비를 구입하였고, 민간의료기관과 연계하여 보건서비스의 질을 향상시켰다. 모자보건 선도보건소에서 제공하는 서비스는 취약계층 중심의 보건교육, 상담 및 지도, 고위험대상자 조기발견 및 민간기관 의뢰 및 주구관리, 질병 조기발견을 위한 검진 의뢰, 지역 보건통계 생산과 관리, 그리고 지역내 가용자원 안내 등이며, 저소득층에 대해서는 민간의료기관에 의뢰 또는 검진비용을 지원하였다. 이와 같이 지역사회 민간기관과 협력체계를 구축함에 따라 대상자를 지속적으로 관리할 수 있는 정보를 공유하게 되었고, 건강증진 및 질병예방, 치료, 사후관리를 포함한 지속적이고 포괄적인 서비스를 제공할 수 있게 되었다. 특히 고위험 및 건강의심 대상, 임부와 장년기 여성에 대해서는 건강검진서비스를 과감히 민간기관에 의뢰, 위탁하친 보건소는 상담자, 정보관리자로서의 역할로 전환할 수 있었다. 그러나 사업관리자의 양적 평가에 대한 고정관념과 질적 평가에 대한 인식부족, 기본 생정통계와 정보체계의 미비로 인한 부정확한 통계생산, 사업요원의 전문지식과 기술 부족, 그리고 인력부족 등이 문제점으로 대두되었다. 효율적인 사업확산과 조기 정착을 위해 중앙정부의 일관성 있는 정책과 재정적 지원이 필수적이며, 보건정보체계확립, 그리고 공공보건기관과 민간의료기관간의 공식적인 협력체계확립이 필요하다. 사업추진 모니터링 및 평가, 조정을 위하여 중앙에 '모자보건 선도사업 기술지원단'을 구성하여 운영하고, 프로그램 운영이 잘되는 보건소를 특성화 보건소로 지원 육성하고, 사업요원의 업무 적정화를 위한 보건소 조직과 기존 보건사업체계의 평가와 재편이 필요하다. 보건사업요원의 자질 향상을 위한 지속적인 교육 훈련 시스템과 보건통계생산 관리를 위한 정보체계의 구축이 요구된다. 모자보건사업관련 보건교육자료를 수집하고 개발하여 전국 보건소에 공급하는 중앙 보건교육자료 및 정보센터가 필요하다.

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A Research on Recognition of Oral Health Based on Oral Health Education for Adolescents in Some Reformatories (일부 소년원 청소년의 구강보건교육에 따른 구강건강 인식도 조사)

  • Hong, Song-Hee
    • Journal of dental hygiene science
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    • v.7 no.3
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    • pp.187-191
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    • 2007
  • In this study a research was conducted with 108 adolescents sent to three reformatories in D city to investigate their recognition of oral health so that they could assess their knowledge of oral health and improve oral health through correct oral health education. For this purpose, after the primary survey from June 13 to 28, 2006, oral health education was implemented through audio-vidual teaching aids and tooth-brushing training using one toothbrush per person, followed by the secondary survey using the same questionnaire. The research obtained the following results. 1. As for recognition of the concept of dental caries, the answer that it was a disease developing on teeth increased from 75.0% before oral health education to 82.4% after the education, which showed statistically significant differences (p < 0.001). 2. As for recognition of a preventive agent for dental caries, the answer that it was fluorine increased from 34.3% before oral health education to 75.0% after the education, which showed statistically significant differences (p < 0.001). 3. As for recognition of a good tooth-brushing method, the answer that it was a rotating method increased from 21.3% before oral health education to 95.4% after the education. 4. As for recognition of the amount of time for tooth-brushing, the answer that it was three minutes increased from 58.3% before oral health education to 88.9% after the education, which showed statistically significant differences (p < 0.001). 5. As for recognition of effects of smoking on oral health, the answer that it was bad increased from 65.7% before oral health education to 93.5% after the education. 6. As for recognition after oral health education for improving oral health, "completely agree" (78.7%) comprised the largest percentage (p < 0.001) for "teeth are important for health"; "completely agree" (76.9%) comprised the largest percentage (p < 0.001) for "correct tooth-brushing serves to prevent an oral disease"; "completely agree" (37.0%) comprised the largest percentage (p < 0.001) for "scaling is necessary to prevent a gingival disease"; "completely agree" (77.8%) comprised the largest percentage (p < 0.001) for "non-smoking is good for dental health"; "completely agree" (62.0%) comprised the largest percentage (p < 0.001) for "a seasonal medical check-up should be taken by all means".

