• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.416-421
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• 2012

A 10-year-old 4-kg spayed female Chihuahua with severe congestive heart failure was referred for surgical treatment. Through several examinations, the dog was diagnosed as severe mitral regurgitation (MR) and moderate TR. Because of the poor prognosis associated with continuation of medical management, surgical repair of the mitral valve was considered as the treatment option for the dog. The mitral valve repair was performed undergoing cardio pulmonary bypass (CPB) circuit. However after mitral repair, the dog was died without recovery from anesthesia. Many risk factors associated with failure of cardiac surgery are included CPB management, hypothermia, organ dysfunction, hemorrhage, hypotension, electrolyte & acid base imbalance, and infection. Although the dog is died from the operation, it is an important to reveal the factors of failure in veterinary clinic. From the case report, causes of failure of mitral valve repair can be considered from the failure of oxygenation and gas exchange by hypothermia and serious hypotension with low heart rate by low cardiac output syndrome (LCOS). Through the several considerations from this case, it is known that coming cardiac surgery for mitral valve repair is required to be more careful for successful operation. Further it can be brought to increase success rate in further operation.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.43-54
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• 2013

This This paper investigates the variation of the factors to determinate housing price in Seoul metropolitan area after sub-prime financial crisis, in Korea, using a VAR model. The model includes housing price and housing rent (Jeonse) in Seoul metropolitan area from 1999 to 2011, and uses interest rate, real GDP, KOSPI, Producer Price Index and practices to impulse response and variance decomposition analysis to grasp the dynamic relation between a variable of macro economy and and a variable of housing price. Data is classified to 2 groups before and after the 3rd quater of 2008, when sub-prime crisis occurred; one is from the 1st quater of 1999 to the 3rd quater of 2008, and the other is from the 2nd quater of 1999 and the 4th quater of 2011. As a result, comparing before and after sub-prime crisis, housing price is more influenced by its own variation or Jeonse price's variation instead of interest rate and KOSPI. Both before and after sub-prime financial crisis, Jeonse price is also influenced by its own variation and housing price. While after sub-prime financial crisis, influences of Producer Price Index, KOSPI and interest rate were weakened, influence of real GDP is expanded. As housing price and housing rent are more influenced by real economy factors such as GDP, its own variation than before sub-prime financial crisis, the recent trend that the house prices is declined is difficult to be converted, considering domestic economic recession and uncertainty, continued by Europe financial crisis. In the future to activate the housing business, it ia necessary to promote purchasing power rather than relaxation of financial and supply regulation.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.56 no.1
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• pp.23-43
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• 2004

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the performance of New Deal under the New Labour government in Britain and examines the nature of New Deal with respect to workfare. The time difference of five years after the New Deal was put into effect shows that New Deal has contributed not only to include the socially excluded groups such as the young unemployed, the long-term unemployed, single parents, and the disabled into the labour market, but also to decrease the amount of income-based benefits providing for working generation. It can be said that the nature of New Deal under the New Labour is near to human capital development model rather than labour force attachment model. New Deal provides the opportunity of policy learning for the countries which pursue the reform of social security system to moving welfare beneficiaries being able to work into jobs. Policy learning can be summed up as follows. First, imposing mutual responsibility and obligations on unemployed person should be accompanied by implementing active labour market programmes of education and job training. Second, the delivery system which administrates workfare programmes should be decentralized in a local society. The cooperation between local government and enterprisers will be critical in implementing various employment programmes and moving unemployed person into jobs. Third, the case management for individual participating in workfare programme is necessary. The personal adviser should continue to provide employment services for the unemployed until he or she get a job and enter the state of self-reliance. Finally, the workfare programme should be firmly backed by the political leadership in order to overcome the oppositions of beneficiary groups under the existing social security system.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.56 no.3
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• pp.113-133
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• 2004

