• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.4 no.7
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• pp.828-836
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• 1994

In order to investigate the high temperature deformation characteristics in YBaiCu307-, oxide superconductor, the compression test was performed at temperatures from $890^{\circ}C$ to $930^{\circ}C$ at initial strain rate between $1.0 x 10^{-5}s^{-1}\; and \; 1.0^{-4}s^{-1}$. As the temperature increased and the initial strain rate decreased, the flow stress decreased. The strain rate sensitivity exponent measured as 0.41-0.46, supporting occurence of a superplastic deformation. The activation energy for superplastic deformation was calculated as 500-580KJ/mol, which decreased with increasing Ag content. Microstructure of the superplastically-deformed specimens showed that a grain growth occurred during deformation, and it appeared to be considerable when Ag content increased, but most grains still remained equiaxed after deformation. In this study, the deformation mechanism of YBCO superconductor was the grain boundary sliding with the diffusional accommodation and the contribution of the gram boundary sliding to the total strain was estimated to be 65%.

• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.149-153
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• 2008

1. 석고를 보관할 때는 건조한 곳에 밀봉하여 보관해야 한다. 따라서 용기 포장을 일단 개봉하면 밀봉용기에 담아 보관하는 것이 바람직하다. 2. 혼수비는 석고의 기계적 성질에 영향을 주기 때문에 정상적인 혼수비를 지켜야 하며, 모형은 경화된 후에도 물과 닿지 않도록 주의한다. 3. rubber인상재의 경우 비눗물을 붓이나 스프레이타입으로 뿌려준 후 흐르는 물에 씻고, 물기를 제거한 후 석고를 주입하면 기포 발생을 줄일 수 있다. 4. 석고를 인상체내에 너무 높이 올려쌓아도 무게로 인해 변형 된다. 5. 석고가 tray밖으로 흘러나가도 변형된다. (공기와 접촉되어 경화된 석고가 아직 경화되지 않은 석고를 잡아당김.) 6. 인상체에서 분리한 모형은 요오드 스프레이를 제조자 설명서에 따라 뿌려 소독한다. 7. 교합기에 모형 부착 시 base끼리 bar나 성냥개비등 다른 고정장치로 고정 시켜야하고, 교합기를 위에서 눌러주어야 한다. 그렇지 않을시 교합관계가 높아질 수 있다. 8. 재료를 구입시 물리적 특성이 많이 기재되어 있는 제품을 선택한다.

• Proceedings of the Materials Research Society of Korea Conference
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• 2012.05a
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• pp.102.1-102.1
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• 2012

Ti 및 Ti 합금은 치과 및 정형외과 등의 분야에서 생체재료로써 다양한 용도로 적용되고 있으며, 보다 안전하고 우수한 특성의 Ti 합금 개발에 대한 관심이 높아지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 Ti-Nb-Ge 합금의 초탄성 특성에 미치는 집합조직의 영향에 대해 조사하였다. 집합조직 제어를 위해 등속 및 이주속 압연을 적용한 후 $850^{\circ}C$에서 30분~2시간까지 어닐링하였다. 광학현미경과 SEM-EBSD를 이용하여 미세조직 및 집합조직을 분석하고, 순환식 인장시험을 통해 시편의 초탄성 특성을 평가하였다. 등속압연 후 어닐링한 시료의 경우 alpha-fiber 집합조직이 발달하는 한편, 이속압연 후 어닐링한 시료는 {113}// 및 {331}의 집합조직이 발달하는 것으로 나타났다. 마르텐사이트 변태에 의한 변형회복능과 집합조직 성분별 강도의 관계를 비교한 결과, alpha-fiber 집합조직이 발달할수록 변형회복능이 증가하는 것으로 나타났다.

• Computational Structural Engineering
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.151-158
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• 1994

The free vibrations of thermally buckled, simply supported, symmetrically laminated, rectangular, and quasi-isotropic plates are investigated. The nonlinear postbuckling analysis is performed by the finite element method based on the first order shear deformable plate theory with the use of von Karman type nonlinear strains and the Duhamel-Newman type constitutive law. The postbuckling solutions are used to obtain free vibration responses of buckled plates. Several numerical examples for quasi-isotropic laminated plates are considered. The effects of width-to-thickness ratios and aspect ratios on the free vibration characteristics of buckled plates are investigated.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.16 no.10
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• pp.209-216
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• 1999

일반적으로 힘 제어는 힘 센서의 사용 여부에 따라 능동적 힘 제어와 피동적 힘 제어로 분류시킬 수 있다. 능동적 힘 제어는 힘 세서를 이용하여 구속력을 목표한 힘에 근접하도록 제어한다. 유연 매니퓨레이터의 함수(위치, 속도, 가속도)를 이용하여 일정한 힘에 근접하도록 제어한다. 유연 매티퓨레이터에 있어서 링크 선단의 강성 증대는 힘 제어뿐만이 아니라, 링크의 진동을 크게 유발함으로서 위치 제어에 불리하게 작용한다. 주로 사용되고 있는 힘 센서는 많은 변형 게이지(strain gauge)로 구성되어 있다. 유연 매니퓨레이터 또한 링크 선단의 변형을 측정하기 위해 변형 게이지를 사용하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 이점에 착안하여, 유연 매니퓨레이터의 선단의 탄성 변형을 측정하기 위해 장착한 변형 게이지를 이용한 위치/힘 제어를 제안한다. 먼저, 유연 매니퓨레이터의 집중 정수 모델로부터 링크의 탄성 변형과 구속력 관계를 도출한 후 이 관계를 이용하여 3차원 실험 유연 매니퓨레이터를 실시간 위치/힘 제어 실험을 수행하였다. 또한 범용 동력학 해석 소프트웨어인 ADAMS FEM 을 이용하여 해석하였다. 마지막으로, 실험 결과와 해석 결과를 비교 분석하여 본 논문에서 제안한 유연 매니퓨레이터의 위치/힘 제어의 타당성을 입증시켰다.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.27-34
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• 2015