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Effect of High Calcium Diet on the Zinc and Copper Balance in Korean Female Adolescents (청소년기 여자에서 고칼슘 섭취가 아연과 구리 평형에 미치는 영향)

  • 최보영;남혜경;황용주;김선희
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.30 no.5
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    • pp.894-899
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    • 2001
  • Intakes and excretions of zinc and copper were determined for 8 female adolescents (aged 16.4$\pm$0.5 y; body mass index 20.4$\pm$1.3kg/$m^2$; body fat 33.3$\pm$2.5%; bone mineral density of lumbar spine in L2-L4; 0.96$\pm$0.08g/$\textrm{cm}^2$) when they consumed diets basal and high in calcium for 6 days each. All subjects consumed a basal Ca diet containing 800 mg, Korean RDA level of the subjects, and a high Ca diet containing 1200mg, RDA plus 2 SDs of calcium intake. The diets provided 58% of energy intake as carbohydrate, 25% as fat, and 17% as protein. Food, urine and fecal samples were collected during the last 3 days of each feeding period and were assayed. Mean daily intakes on the basal and high calcium diets, respectively, were 6.57 and 6.37 mg for zinc and 910 and 812 $\mu\textrm{g}$for copper. Fecal excretion of copper and zinc in relation to intake was significantly greater on the high calcium than on the basal calcium diet. Hence, apparent absorption rate was significantly lowered from 98.7% on the basal calcium diet to 97.9% on the high calcium diet for zinc from 66.3% to 56.4% for copper, respectively. Urinary loss of copper was not detectable but that of zinc was 0.38mg on the basal diet and 0.47mg on the high calcium diet. Copper retention was 899$\pm$105$\mu\textrm{g}$/day on the basal calcium diet and 792$\pm$20.8$\mu\textrm{g}$/day on the high calcium diet, and zinc retention was 3.95$\pm$0.91mg/day and 3.11$\pm$0.89mg/day. Thus, copper and zinc retention was significantly decreased on the high calcium diet (p<0.05). Summarizing the results, apparent absorption and retention of zinc and copper were significantly decreased by calcium supplementation. Therefore, it is suggested that interactions among minerals should be considered in determining RDA.

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Correlation of inhalant MAST on chronically coughing children (만성 기침을 하는 소아에서 호흡기 증상과 inhalant MAST의 연관성)

  • Yun, Jung Min;Roh, Eui Jung;Lim, Jae Woo;Choen, Eun Jung;Ko, Kyoung Og;Lee, Young Hyuk
    • Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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    • v.49 no.6
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    • pp.643-647
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    • 2006
  • Purpose : Recently, incidences of chronic cough with allergic disease have been increased. The identification of specific allergens for chronically coughing children is significant for diagnosis, proper treatment and prevention. The aim of this study was to identify significant contributors for sensitization in chronically coughing children. Methods : A total of 106 children, aged 1-6 years, visiting for chronic cough(>3 weeks), were tested for inhalant multiple allergosorbent assay(MAST), eosinophil count and total IgE. Parents completed a questionnaire on past history of atopy(infantile eczema) and bronchiolitis, family history of allergy, breastfeeding, smoking, pets and floor coverings at home. Results : Significant contributors for sensitization were : age(4-6 years), infantile eczema, positive family history of allergy and smoking by family. Conclusion : We were able to identify significant contributors for sensitization in chronically coughing children.

