• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.331-337
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• 2023

Physiological disorders in pear fruit are mainly caused by problems during the growing season, such as lack of calcium in the soil, poor drainage, low porosity, vigorous pruning, and excessive fruiting. In this study, soil physicochemical properties and leaf characteristics were analyzed in pear orchards in four regions of Korea where chlorosis symptoms occurred to determine the causes of chlorosis. The color of chlorotic leaves was diagnosed using the naked eye or SPAD and Hunter values. The soil of the chlorotic orchard had a significantly higher soil pH than that of the regular orchard. Although adequate soil depth was not significantly associated with chlorosis, combined with over-fertilization of the soil with lime, it could potentially impair plant iron uptake. Chlorotic leaves had significantly lower iron and calcium contents and significantly higher magnesium contents than those of regular leaves. Therefore, the intensive occurrence of chlorosis during secondary shoot development around June and July when it is hot and humid may be due to impaired iron and calcium absorption, leading to physiological disorders. To solve this problem, avoiding the over-application of lime and applying foliar fertilizers containing chelated iron is recommended.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.75-81
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• 2004

ZZFCa sorbents for hot gas desulfurization in IGCC were prepared by adding calcium oxide to ZZF sorbent in order to improve its attrition resistance in this study. ASTM attrition test for the sorbent was performed at several different weight percentages of CaO to investigate the attrition characteristics of ZBFCa sorbents as a function of CaO content. Attrition index of ZZF without CaO was 28.3% and its collected attrition index was 10.8％. ZZFCa-3 containing 3 wt% CaO showed the lowest attrition index (AI=17.3％, CAI=8.8％) in the test. From the results of SEM morphologies and particle size distribution measurements, ZZFCa-3 maintained a fine shape and a desirable average particle size even after attrition test. In the experiments of sulfidation/regeneration for ZZFCa-3 sorbent concentration of hydrogen sulfide in coal gas was lowered from 10000 ppm to below 1 ppm. Sulfur removing capacity was about 28.8 g S/100 g sorbent. Neither formation of CaSO$_4$ was observed in XRD measurement nor SO$_2$ slippage was observed during sulfidation process.

• Proceedings of the Korean Environmental Sciences Society Conference
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• 1998.04a
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• pp.144-153
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• 1998

Sorbents of calcined limestone and oyster particles having a diameter of about 0.63mm were exposed to simulate fuel gases containing 5000ppmv H2S for temperatures ranging from 600 to 800C in a TGA. The reaction between CaO and H2S proceds via an unreacted shrinking core mechanism. The sulfidation rate is likely to be controlled primarily by countercurrent diffusion through the product layer of calcium sulfide(CaS) formed. The kinetics of the sorption of H2S by CaO is sensitive to the reaction temperature and particle size, and the reaction rate of oyster was faster than the calcined limestone.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.125-133
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• 1999

Sorbents of calcined limestone and oyster particles having a diameter of about 0.63mm were exposed to simulated fuel gases containing 5000ppm $H_2S$ for temperatures ranging from 600 to 80$0^{\circ}C$ in a TGA (Thermalgravimetric analyzer). The reaction between CaO and $H_2S$ proceeds via an unreacted shrinking core mechanism. The sulfidation rate is likely to be controlled primarily by countercurrent diffusion through the product layer of calcium sulfide(CaS) formed. The kinetics of the sorption of $H_2S$ by CaO is sensitive to the reaction temperature and particle size, and the reaction rate of oyster was faster than the calcined limestone.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Food Science of Animal Resources Conference
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.303-306
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• 2005

본 연구는 개발한 batch type 동결농축장치를 이용하여 제조한 동결농축유의 일반성분 분석 및 이화학적 특성을 분석하고, 진공농축유와 비교하여 동결농축유의 우수성을 입증하기위하여 실시되었다. 동결농축유와 진공농축유는 농축방법에 따라 차이가 나타났으며, 전기영동 실험결과 진공농축유에 비하여 동결농축유의 band가 뚜렷하게 나타나 열처리한 진공농축유가 열변성이 된 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 열처리시에는 Maillard반응이 일어나거나 유효성 lysine함량이 감소되며, 유청내 용해성 칼슘이 인산이나 변성된 단백질과 결합하여 한외여과성칼슘(calcium ions in milk ultrafiltrates)함량이 감소되며, 비타민 손실, 유당의 이성체화, 휘발성 황화합물 생성에 의해 가열취가 발생될 수 있다. 따라서 전기영동 실험결과 batch type 동결농축장치를 이용하여 제조한 동결농축유의 우수성을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.67-73
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• 2019

