• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.17 no.2
• /
• pp.153-168
• /
• 2003

Wangpicheon, which is located in Uljin-Gun, Korea, is threatened with various developments plan recently. To investigate the forest structure, actual vegetation and degree of green naturality(DGN) in Wangpicheon, survey was carried out within about 1km width from the stream. In the analysis of actual vegetation, the forest type around Wangpicheon is differentiated into 26 vegetation ones. In these, six Pinus densiflora - dominated vegetation types are appeared a great many of them. In DGN analysis, 70.8% of total area is covered by DGN 8 and 0.3% of total area is covered by DGN 9. According to the analysis of classification by TWINSPAN, the community was divided by three types of Pinus densiflora community and two types of Quercus spp. community i.e. Quercus mongolica and Q. vuliabitis community. The structure of communities were analyzed using importance percentage, and species and individuals, DBH distribution and similarity analysis were executed.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
• /
• v.21 no.3
• /
• pp.262-270
• /
• 2003

This study was carried out to analyze forest vegetation of Jinaksan in Geumsan, Chungnam Province. Employing the releve method of Braun-Blanquet, 26 plots were sampled in forest of Jinaksan. The communities were classified into Quercus mongolica, Quercus variabilis, Quercus aliena, and Pinus densiflora communities. Coverage rate was 79.4% in tree layer,27.6% in subtree layer,37.0% in shrub layer, 31.1% in herb layer, respectively. The importance values were 45.51 in Q. mongolica,44.17 in P. densiflora,26.56 in Q. variabilis,26.78 in Q. serrata,20.81 in Q. aliena, and 15.58 in Prunus serrulata var. spontanea, respectively. Most of the DBH in the Q. mongolica, Q. variabilis, Q. aliena, and p. densiflora was between 5 cm and 15 cm. Therefore, Q. mongolica, Q. variabilis, and Q. aliena will be dominant species in the study area for several decades.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.15 no.4
• /
• pp.369-378
• /
• 2002

To investigate the forest structure and to suggest the basic data of forest in the Baekcheon Valley, fifty plots were set up and surveyed According to the analysis of classification by TWINSPAN. the community was divided by five groups of Quercus mongolica-Pinus densiflora(I), P. densiflora-Q. mongolica(II), Acer pseudosieboldianum-Q. mongolica(III). Betula schmidtii-A. pseudosieboldianum(IV), and Cornus controversa community(V). The structure of communities was investigated using importance value by layers The survey results were summarized as follows: 1) the results of annual ring analysis revealed that the age of Pinus densiflora forest was about 50~75 years old and Q. mongolica forest was about 40 years. 2) number of the average species was 11 1$\pm$2.2 and number of average individual was 74.6$\pm$28 1 per a plot(100$m^2$). From the above results including DBH distribution analysis it was anticipated that the deciduous broad leaf tree like C. controversa and B. schmidtii will be climax species instead of Q. mongolica. and P. densiflora.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.37 no.4
• /
• pp.259-272
• /
• 2023

This study set up 49 survey areas with an area of about 400 square meters in Abies koreana natural habitat to identify the species composition and vegetation structure of the A. koreana forest in the Mt. Jiri Nation Park, conducted field surveys using phytosociological methods, and performed the cluster analysis using the Two-Way Indicator Species Analysis (TWINSPAN) and Table manipulation. Subsequently, species composition analysis using the importance value, species diversity analysis, DBH analysis, sapling analysis, and similarity analysis was conducted by each cluster type. The cluster analysis classified the A. koreana forest in Mt. Jiri into five clusters, A, B, C, D, and E. The forest was divided into two clusters, Magnolia sieboldii-Dryopteris crassirhizoma-Sasa borealis and Betula ermanii-Solidago virgaurea-Calamagrostis arundinacea. The former was classified as type A and B by Cornus controversa-Hydrangea macrophylla, and the latter was classified as type E, a typical community, and a Sorbus commixta-Rhododendron mucronulatum cluster. And the S. commixta-R. mucronulatum cluster was divided into C type and D type by Picea jezoensis-Ligularia fischeri and Ainsliaea acerifolia. Through vegetation analysis, the importance value of A. koreana, Quercus mongolica, Acer pseudosieboldianum, Fraxinus sieboldiana, and B. ermanii was highly expressed in the A. koreana forest in Mt. Jiri. Regarding species diversity, the results were similar to those reported in other studies of A. koreana forests in Mt. Jiri. The analysis of diameter at breast height (DBH) showed that A. koreana dominated all layers, and the growth of saplings was also good, indicating that the dominance of A. koreana is expected to continue for a while. However, when considering the value of biodiversity that is expected to increase and threats caused by climate change, systematic preservation and management are required to respond to various threats based on continuous monitoring.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.38 no.2
• /
• pp.169-177
• /
• 2024