Study of Utilization of Dental High School and according to the Pain Experienced Dental Fear (고등학생의 치과이용실태와 통증 경험에 따른 치과공포에 대한 연구)

  • Jun, Bo-Hye;Choi, Young-Suk
    • Journal of dental hygiene science
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    • v.14 no.1
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    • pp.59-66
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    • 2014
  • The purpose of this study was to study of utilization of dental high school and according to the pain experienced dental fear and anxiety. This survey was conducted on 370 high school students in Suwon from November 21 to 23, 2011. A total of 352 questionnaires were collected and analyzed. The collected data was analyzed using the statistical package SPSS 15.0 using frequency, mean and standard deviation analysis, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Duncan's test correlation analysis and Stepwise multiple regression analysis. The results state that students feel fear and anxiety were feeling anesthetic needle ($3.19{\pm}1.43$), seeing anesthetic needle ($3.14{\pm}1.44$). We found that students feel more rear and anxiety from caries treatment than scaling. It influence that having dental fear with past dental pain experienced during dental treatment and also hearing dental treatment of pain from their family and friends. We found out that there are some influencing factors on dental fear and anxiety, gender, oral health condition, smoking, pain experienced during dental treatment. We need to care dental fear and anxiety continuously and have prevention program. We have to try understanding students have dental fear and anxiety. So it's better they have good experience visiting dental clinic. We should develop the system and specially treat well while they have dental treatment with anesthesia and some sharp instruments.

Demands for Health Education through Internet in Middle and High School Students (중.고등학교 학생들의 인터넷을 이용한 보건교육 요구도)

  • Kang, Pock-Soo;Choi, Yeun-Hwa;Lee, Kyeong-Soo;Hwang, Tae-Yoon
    • Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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    • v.21 no.1
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    • pp.23-39
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    • 2004
  • Background: It is important to provide health education to students to ensure a healthy life. Using the internet for health education may be a way to overcome the practical barriers to health education such as time and content. This study was conducted to investigate the demands for health education using the internet. Subjects and methods: Six hundreds and twenty-four and male female students in middle and high schools, who lived on Gyeongju-si and Seongju-gun in Gyeongsangbuk-do province, were interviewed by means of structured questionnaires, from March 5 to March 28, 2003. Results: More than 90% of the subjects had their own computers, and nearly 38% of those possessing their own computers had accessed internet sites related to health and medicine. Middle school students and in particular, female students were more desirous for health education through e-mail. Regarding content, the three major topics which the respondents wanted to learn about were healthy lifestyles, growth and development, and disease prevention. In terms of the interval for providing educational materials, over half of the students wanted information once a week. Most of the students wanted to have the quantity of the material be one page. In addition, there were numerous additional topics requested by the students such as sleep and health, contraception and family planning, safety education, cancer prevention, emotional instability of juveniles, the utilization of medical care facilities, stress management, etc. Conclusion: The students had a desire for health education through the use of e-mail, and methods and materials should be developed for appropriate health education using the internet.

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A Study on the Development of Multimedia CAI in Smoking Prevention for Adolescents (청소년 흡연예방을 위한 멀티미디어 CAI 개발)

