• 건강소식
• /
• v.30 no.5 s.330
• /
• pp.16-17
• /
• 2006

모든 암 사망률의 30%가 흡연으로 밝혀졌다. 담배 연기가 직접 접촉하는 부위에 생기는 암인 구강암, 혀암, 식도암, 기관지암, 폐암은 흡연이 원인의 90%를 차지한다. 담배 연기가 직접 접촉하지 않는 부위에 생기는 암인 자궁경부암, 췌장암, 방광암, 신장암, 위암, 혈액암의 위험은 흡연으로 인하여 1.5~3.0배 정도 증가하게 된다.

• 건강소식
• /
• v.37 no.5
• /
• pp.8-11
• /
• 2013

세계보건기구(WHO)의 자료에 따르면, 흡연자의 절반 가까이가 담배에 의해 생명을 잃는다고 한다. 담배는 매년 600만 명의 생명을 앗아간다. 그 중 500만명 이상은 현재 흡연 중이거나 끊은 사람들이다. 60만 명 이상의 비흡연자들도 간접흡연에 의해 생명을 잃는다. 긴급한 조치를 취하지 않는다면 매년 사망자는 계속 증가하여 2030년엔 800만 명을 넘을 것으로 예상된다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• v.41 no.5
• /
• pp.521-530
• /
• 1994

Background : The past studies on prediction formulas of pulmonary function parameters in healthy nonsmoking Korean adults have been performed in relatively small number of subjects and the reported results were restricted on a few parameters. Also there was no systematic investigation into the effect of smoking on pulmonary function parameters in smokers who have no respiratory symptoms. Therefore we attempted to establish prediction formulas of pulmonary function parameters and examined the effect of smoking on pulmonary function parameters. Methods We analyzed the result of parameters derived from the forced expiratory spirogram in 1,067 nonsmoking subjects from June in 1990 to December in 1991. They consisted of 306 males and 761 females and had neither respitatory symptoms nor history of respiratory disease. We derived prediction formulas by multiple linear regression method from their age, heights, and weights in each sex. To examine the effect of smoking on pulmonary function parameters, we classified 383 smoking men into three groups according to the past amount of smoking as follows : i.e. group of smokers who have smoked below 10 pack-years, 10-20 pack-years and above 20 pack-years. Regarding each group of past smoking as an independent dummy variable, we analyzed pulmonary function parameters including nonsmoking men as a baseline by multiple linear regression. We evaluated the smoking effect on pulmonary function parameters according to estimated p-value. Result : 1) Prediction formulas for pulmonary function parameters in each sex were derived. 2) The past smoking less than 10 pack-years does not give any effect on pulmonary function parameters. The past smoking of 10~20 pack-years showed significant negative correlation with $FEV_1$/FVC and FEF 25~75%, and the smoking above 20 pack years showed negative correlation with $FEV_1$ and $FEV_1$/FVC. Conclusion : We have got prediction formulas of pulmonary function parameters which is driven from forced expiratory spirogram in nonsmoking Korean adults by multiple linear regression from age, heights and weights of subjects. The past smoking more than 10 pack-years showed negative correlation with some pulmonary function parameters of airflow obstruction.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
• /
• v.26 no.1
• /
• pp.37-56
• /
• 2001

This study was conducted to analyze the degree of changes in knowledge and attitude toward smoking and to examine the factors affecting knowledge and attitude for smoking after providing a smoking prevention program based on social influence model for a year to middle school students. Study population consists of 665 subjects of middle school students(aged 14 years) in Gumi city in Kyeongsangbukdo Province. Among them three-hundred sixty-seven students(intervention group) were educated to a smoking prevention program for 1 year from April 1999 to April 2000. School-based four-class program to prevent smoking was developed. The program provides instruction about short and long-term negative physiologic and social consequences of smoking and also discussed the health hazards of smoking, social pressure to smoke, peer norms regarding tobacco use, and refusal skill. A 45-item self-administered structured questionnaire was designed to evaluate the change of knowledge, attitude, smoking rate and the amount of smoking. The instrument was comprised of 11 knowledge items, thirteen attitude item and demographic items. Each scales were created by summing responses to each items within each scales and high scores on the knowledge, attitude, and smoking behavioral intention scales indicated positive responses. Based on the changes before and after the implementation of smoking prevention program between intervention and control group, the change of scores on knowledge were significantly different between the control group and the intervention group(p<0.05) and the change of scores on the attitude toward smoking was significantly different between intervention and control group. The change of smoking rate were not showing a significant difference between two groups but the amount of smoking were significantly reduced in intervention group than control group. In multiple regression analysis on changes of knowledge about smoking, the variables of smoking prevention program education, previous knowledge on smoking and students' school performance were selected the significant variables. In multiple regression to analysis of the factors influencing changes in attitude toward smoking, the variables of smoking prevention program education, previous knowledge on smoking were shown to be significant. The smoking prevention program was effective on change of knowledge and attitude of middle school students. In considering that the policy should be needed to extent of implementation of school-based health education curricula based on social influence model and it would contribute to reduce smoking of students.