Although National Health Insurance(NHI) in the South Korea has guaranteed access to health insurance coverage to virtually all the people, a significant portion of out-of-pocket spending can create substantial financial burdens for some beneficiaries, particularly those with low incomes. Previous studies have estimated the magnitude of out-of-pocket spending by types of chronic illness or in- and out-patients. Prior estimates, however, have not given a complete picture of the impact of health care costs on lower-income populations. The result from this study shows that 20 percent of beneficiaries in the lowest-income quintile spent more than twelve percent of their household equivalent income out-of-pocket health services, whether they were enrolled in a Health care services or not. In comparison, the beneficiaries in the highest-income quintile level spent only 2 percent of their income out-of-pocket on health care. Also, the regression analysis suggests that age, household income, number of chronic illness, type of hospital in addition to the number of usage may affect the size of out-of-pocket spending.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.68 no.3
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• pp.51-71
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to clarify macro causes influencing on the diversity of single-mother households poverty among OECD Countries including Korea. This study carried out pooled time series cross-section analysis applying unbalanced panel design on the period from 1981 to 2012. There is marked diversity on single-mother households poverty. GDP per capita does not contributes to reduce poverty, and female employment rate and % population 0-14 exacerbate poverty. Several factors contribute on poverty reduction including social spending, child cash spending, union density, employment protection on regular workers, proportional representation system, cumulative left cabinet, cumulative women seat. In Korea, it needs to overcome the limit of anti-poverty strategy mainly based on economic growth and labor market flexibility. And it needs to enlarge universal welfare institutions, child benefits, work-family reconciliation policy, and to design adjusted labor market institutions including union density and employment protection, to introduce consensus political model including proportional representation system to enhance left power and women's representation.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.38 no.2 s.247
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• pp.146-151
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• 2005

Background: Preoperative elevated serum creatinine values are associated with increased risk for both morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing on-pump coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG). We investigated the postoperative changes of renal function and proper management in the patients. Material and Method: Among 74 consecutive patients who underwent isolated on-pump CABG, 17 patients with increased serum creatinine level $(creatinine\;\geqq\;1.5\;mg/dL)$ within preoperative one week wereincluded in the study. Seven patients showed pre­operative serum creatinine level of 2.0 mg/dL or higher, and 3 of them had been undergoing hemodialysis. Preoperative hemodialysis was performed in the 3 patients due to end-stage renal failure (ESRD) the day before the operation. We started peritoneal dialysis immediately after the cardiopulmonary bypass in patients with ESRD or postoperative acute renal failure if it was necessary to remove intravascular volume and lower serum creatinine level. Result In most of the patients with CABG, postoperative serum creatinine level increased and recovered to the preoperative level at the discharge. In 2 of the 4 patients with serum creatinine level of 2.0 mg/dL or higher and 3 patients with ESRD, intravascular volume, serum creatinine level and serum electrolyte were controlled with peritoneal dialysis. Conclusion: Postoperative serum creatinine level increased transiently in most of CABG patients, and intravascular volume and serum creatinine level were controlled by peritoneal dialysis only in the patients with acute renal failure postoperatively and those depending on hemodialysis.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.69-75
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• 2018

This study was performed to examine the quality characteristics and antioxidant activities of the sponge cakes containing different concentrations (2-10%, w/w) of aronia powder (AP). The specific gravity of the dough and the baking loss rate were significantly increased with higher AP content. The specific volume, height, volume index, and pH were significantly decreased with the increase in AP. The lightness and redness values increased, while the yellowness values decreased with increasing amounts of AP. Textural characteristics, such as hardness, gumminess, and chewiness significantly increased on addition of AP. The DPPH radical scavenging activities of the cakes increased significantly with the increase in concentration of AP. In sensory evaluation, the group with cakes containing AP at 2% concentration was ranked higher than other cakes with respect to all parameters, except for color. Therefore, the results of this study suggest that sponge cakes prepared with 2% AP is the most suitable product, based on its sensory characteristics and antioxidant activities.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.31-41
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• 1989