Heating patterns depending on the packaging materials were examined in order to investigate the causes of thermal deformation of packages used for ready-to-eat foods for microwave heating due to the non-uniformity of microwaves. Physical properties including tensile strength, heat-resistance and elongation of four different CPP grades were compared. High retortable CPP had higher sealing strength and heat resistance compared to the conventional CPPs. All CPP samples tested were proved to have melting temperatures around $160^{\circ}C$. However, they were all thermally deformed by microwave heating due to a limited penetration of microwave and non-uniform heating within the spicy sauce of high viscosity contained high salt, especially on the above the filling line and sealing edge of pouches. When the laminated stand-up pouches composed of G-PET/PET/PET/CPP and G-PET/PET/NY/CPP were retorted and microwaved, significant deformations were noticed in both samples after retorting. Besides, pouches contained titanium dioxide showed more intense thermal deformation than the control. When the $10{\mu}m$ aluminium foil was affixed on the pouch, small thermal deformation was observed only in the bottom layer. More studies are required to prevent the thermal deformation of packaging materials used for RTE foods during microwave heating by developing the technologies to increase the thermal stability of CPP layer and the modification of packaging design to modify the microwave access into the package.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.239-247
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• 2005

In this study, we have used newly developed dual-beam shearography which is based on laser speckle that includes various information about an object. Among the several shearing techniques, we used Michelson shearing interference technique which is the most powerful. Acrylate plate was used as a sample, which has inner defects and low thermal conductivity. Michelson shearing interferometer was used for obtaining speckle fringes. We also used phase shifting technique to get a phase map. Using single beam illumination, we could obtain mixture of deformation components of both in-plane and out-of-plane. In order to separate the two components, we have used dual-beam shearography technique. We have obtained a speckle pattern of both before and after deformation. Through LS filtering and unwrapping processes, we could find a position and a shape of the inner defects easily. Deformation of the acrylate plate due to thermal heating has occurred mainly in z-direction(out-of-plane) because it has low thermal conductivity. The acrylate plate was deformed only at the restricted area where the electrical heat applied.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.117-124
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the accommodative function of young adult in their 20s wearing monovision, modified monovision, and aspheric multifocal contact lenses at near task. Methods: Thirty young adults ($23.53{\pm}2.37years$) were fitted with monovision, modified monovision (the application of single vision contact lenses and center-near low addition aspheric multifocal contact lenses), and aspheric center-near multifocal contact lenses. After wearing these modalities during a week for adaption, and after watching visual display at computer for inducing accommodative pressure for 1 hour. The following assessments of accommodative function were made: contrast visual acuity (VA) at distance and near; accommodative response; near accommodative facility; and negative relative accommodation (NRA)/positive relative accommodation (PRA). All measurements were carried out binocularly. Results: In binocular distance VA with contrast of 10%, monovision was the worst among the four modalities (p=0.005). In accommodative response at 1 m (1.00 D), monovision was the lowest (p<0.05) and accommodative response at 40 cm (2.50 D) with monovision was lower than that of modified monovision and multifocal contact lens (p<0.05). We also found that there were no significant differences in accommodative facility and NRA/PRA among the four modalities. Conclusions: In young adult (20s), monovision with low add reduced the accommodative response at near task, however, modified monovision and multifocal lens with center-near type did not affect accommodative relaxation.

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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• v.18 no.2_spc
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• pp.275-289
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• 2020

In 2017, multimodal transportation tests for evaluating road, sea, and rail transport were performed by research institutes in the US, Spain, and the Republic of Korea. In this study, acceleration and strain data determined through road and sea tests were analyzed. It was investigated whether the load generated for each transport mode was amplified or attenuated according to the load transfer path. From the results, it was confirmed that the load transfer characteristics differed according to the transportation mode and loading path. The effects of strain determined through each test on the structural integrity of the spent nuclear fuel were also investigated. It was found that the magnitude of the measured strain had a negligible effect on the structural integrity of the spent nuclear fuel, considering its fatigue strength. The results for the acceleration and strain data analyses obtained in this study will be useful for scheduled domestic transportation tests under normal transport conditions.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.11
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• pp.6464-6471
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• 2014

The UV curing method is a popular process for lens molding on a unit wafer. This process, however, has several drawbacks including wafer adhesion during the ejection process after curing, errors in lens shape and wafer warpage due to material shrinkage during the curing process, and lens centering errors on both sides of a wafer. Among these, the lens shape error and warpage are influenced directly by the UV curing process due to factors including the UV radiation uniformity, the degree of cure according to UV intensity, and the shrinkage characteristics of the material. Therefore, a theory is needed not only to understand the change in the material characteristics, such as the shrinkage rate due to the curing reaction, but also to establish a model. In addition, an analysis system is needed to realize the model. This study proposes a new analysis method for the wafer lens molding process by Comsol modeling. This method was verified by comparing the results with those of the actual process.