  • Lee, Sook-Ja;Park, Tae-Jin;Joung, Young-Il;Cho, Hyun
    • Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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    • v.20 no.2
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    • pp.35-61
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    • 2003
  • Background: The purpose of this study was to develop a structured and individualized smoking prevention program for adolescents by utilizing a multimedia computer-assisted instruction model and to empirically assess its effect. Method: For the purpose of this study, a guide book of smoking prevention program for middle and high school students was developed as the first step. The contents of this book were summarized and developed into an actual multimedia CAI smoking prevention program according to the Gane & Briggs instructional design and Keller's ARCS motivation design models as the second step. At the final step, the short-tenn effects of this program were examined by an experiment. This experiment were made for middle school and high school students and the quasi experimental design was the pretest - intervention - posttest. The measured data was attitude, belief, and knowledge about smoking, interest in the program, and learning motivation. Result: The results of this study were as follows: First, the guide book of a smoking prevention program was developed and the existing literature on adolescent smoking was analyzed to develop the content of the guide book. Then the curriculum was divided into three main domains on tobacco and smoking history, smoking and health, adolescent smoking and each main domain was divided into sub-domains. Second, the contents of the guide book were translated into a multimedia CAI program of smoking prevention througn Powerpoint software according to the instructional design theory. The characteristics of this program were interactive, learner controllable, and structured The program contents consisted of entrance(5.6%), history of tobacco(30%), smoking and health(38.9%), adolescent smoking(22.2%), video(4.7%), and exit(1.6%). Multimedia materials consisted of text(121), sound and music, image(still 84, dynamic 32), and videogram(6). The program took about 40 minutes to complete. Third, the results on analysis of the program effects were as follows: 1) There was significant knowledge increase between the pre-test and post-test with total mean difference 3.44, and the highest increase was in the 1st grade students of high school(p<0.001). 2) There was significant decrease in general belief on smoking between the pre-test and post-test with total mean difference 0.28. In subgroup analysis, the difference was significantly higher in the 1st grade of high school (p<0.001), low income class (p<0.001), and daily smokers (p<0.01). 3) There was no significant difference in attitudes on his personal smoking between the pre-test and post-test. 4) The interest in the program seemed to lower as students got older. The score of motivation toward this prevention program was the highest in the middle school 3rd grade. Among sub-domains of motivation, the confidence score was the highest. Conclusion: To be most effective, the smoking prevention program for adolescents should utilize the most up-to-date and accurate information on smoking, and then instructional material should be developed so that the learners can approach the program with enjoyment. Through this study, a guide book with the most up-to-date information was developed and the multimedia CAI smoking prevention program was also developed based on the guide book. The program showed positive effect on the students' knowledge and belief in smoking.

Prevalence and Associated Factors of Depressive Symptoms Among Elderly Individuals in Rural Areas of Jeju Island (제주 농촌 지역 노인들의 우울증상 유병률 및 관련 요인)

  • Hyun Ju Yang;Min Su Oh;Woo Young Im;Sung Wook Song
    • Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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    • v.32 no.1
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    • pp.43-51
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    • 2024
  • Objectives : This study aims to explore the prevalence of depressive symptoms among elderly residents in the relatively stable rural areas of Jeju and to examine the relationships between levels of depression, sociodemographic factors, and health habits. Methods : The study site was within rural Jeju, where elderly individuals aged 65 and older were randomly selected from the 'Agricultural Cohort' registered at the Centers for Farmers' Safety and Health Center. Trained interviewers conducted surveys using the Short Form Geriatric Depression Scale (sGDS-K), defining those with scores of 6 or above as experiencing depressive symptoms for the analysis. Other variables such as sex, age, educational level, marital status, annual income, subjective health status, underlying disease, perceived stress levels, smoking, and drinking status were also recorded Results : Out of 533 subjects, the prevalence of depressive symptoms was 35.3%, with 28.5% in male and 45.6% in female (p<0.001). Factors significantly associated with the prevalence of depressive symptoms included marital status (p=0.014), educational level (p<0.001), annual income (p=0.034), subjective health status (p<0.001), perceived stress level (p<0.001), feeling of despair (p<0.001) and suicidal ideas (p<0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that subjective health status, perceived stress level, and feelings of despair were associated with the prevalence of depressive symptoms. Conclusions : The high prevalence of depressive symptoms among the rural elderly in Jeju highlights the need for targeted mental health interventions. Addressing sociocultural factors and improving early detection and intervention strategies can help reduce the socioeconomic impact of depression in this population.