This study investigated whether population dynamic analysis based on the height characteristics of Abies nephrolepis was feasible. It was necessary because existing population dynamic analyses based on age and diameter at breast height (DBH) made it difficult to reflect the slow growth characteristics of Abies nephrolepis in harsh environments of high altitudes. The limitations of population dynamics analysis based on the age and DBH distribution of Abies nephrolepis in Seoraksan, Odaesan, and Taebaeksan National Parks, where Abies nephrolepis populations are representative, were verified, and the characteristics of height growth were investigated to comprehensively analyze whether a vertical structure based on height could reveal the population dynamics. The result of this study showed some limitations in understanding the population dynamics of Abies nephrolepis based on age distribution due to practical difficulties in sampling all trees and variations in age distribution within the same community depending on factors such as light conditions. Moreover, it was challenging to differentiate the distribution of DBH classes at fine levels, making it difficult to reflect the rapid growth characteristics of Abies nephrolepis when light conditions become suitable after prolonged stays in smaller DBH classes under shade conditions. However, a comprehensive analysis of the height characteristics of Abies nephrolepis revealed that the density corresponding to the population dynamic characteristics of Abies was high and adequately reflected the predominant tree death at similar height stages, as well as the U-shaped population dynamics at the lower stratum. Moreover, it was possible to identify a transition point in height values under shaded conditions, where the annual growth of Abies nephrolepis individuals in the lower stratum increases significantly, indicating that Abies nephrolepis individuals can escape from competition with other shrubs and undergo vigorous growth only at this height level. Therefore, this study confirmed that a vertical structure based on height can be utilized to understand the population dynamics of Abies nephrolepis in high altitudes, and it is expected that future studies on height characteristics can intuitively reveal the maintenance status of Abies nephrolepis populations in the field.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.102 no.3
• /
• pp.355-364
• /
• 2013

This study was conducted to investigate the population structure and dynamics of the Picea jezoensis stands which are located in Mt. Gyebangsan and surveyed from March to October 2012. Results showed that the diameter class distribution of P. jezoensis presented a reverse J-shaped distribution pattern with 32 trees less than 10 cm DBH, 20 trees in 10~30 cm DBH, and 11 trees more than 30 cm DBH. It showed seedlings and saplings of P. jezoensis seem to prefer areas with more sun light or with open upper layer. It was also observed that P. jezoensis preferes areas with organic soils and abundant water such as areas around stumps. Also, occurrences of P. jezoensis stands were analyzed through annual mean radial growth of the trees. And the results showed that the growth naturally or artificially occurred approximately on the years 1854, 1915, 1918, 1993 and 2002 years. Most of the gap-makers were classified as standing dead type with 23 individuals (45.1%).

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
• /
• v.6 no.1
• /
• pp.30-37
• /
• 2004

This study investigated the structural characteristics of Taxus cuspidata communities on Mt. Hambaek. The vegetation consisted of 9 species in the T$_1$(tree) layer, 35 species in the T$_2$(subtall tree) layer, 28 species in the S(shrub) layer, and 69 species in the H(herb) layer. The dominant species of the T$_1$ layer was Taxus cuspidata and that of the T$_2$ layer was Acer tschonoskii var, rubripes. The dominant species of the S layer was Tripterygium regelii, and the dominant species of the H layer was Pseudostellaria palibiniana. The diameter distribution of the dominant five species in the T$_1$ and T$_2$ layers indicates that these Taxus cuspidata forests may be gradually dominated by Quercus mangolica and by Tripterygium regelii. The composition of biological type was Ph-D$_1$-R$_{5}$-e.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.67-74
• /
• 2004

This study was carried out to investigate the structural characteristics of Taxus cuspidate communities in Mt. DuckYoo. The vegetation was consisted of 20 species in the T$_1$(tree) layer, 26 species in the T$_2$(subtall tree) layer, 26species in S(shrub) layer, and 56 species in the H(herb) layer. The dominant species of Mt. Duckyoo was Taxus cuspidata in the T$_1$ Layer, Acer tschonoskii var. rubripes in the T$_2$ Layer, Tripterygium regelii and Acer tschonoskii var. rubripes in the S Layer and Sasa borealis in the H Layer. According to the diameter distribution of high ranking five species in T$_1$, T$_2$ layer at natural Taxus cuspidata communities, these forests may be gradually replaced by Quercus mongolica, Tripterygium regelii. The composition of biological type was Ph-D$_1$-R$\sub$5/-e.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.58-66
• /
• 2004

This study was carried out to investigate the structural characteristics of Taxus cuspidate communities in Mt. DuckYoo. The vegetation was consisted of 20 species in the T$_1$(tree) layer, 26 species in the T$_2$(subtall tree) layer, 26species in S(shrub) layer, and 56 species in the H(herb) layer. The dominant species of Mt. Duckyoo was Taxus cuspidata in the T$_1$ Layer, Acer tschonoskii var. rubripes in the T$_2$ Layer, Tripterygium regelii and Acer tschonoskii var. rubripes in the S Layer and Sasa borealis in the H Layer. According to the diameter distribution of high ranking five species in T$_1$, T$_2$ layer at natural Taxus cuspidata communities, these forests may be gradually replaced by Quercus mongolica, Tripterygium regelii. The composition of biological type was Ph-D$_1$-R$\_$5/-e.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.38 no.3
• /
• pp.107-114
• /
• 2010

This study was undertaken to suggest a Pinus densiflora community planting model in the central cool temperate zone of Korea and nearby areas. For the purpose of this study, we surveyed various DBH classes of the P. densiflora community in Dangjin-gun, Choongchungnam-do. We surveyed the size of entire individuals in the 92 plots as well as surveyed the location of individuals in each tree layer and sub-tree layer(1/100 scale) of 44 plots using a quadrant method from young to old communities. As a result of analysis, the tree layer was growing well but the basal areas of the subtree layer were less than 10% compared with the tree-layer. This indicates the subtree layer is not in general growing well in the P. densiflora community. There were no significant patterns in the shrub layer. A P. densiflora community planting would consist of a tree layer and a shrub layer and the finding of growth patterns of the tree layer is significant. In order to make a model of the shrub layer, an additionally survey of another shrub layer is needed in a nearby planting area. Both regression models, 1) between tree layer DBHs and individuals per unit area, and 2) between individuals per unit area and shortest distances of individuals, can yield much information through study.