• Journal of Life Science
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.346-352
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• 2016

Aroma inhalation therapy has traditionally been used not only in alternative medicinal treatment but also in psychotherapy. In the first stage of the study, the in silico molecular binding affinity of the major ingredients of Smart-Wave (SW) on the active site of the odorant-binding protein (OBP) was compared with that of citrate anions. The binding affinity of the chemical mixture formula of the major ingredients of SW on the OBP was relatively higher than that of citrate anions. In addition, nasal inhalation of SW had a positive effect upon changes in brain waves. Eighteen healthy volunteers participated in the experiment. The study consisted of measurements of the brain’s meditation level recordings in the pre- and post-SW inhalation periods as compared with negative (EV) and positive (HB) control groups. After SW inhalation, all the subjects stated that they felt “fresher” and that the SW trial group had significantly changed the brain’s meditation in a positive way. SW inhalation also converted EV-induced unstable brain meditation wave patterns into more stable patterns. Collectively, the results of this empirical study strongly suggest that the SW mixture activates the OBP and controls the mental state by regulating brain waves. The results provide scientific evidence that the SW formula has potential as an effective mental-stress controller.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.383-391
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• 1995

In order to find out the distribution of neuropeptide Y (NPY) recently known as the gonadotropin (GtH) stimulation neurohormone in the brain tissues of marine teleost, detection and localization of NPY like substance in brain of two rockfish species, Sebastes oblongus and S. schlekeli were done by immunohistochemisty. Distribution of GtH cells in hypophysis were also observed by aldehyde fuchsin (AF)-fast green-orange G stain to compare with gonadal phases of the rockfish species. NPY immunoreactive cells were detected in olfactory bulb, telencephalon and mesencephalon of the brain, and NPY immunoreactive fibers were distributed not only in olfactory bulb, telencephalon and mesencephalon but also in optic nerve, hypothalamus and optic tectum. Regardless of ovarian maturation in two rockfish species, NPY immunoreactive fibers were observed in the neurohypophysis adjacent to the AF negative cells in the rostral pars distalis of hypophysis in both species. Moreover, the fibers were distributed in the rostral and proximal pars distalis near to the GtH cells of the hypophysis in both species possessing the growing or mature oocytes. Slight AF stainable GtH cells were detected in hypophysis of two species before parturition (S. oblongus) and in mature stage (S. schlegeli), but AF stainability of the cells in the proximal pars distalis after parturition was more increased than that of the cells Tn mature stage or before parturition. The size and nucleus diameter of GtH cells in S. oblongus and S. schlegeli before parturition were significantly bigger than those of GtH cells in individuals after parturiton (S. oblongus) or with resting ovary (S. schlegeli) (P<0.01).

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.37-47
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• 2003

The objectives of this study were to find the relationship between the olfactory sense such as perfume and sense of sight and how it affects the sensibility based on the fact that ,senses are compound feeling from detective parts of human body. First, to build the emotional rate stale we selected the 19 pairs of adjective from the previous studies that overlaps smell, color, and clothes and added one pairs of related clause. Then each pair was divided into 7 level of emotional stage. In the experiment by the selected 15 man and woman from the visual design major student of Hong-ick Univ each student was given floral, jasmin, lavender, papaya and asked them to pick one color from I.R.I Hue & Tone chart for each smell. Then, analyzed the emotional rating of selected color for given smell. The emotional structure of smell and color consists five parts; 'Esthetics', 'Romance', 'Character', 'Intensity', 'Nature', There were significant differences in frequencies of selected colors for each given smell and gender difference also affected the color selected. Average value of emotional rating scale of smell and color was ,similar to the results from previous studies on relationship between smell and emotion.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.10
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• pp.624-635
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• 2017

A variety of methods are used in public advertising to make message persuasive. In order for posters to be more appealing, one good way is to use synesthesia. This study analyzed how synesthesia were used for effective communication. The case analysis is based on the prize winning advertisements chosen by the Korea Broadcast Advertising Corporation. According to the study, synesthesia maximize the efficiency of information delivery. Secondly, in the public campaign posters, sight was the most frequently used sensory element, followed by touch, hearing, smell and taste, respectively. Third, visual tactility was mostly used in nature and environment related posters to effectively deliver the messages. In the topic of social community campaigning, visualization of hearing was applied the most. Lastly, when more than three multisensory stimulations were present in the public campaign, the strongest sense stimulus played the largest part in making message delivery more efficient. The results of this study are expected to provide a scientific basis for future campaign posters that synesthesia expression elements are applied.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.16 no.9
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• pp.59-63
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• 2018

