• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 1978

This study has intended to disclose the change of some chemical compositions of Ginkgo seeds which were acquired the treatment of cold-moist-stratification after collection. As check sample, the room-stored seeds were used. With the reasons that when the seeds not stratified were sown the delay of field germination has usually been resulted, the effectiveness of stratificaation in respect to alteration of chemical composition is to be investigated. The increase and decrease of growth promoting and inhibiting substances were investigated by means of chromatography method followed by rice seedling test or wheat coleoptile straight-growth test. The results obtained are summarized as follows; 1. In the untreated seeds, the zone of growth inhibitors on paper chromatograph were observed without regard to the tissue differences, embryo, endosperm and seedcoat. 2. Due to stratification, the amount of inhibitor has decreased in the embryo and seed coat, but growth promoters was decreased as compared with the check materials 3. The indications of results appear that each portion of the embryo, endosperm, and seedcoats of Ginkgo biloba L. contains the growth in hibitor taking part in germination dormancy. 4. It was presumed that hastening germination was influenced by decreasing of inhibitors in the embryo and seed coats rather than by increasing of promoters. 5. Gibberellin was detected at Rf 0.26 under the UV-lamp and the abscisic acid was detected at Rf 0.62, Rf 0.70, and Rf 0.78 and showed purple, gray, blue fluorescence respectively under the UV-lamp.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.12-18
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• 1987

Seed dormancy and germination responses to light and gases were determined for Echinochloa colona (L.) Link. E. colons seeds did not require a period of after-ripening for breaking dormancy. Water movement occurred readily across the seed coat. Repeated cycles of hydration and dehydration reduced viability and thence germination. Water imbibition for 24 h increased seed moisture by 21%; seeds returned to their original weight after drying at room temperature for 13 h. Removal of seed-coats increased germination in the dark. Light stimulated germination. Germination at a daylight intensity of 51.9 $Wm^{-2}$ or less was significantly reduced. Germination of seeds which were exposed to light for 1 h each day was significantly less than that of seeds exposed for longer than 2 h a day. Seeds subjected to blue light had delayed and decreased germination compared to seeds exposed to red light. Ethylene or carbon dioxide exogenenously added in the presence of light stimulated germination. The addition of the two gases together had a synergistic effect. In the dark, however, the two gases did not increase germination.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.79-84
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• 1998

This study was conducted to obtain information on occurrance ecology of Aneilema keisak Hassk. and establish its effective control system in direct-seeded rice. Optimum germination temperature and storage temperature to break dormancy were $22^{\circ}C$ and $4^{\circ}C$, respectively. Optimum content of soil moisture for germination was 35%(w/w) in clay loam soil, where recorded 85% of germination rate. In the inter-specific competition between density of Aneilema keisak Hassk. and constant rice-mixed stands, the plant height and the tiller of rice were decreased with increase of density of Aneilema keisak Hassk. Among the herbicides tested, piperophos+dimethametryn(8.2+2.2 g ai/10a) GR and. pyrazosulfuron-ethyl+mefenacet(2.1 + 105 g ai/10g) GR were found to be effective for control of Aneilema keisak Hassk., having more herbicidal effect with an earlier application.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.259-264
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• 2001

This experiment was conducted to examine the seed structure and to investigate the changes of seed vigor and germinability according to storage condition of Astragalus membranaceus. In case of the hard seed, there observed a gap between a testa and an embryo with abnormal shapes of an hilum and its micropyle. Seeds stored at room temperature maintained vitality for 4 months but continued to lose its vitality, while increase the hand seeds ratio as storing time longer. The content of Ca increased in proportion to the length of storing time.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.401-408
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• 2017