• Analytical Science and Technology
• /
• v.16 no.4
• /
• pp.299-308
• /
• 2003

The purpose of this study is to investigate cadmium concentrations among metals in ETS (Environmental Tobacco Smoke) of indoor environments and to evaluate the cadmium as a marker of ETS. The correlations of cadmium concentrations and nicotine, 3-EP, RSP, SD (Smoking Density), and SI (Smoking Index). Air samples of metals, nicotine, 3-EP, and RSP were taken in smoking room, smoking allowed office, corridor outside smoking room, and non-smoking office respectively. The SD, ACH, and SI were investigated during sampling. Airborne concentration of cadmium known as human carcinogen were qualified and quantified. The SD was 0.2 to $2.6cig/m^2{\cdot}hr$, and the mean value of SD in smoking rooms was $1.2cig/m^2{\cdot}hr$ that is higher than other researches. The mean of ACH in smoking rooms was 11.1. The concentrations of cadmium showed log-normal distributions and the geometric mean concentrations of cadmium in smoking rooms, corridor outside smoking rooms, smoking allowed offices, and non-smoking offices were $0.045{\mu}g/m^3$, $0.018{\mu}g/m^3$, $0.021{\mu}g/m^3$, and $0.017{\mu}g/m^3$ respectively. The concentrations of cadmium in smoking room showed significant difference according to category of indoor office environments (p<0.05) and showed compliance with occupational exposure limits. The correlation coefficients between cadmium and nicotine, 3-EP, and RSP were 0.53, 0.41, 0.43 respectively. The cadmium among metals showed the highest correlations (r=0.63) with SI. It was recommended cadmium among metals is a good indicator for ETS.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
• /
• v.48 no.1
• /
• pp.34-39
• /
• 2005

Purpose : Perinatal complications associated with maternal smoking and alcohol ingestion in pregnancy have been well documented. But until now there has been no clinical data on it collected in our country. In this paper, we tried to research the association between maternal smoking and alcohol ingestion in pregnancy and the physical indices of the neonate at delivery among unmaried mothers from one charitable institution. Methods : We enlisted 125 unmarried with a history of smoking and alcohol consumption during pregnancy who delivered a baby in National Medical Center from March, 2001 to March, 2004 as a study group. As a control, 174 unmarried mothers without a history of smoking and alcohol were enlisted. Then, we compared the physical indices - birth weight, height, and the head circumference - of the neonates from both groups. Furthermore, we investigated the effects of the period and the quantity of maternal smoking and alcohol ingestion on the physical indices of the neonates from the both groups. Results : Low physical indices of neonates were found in the study group(either smoking group, or drinking group) compared with the control group. The quantity of smoking or drinking and the period of smoking or drinking have no significant effect on physical indices. Conclusion : We found that maternal smoking and alcohol result in the low physical index of neonates, and educational initiatives must be directed at expectant mothers to emphasize the harmful effects of smoking and alcohol ingestion in pregnancy.

• The Science & Technology
• /
• v.35 no.5 s.396
• /
• pp.52-55
• /
• 2002

세계 흡연인구 총 11억, 연 6조개비 태워, 개도국 여성ㆍ청소년 흡연율 크게 증가

• Proceedings of The Korean Society of Health Promotion Conference
• /
• 2007.04a
• /
• pp.269-276
• /
• 2007

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
• /
• v.52 no.4
• /
• pp.422-428
• /
• 2009

Purpose : Adolescence is a period of growth and development in body structure and physiologic, psychologic, and social functioning. Smoking and drinking in this period are very harmful and may lead to other forms of substance abuse. We surveyed the actual aspects of smoking and drinking among Korean adolescents and analyzed associated factors. Methods : A survey was performed among adolescents using a questionnaire about smoking and drinking. Data were collected from students who visited pediatric clinics for routine school examinations from July to November 2007. Results : A total of 2,546 adolescents (smoking 1,512; drinking 1,034) participated in the study. The overall smoking and drinking rates were 29.2% and 48.2%, respectively, and the mean age at the first instance of smoking and drinking was 13.8 and 14.1 years, respectively. Among drinking adolescents, 30.1% were offered a drink by their parents, although most adolescents were encouraged to smoke or drink by their friends. Dissatisfaction with family and school life, economic status, and school performance was associated with a higher smoking and drinking rate (P<0.001). Broken families were associated with a high rate of smoking, but peer satisfaction was not related to smoking or drinking. The frequency and amount of smoking and drinking in adolescents were as high as those in adults. Social sanctions seemed insufficient to keep adolescents from smoking and drinking. Conclusion : Adolescent smoking and drinking are highly influenced by family and school environments, so more active social sanctions are required, including parental involvement and legislation preventing adolescents from smoking and drinking.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
• /
• v.7 no.4
• /
• pp.937-944
• /
• 2012

Smoking in adolescence can cause other health risks such as drinking and abusing drugs. Besides, it goes on adulthood so it can threaten their health all days. This study want to know the relationship between smoking and internet addiction in mid- and highschool students in Korea. It conducted for 38,409 middle school students and 36,657 highschool student in Korea. Smoking and internet addiction was investigated by chi-squared test and the relation between them was done by a Logistic Regression Analysis. The statistical significance is under 0.05. The percentage of smoking is 34.2% in male student and 19.7% in female student. The percentage of internet addiction is 17.6% in male student and 11.4% in female student and it is higher in students who smoked by 1.06 times for male student and 1.62 times for female student. This result shows that smoking which is non-healthy habit is related with internet addiction significantly. Smoking can cause high stress and this stress is shown to be developed in internet addiction. In conclusion, smoking and internet addiction in adolescence are bad habits and they are affect each other. Therefore we have to consider a measure by looking as smoking, stress and internet addiction are complex health risks rather than trying to prevent and treat them individually.