Purpose - It has already been proved that 'mood' as the physical environment of shopping affects consumers' main sensory channels such as sight, hearing, smell, touch. However, there is no consensus on how the olfactory cue influences the customers in the shopping environment. In this study, we examine the previous studies on how the olfactory cue affects the customers in the shopping environment and present a clear direction as a suggestion for progressive research. Research design, data, and methodology - It is not important to use a lot of unconditional fragrance, but it should be exposed to the environment that suits the proper fragrance. In recent years, meaningful research on store fragrance has been slowly increasing. As a result, studies on the fragrance effects of retail stores have been conducted to verify the relevance of fragrance suitability in stores and consumer spending scale. Results - The fragrance appropriate for each store can not be uniformly specified as any fragrance. This is because external variables such as time, season, temperature, lighting, density of shoppers, and music in the store also affect customer evaluation. For example, using an unsuitable fragrance may encourage customers to leave the store quickly by restraining impulsive purchases or by disturbing concentration. The store manager should also be interested in using fragrances that are proven and effective in the store environment, but they should also have the ability to easily manipulate and manage the fragrances very appropriately according to changes in the store environment. Store managers should observe consumer preferences and responses according to their goals and strategies, and then systematically manage and store information about the fragrance appropriate to the store. Conclusions - In the future, the fragrance marketing researcher needs to consider the spatial form and density of the customer. In practice, managers operating a retail store should check the most appropriate store density(congestion) according to the size and spatial characteristics of the store and maintain the ideal conditions. To do this, it is necessary to pay attention to how to select and control sensory elements such as fragrance(olfactory), music(auditory), and lighting(visual).

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.397-402
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to identify the current state of coding education for children and to propose a new 'play-oriented' educational content to keep up with the problems of education in line with the revision process of the 4th Industrial Revolution. As a research method, we investigated and analyzed the case of the Korean early childhood coding education program, and then suggested the direction of the future infant coding education and suggested a new play area for children. Case analysis shows that current coding education places many restrictions on children's activities. So we propose a coding education space as a 'playing space' where children can actively play. Because the space is used, emotional education is possible because it can stimulate senses such as vision, touch and smell. In addition, this study is expected to cultivate not only spatial comprehension, but also imagination, creativity and cooperation. In future research, we will study the characteristics and technical process of children in-depth to help develop early childhood education.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.219-227
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• 2001

Little is known about processing mechanism of pain sensation of the oral cavity at the 1st synapse of trigeminal sensory nuclei. Serial ultrathin sections of tooth pulp afferent terminals, identified by the transganglionic transport of 1% wheatgerm agglutinin conjugated horseradish peroxidase, were investigated with electron microscope. Quantitative ultrastructural analysis was performed on digitizing tablet connected to Macintoshi personal computer (software; NIH Image 1.60, NIH, Bethesda, MD). Labeled boutons could be classified into two types by the shapes of containing vesicles : S bouton, which contained mainly spherical vesicles (Dia. 45-55 nm) and few large dense cored vesicles (Dia, 80-120nm), and LDCV bouton, which contained spherical vesicles as well as large number of large dense cored vesicles. Most of the parameters on the ultrastructural characteristic and synaptic organization of labeled boutons were similar between S and LDCV boutons, except shapes of containing vesicles. Majority of the labeled boutons showed simple synaptic arrangement. The labeled boutons were frequency presynaptic to dendritic spine, and to a lesser extent, dendritic shaft. They rarely synapsed with soma and adjacent proximal dendrite. A small proportion of labeled boutons made synaptic contacts with presynaptic, pleomorphic vesicles containing endings and synaptic triad. Morphometric parameters of labeled boutons including volume and surface area, total apposed area, mitochondrial volume, active zone area, vesicle number and density showed wide variation and these were not significantly different between S and LDCV boutons. The present study revealed characteristic features on ultrastructure and synaptic connection of pulpal afferents which may involved in transmission of oral pain sensation.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.227-234
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• 2012