Herein, we report the meristem-tip culture from dormant buds of grape 'Kyoho' single-infected with Grapevine fleck virus (GFkV), which is phloem-limited and transmitted by graft inoculation. We produced GFkV-free shoots without thermo- or chemotherapy using meristem-tip explants approximately 0.3 mm (73 explants) and 0.8 mm long (five explants) including shoot apical meristem, 2-5 leaf primordia, and 1-4 uncommitted primordia from dormant buds of the infected woody cuttings (stored at $4^{\circ}C$). Explants were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 3% sucrose, 3.0 mg/L benzyladenine (BA) and 0.1 mg/L indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). After 16 weeks of culture, shoot (10-mm long) regeneration frequency achieved from 0.3-mm explants was 4.1% and that obtained from 0.8-mm explants was 40.0%. Virus-free efficiency (expressed as the percentage of RT-PCR negative shoots regenerated) from 0.3- and 0.8-mm explants was 100% and 50%, respectively. Following in vitro multiplication, RT-PCR assays revealed identical results to assays of the first regenerated shoots. Our new methodological approach could be applied for eliminating other viruses in grapevines, as well as for producing virus-free plants in many other deciduous tree species, including fruit trees.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.268-278
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• 2020

Flowering time has been put forward due to the recent abnormally warm winter, which often caused damages of flower buds by late frosts persistently. In the present study, cumulative chill unit and cumulative heat unit of Niitaka pear, which are required for releasing the endogenous dormancy and for flowering after breaking dormancy, respectively, were compared between flowering time prediction models used in South K orea. Observation weather data were collected at eight locations for the recent three years from 2018-2020. The dates of full bloom were also collected to determine the confidence level of models including DVR, mDVR and CD models. It was found that mDVR model tended to have smaller values (8.4%) of the coefficient of variation (cv) of chill units than any other models. The CD model tended to have a low value of cv (17.5%) for calculation of heat unit required to reach flowering after breaking dormancy. The mDVR model had the most accurate prediction of full bloom during the study period compared with the other models. The DVR model usually had poor skills in prediction of full bloom dates. In particular, the error of the DVR model was large especially in southern coastal areas (e.g., Ulju and Sacheon) where the temperature was warm. Our results indicated that the mDVR model had relatively consistent accuracy in prediction of full bloom dates over region and years of interest. When observation data for full bloom date are compiled for an extended period, the full bloom date can be predicted with greater accuracy improving the mDVR model further.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.136-142
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• 2016

Lespedeza species are mainly used for wildlife food and cover and for erosion control. The germination of these species can be enhanced after a fire occurrence in forest, which is known as fire-activated seeds to germinate. While the heat treatment could break seed dormancy of Lespedeza, its germination rate was quite low. We investigated that chemical scarification could promote germination of L. tomentosa. Seeds were soaked in 100% sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄) for 0, 1, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 96, 192, and 384 min, and then washed in distilled water for 24 h. Very few seeds were germinated in control (H₂SO₄ for 0 min). More than 90% of seeds were germinated in H₂SO₄ for 24, 48, and 92 min. However, some damage was observed in roots and cotyledons of seedling dipped in H₂SO₄ for a long time. To search the optimal soaking time in H₂SO₄ without defects, seeds scarified in H₂SO₄ for 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, and 300 min were sown the commercial soil medium. Seeds treated with H₂SO₄ for 90 min and 150 min emerged by about 92% and 84%, respectively. Therefore, H₂SO₄ treatment could break the seed dormancy of Lespedeza species, and especially in case of L. tomentosa the optimal treatment time in sulfuric acid was one to two hours. Germination of L. tomentosa began promptly following the scarification and was completed within about one month, indicating that seeds has no physiological dormancy, just has physical dormancy.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.97-124
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• 1976