Since the first cases of tsutsugamushi disease reported in Korea in 1986. many cases has been reported and its occurrence has been increasing. Only 2 cases has been reported in Taegu city and Kyungpook area. We experienced an outbreak of 26 cases of tsutsugamushi disease in this area and their clinical manifestations are ; 1. The outbreak occurred in September to November in 1988 and its peak occurrence was in October. 2. Mean age was 52 years old (18 to 69 years old) and peak incidence was in the 6th decade. 3. Major symptoms and abnormal signs are fever/chills(88%), myalgia(65%), headache(54%), nausea and vomiting(31%), and abdominal pain(27%). The eschar was detected on lower part of body in most of cases. and more frequently in male(M : F 100 vs 58%). 4. Patients were treated with tetracyclines(TC) and/or chlorampenicol(CM) and mean duration of defervescence from initiation of antibiotic therapy was 2.1 days with TC and 2.5 days with CM. 5. Complications are 2 cases of meningitis and 1 cases of shock. and all cases were recovered without any sequlae. As above, tsutsugamushi disease occurs in Taegu city and Kyung Pook area as other part of Korea and clinical manifestations are similar to other reports.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.304-310
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• 2011

In previous studies, we reported QTLs for grain weight (GW), qGW3 and for spikelets per panicle (SPP), qSPP3 linked to RM60 on chromosome 3 using advanced backcross lines derived from a cross between Oryza sativa ssp. Indica cv. Milyang 23 and O. glaberrima. The O. glaberrima alleles at this locus increased GW and spikelets per panicle in the Milyang 23 background. To further confirm and narrow down the position of the QTLs on chromosome 3, substitution mapping was performed using five lines containing the target O. glaberrima segment on chromosome 3. The size and position of the O. glaberrima segment on chromosome 3 were different in each line. These lines possessed 3-10 non-target O. glaberrima introgressions in the Milyang 23 background. These five lines were evaluated for seven agronomic traits including 1,000 grain weight and spikelets per panicle and also genotyped with seven SSR markers. Four lines were informative in delimiting the position of QTLs, qGW3 and qSPP3. Two lines with the O. glaberrima segment flanked by SSR markers, RM60 and RM523 displayed significantly higher values than Milyang 23 in GW and SPP whereas two lines without that O. glaberrima segment displayed no difference in GW and SPP compared to Milyang 23. The result indicates that two QTL, qGW3 and qSPP3 are located in the interval between RM60 and RM523 which are 1.2-Mb apart. Introgression lines having QTLs, qGW3 and qSPP3 would be useful materials not only to indentify the relationship between these two yield QTLs, but also to develop high yielding variety via marker-aided selection technology.

• Archives of Hand and Microsurgery
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.248-253
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical results of anatomic reduction of bony mallet finger using modified-intrafocal pinning technique. Methods: From March 2014 to October 2017, 18 patients with bony mallet finger were treated with modified-intrafocal pinning technique. Kirschner-wire was used to directly reduction the bony fragment, and extension block pinning and distal interphalangeal joint fixation were additionally performed to minimize the loss of reduction. Postoperative pain, range of motion, and radiological evaluation were performed. Duration of bone healing, functional recovery and complication rate were evaluated and Crawford's criteria was used to determine functional outcome after surgery. Results: Bone union was achieved in all cases after a postoperative mean of 6 weeks (5-7 weeks). An average of $2.8^{\circ}$ ($0^{\circ}-10^{\circ}$) extension loss occurred in all patients. All patients showed satisfactory joint congruency and reformation of the joint surface, the mean flexion angle of the distal interphalangeal joint at the final follow-up was $72.2^{\circ}$ ($70^{\circ}-75^{\circ}$). According to Crawford's classification, 12 patients (66.7%) were excellent and 6 patients (33.3%) were good. Conclusion: Modified-intrafocal pinning technique is a method of obtaining anatomical bone healing by directly reduction and fixation of the bony fragment. Combined with other conventional percutaneous pinning procedures, it is expected that good results can be obtained if applied to appropriate indications.