In this study, the masking effect of olfactory stimulus on the awakening state due to sound stimuli while driving using Graphic Driving Simulator was observed through the response of autonomic nervous system. The test was conducted for 11 males in their twenties. The siren of ambulance car was presented to them as auditory stimulus for 30 secs while driving in a situation of high way in the condition of both peppermint and control, respectively, and LF/HF ratio of HRV (Heart Rate Variability), the activity index of sympathetic nerve, and GSR (Galvanic Skin Response) response were examined. The test was proceeded in the order of three stages, that is, sound stimuli (test 1), driving performance, and sound stimuli (test 2), and fragrance stimulus, driving performance, and sound stimuli (test 3), and the physiological signal of GSR, HRV was measured in the whole stages. As a result of test, comparing the results of before and after auditory stimulus test (1) (p < 0.01), test (2) (p < 0.05), and test (3) (p < 0.01), driving performance test (2) (p < 0.01), test (3) (p < 0.01), and olfactory stimulus test (3) (p < 0.05), respectively, GSR response increased, showing significant difference in all the tests. It indicates that when auditory stimulus was presented to the subjects, they were in the awakening state as sympathetic nervous system got activated. As a result of comparing auditory stimulus while driving before and after presenting olfactory stimulus, there was no significant difference in GSR response. The LF/HF ratio of HRV increased, showing a significant difference only in test (2) (p < 0.05), and in driving performance test (2) (p < 0.05) in auditory stimulus, however, it showed no significant difference in olfactory stimulus. As a result of comparing auditory stimulus while driving before and after presenting olfactory stimulus, there was a decrease, showing significant difference (p < 0.05) in LF/HF ratio of HRV. That is, it means that the activation of sympathetic nervous system decreased, and that parasympathetic nervous system got activated. From these results, it was observed that while driving, the awakening level due to auditory stimulus was settled with olfactory stimulus. In conclusion, it was drawn that while driving, olfactory stimulus could have the masking effect on auditory stimulus.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.73-82
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• 2007

The antennae of millipedes have a prominent function in detecting various types of environmental stimuli. The structural modification of the antennae is closely associated with the degree of sense recognition. Here we study functional morphology of the antennae of the millipede Cawjeekelia pyongana using field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM). The antennae generally include eight segments, called articles. On the surface of the antennae, there are a variety of sensory receptors which include olfactory and mechanical receptors. We could identify four different types of antennal sensory organs in C. pyongana as follows: apical cone (Ac), trichoid sensilla (Ts), chaetiform sensilla (Cs) and basiconic sensilla (Bs). The most prominent of which is four APs at the 8th article. Both of the Is and the Cs are abundantly observed almost all of the antennal segments. They are long and strong bristles with longitudinal grooves acuminating toward the tip. The Bs is further divided into three subtypes: large basiconic sensilla $(Bs_1)$, small basiconic sensilla $(Bs_2)$ and spiniform basiconic sensilla $(Bs_3)$. The $Bs_1$ is located at the 5th and 6th articles, while the $Bs_2$ and $Bs_3$ can be seen at the 5th and at the 7th article, respectively.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.22
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• pp.81-97
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• 2011

The technology of 'Virtual Reality' has placed in advanced tools for human beings' joy and anger together with sorrow and pleasure in our generation. It has recently tried in a variety ways to use as an implication for treatment in the field of Cognitive Psychology. Especially, it widely approaches to human in terms of that a sense of reality in a virtual world through the five senses should reinterpret the meaning of cognition in the real world. Based on this paradigm shift, it allows for new treatment using the technology of virtual reality. A typical example is a field of Therapy in order to overcome panic disorder. It has advantages that in particular development of flexible interaction technologies in a virtual space can lead patients to experience psychological environments rather than physical one. the interaction technology provides environments in which users' five senses can be actively stimulated, it is very useful that information from the experiences in the virtual world allows people to learn through real experiences by renewing potential energies, advantages of Virtual Reality Therapy can be customized treatment by depending on symptoms in patients with panic disorder and are capable of differentiate application for the cure at each stage. It is to treat by leading patients to get accustomed to environments and situations in real world through care process with each symptom and stage. It is helpful that based on A Human-Sensibility Ergonomics, technologies like immersive virtual reality equipment, force-relative feedback and stereophonic sound, and like stimulating the sense of smell make people to induce experiences by stimulating human's five senses. There are many advantages of immersion in virtual world in that the phenomenon such as challenge, interaction, reality, illusion, and cooperation is expanded. As an application for therapy by growing such augmented reality, virtual space and sharing of data through the Internet and also inexpensive its availability have recently expanded the base. There are other benefits of Virtual Reality Therapy offering active interaction environments for cognitive experience which can provide appropriately adjusted environments for patients who are hard to overcome the real situation because of phobia. In addition to that it is safe and economical and patients' confidentiality is assured. Moreover, due to the principles of applying real-time navigation the Virtual Reality Therapy makes modification and supplementation easier and also it can reduce cybersickness because of the supply of Lenticular allowing people to see stereoscopy without eyeglasses, which makes sense of presence clearer. On top of that due to the development of interactive technologies, it is becoming close to sense of reality similar to real world by leading users to navigate by themselves and to operate objects in a virtual space. This paper will therefore examine, although it is of limited, characteristics of application of virtual reality technology based on A Human-Sensibility Ergonomics used for treatment for a disorder. this paper will analyse a range of its application and problems and it will suggest the future possibilities.