To find out the most effective method of treatments for the induction of sprouting of dormant seed potato pieces for the fall crop production of Irish cobbler, this experiment was carried out with sprout inducing bed and field performance trial. In GA treatments, about 10 days were required to sprout and resulted uniform and thin 3-4 sprouts per tuber piece, but sprouts were slender and rooting was not observed. In Ethrel treatments, 20-25 days were required, and sprouts were inferior than that of GA treatment in uniformity of sprouting, and percentage of rotten pieces and of healthy sprouted tuber pieces, but number of sprouts per tuber pieces was low, being 1-2, and sprouts were short, thick, and healthy, and showed good rooting. In GA and Ethrel mixture treatments, 1-2 more days were required to sprout than GA treatments, but sprouts were relatively healthy, and other sprouting pattern were like that of GA treatments. In Ethylene chlorohydrin and 6-Benzyl-adenine treatments, sprouting was like that of Ethrel treatments, but much more days were required than Ethrel treatments and tendency of severe rotting was observed. Optimum treating methods of promising chemicals found to be 1-2 and 2-5 ppm GA solution, 500 and 1000-2000 ppm Ethrel solution, and 1-2＋250-500 and 5＋250-500 ppm GA and Ethrel mixture solution for 60 min. treatment of tuber piece and whole-tuber, respectively. Induction of sprouting in dry and hot time resulted severer rotting of tuber pieces during the induction of sprouting and with the advancement of dormancy, being delayed in date of treatment, tendency of promotion of sprouting and rooting was observed. When sprouted tuber piece was transplanted at the same date, yields were in order of Ethrel, GA and Ethrel mixture, and GA treatment, indicating the correlation between yield and healthiness of sprout and rooting status of sprouted tuber piece. In all treatments, earlier transplanting resulted higher yields.

• The Inventors News
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• no.54
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• pp.1-16
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• 2007

한국여성경제단체연합, 여성경제계 위해 공식 출범/발행인 칼럼/'마드리드 출원제도' 적극 활용 상표 침해 줄여라/일본 특허출원 심사기간 단축된다/기업.연구소 신입사원75%, 특허 관련 지식 전무/'주몽'이계인 씨 산자부 홍보대사 위촉/특허등록세, 신청 다음날 내도 된다/특허청, 6시그마 공공부문 혁신 주도/아듀 2006 한국여성발명협회 결산/자문위원 칼럼/로봇시장에도 브랜드 선점 열풍/농산물도 발명특허 상표 등록 시대/도소매업도 서비스업으로 출원 가능/기름대신 물 사용한 자동차, 항공기 현실화/반도체 배선 기술 특허 출원 상승세/자동차는 모바일 엔터네이너/'적외선 감지기술' 우리 생활속으로/서울반도체.바론테크, 일본 특허분쟁 승소/하나TV, 특허권 침해 피소/삼성전자, 분쟁.경쟁 대응위해 특허조직 통합/신한다이아몬드 일본 MDI 특허분쟁 승소/미니인터뷰/나노기술 응용한 디스플레이 특허출원 급증/미국의 두 배인 '휴면 특허', 대책 마련 시급/특허법원 "사용횟수 적다고 상표취소 못해"/종자번식 유전자 변형식물도 특허출원 가능/변리사 1차 시험 합격자 대폭 축소/역사 속의 발명품/하루 10분 발명교실/특허Q&A/신년인터뷰/화장하는 방법도 특허 받는다/'취업에서 결혼까지' 올인원 시스템 화제/아이디어 착상 및 발명 기법/아줌마의 힘이 발휘될 때까지 발명 또 발명/버뱅크의 식물 품종 개량/미국 청년, 몸짱 선탠용 티셔츠 발명/스위스, 국가경쟁력 1위의 비밀/저지방식,'유방암' 제발 위험 감소/서울대, 세계최초 암캐 복제 성공/국가 R&D 특허조사, 전체 R&D 부처로 확대/전국 초.중생 발명 글짓기.만화현상 공모전/특허청, 공공부문 성과주의 대통령상/한국여성발명협회 회원사 발명품 가이드

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.33 no.7B
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• pp.502-509
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• 2008

Wireless sensor networks consist of sensor nodes which are expected to be battery-powered and hard to replace or recharge. Thus, reducing the energy consumption of sensor nodes is an important design consideration in wireless sensor networks. For the implementation of energy-efficient MAC protocol, Sensor-MAC based on IEEE 802.11 protocol. In this paper, which has energy efficient scheduling, was proposed. In this paper, we propose Dynamic S-MAC that is dynamically operated by network-traffic states. Dynamic S-MAC protocol improves energy consumption of S-MAC due to change the frame length according to network-traffic states. Using NS-2 Simulation, we compare the performance of Dynamic S-MAC with S-MAC protocol.