We carried out basic research to evaluate covering material for improving and managing contaminated benthic environments in coastal areas. Changes in nutrient concentration such as phosphate, hydrogen sulfide of contaminated sediment, and pH, Oxidation Reduction Potential (ORP) were investigated through mesocosm experiments for 6 months by covering contaminated sediment with granulated coal ash. Calcium oxide eluted from the granulated coal ash was confirmed to neutralize acidified sediment by increasing pH through hydrolysis. Also, calcium oxide and silica eluted from the granulated coal ash adsorbed and precipitated with phosphate in the sediment. The concentration of phosphate in the sediment investigated decreased by ca. 84.31 %. Similarly, the concentration of hydrogen sulfide decreased by 133.5 mg/L in one month. The hydrogen sulfide is considered to have reacted with substances such as manganese oxide which were eluted from the granulated coal ash and precipitated. Also, it was concluded that the hydrogen sulfide was reduced since anaerobic conditions in the sediment weakened. According to the results of these mesocosm experiments, granulated coal ash was found to be effective to remediate and manage benthic environments by covering the surface layer of sediment.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.45-51
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• 2001

Mackban-stone effectively removed heavy metals, such as Fe, Cu, Cd, and Zn, with best removal of Fe and Cu. And the removal of heavy merals related with ion exchange of Ca. Mackban-stone is also an efficient deodorant of hydrogen sulfide and ammonia and inhibited the growth of E coli. The degradation rare of 4-nitropheno1 by Nocardioides sp. PNP101 and 2,4-dinitrophenol by Strain CJ1 and Rhodococcus sp. DNP 505 are increased by Mackbane-srone.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.47-55
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• 2008

The objectives of this study were: 1) to develop the sensory lexicons of milk marketed in Korea, 2) to investigate the effects of pasteurization and milk composition on the sensory qualities of milk, and 3) to evaluate the correlation between descriptive analysis and the electronic nose method. Electronic nose and descriptive analyses were conducted to analyze the sensory characteristics of 14 milk samples. The 14 samples were provided from 4 manufacturers with different pasteurization methods, and varied in fat, calcium, and lactose content. Twenty-six sensory lexicons were developed to describe the sensory characteristics of the samples. The low temperature, long-time processed milk had a distinctive 'bi-rim' flavor regardless of the milk composition. The lactose-free milks were sweet, and the low-fat milks had relatively low intensities for most flavor attributes. The electronic nose method successfully grouped the milk samples primarily based on their composition, but grouped them weakly by pasteurization method.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.409-414
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• 2009

In 1970's Black locust(Robinia pseudoacacia) had been widely planted Korea as an important forest greening species for erosion control afforestation. Since 2000, however, the tree's leaf-yellowing symptom has often been observed at a limited region and then spreaded out over the country in 2006. This study was conducted to study soil physiochemical properties of black locust stands with and without the leaf-yellowing symptom in Osan, Gyeonggi province. Most of soils in sampling sites were mostly slightly eroded, dry, and moderately dry. Available soil depth(16cm) and total soil depth(26cm) in leaf-yellowing (LY) site were significantly lower than in non leaf-yellowing (Non-LY) site's soil depths which were 30cm and 56cm, respectively. And solid phase proportion and bulk density in soils were lower in LY site than in non-LY site soils, while soil liquid phase proportion was also low. It could reflect that LY site soils might have a lower air and moisture movement in the rhizosphere of black locust stand compared with non-LY site soils. Soil acidity in both sites was very strong acid, soil pH (4.42) of LY site was slightly lower than non-LY site's (pH 4.54). Content of available phosphorous, exchangeable $Ca^{2+}$ and $Mg^{2+}$ and percent base saturation were less than LY site. These results indicated that soil physiochemical condition in LY site, more deteriorated than non-LY site, should adversely affect the retention and supply capacity of soil nutrients and moisture. Therefore the black locust may be more sensitive to other environmental stresses.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.215-221
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• 2015

This study was conducted to control ginger rhizome rot treated with the combined treatment, the hairy vetch, carbonized rice husk and eggshell calcium in organic ginger farm. Early symptoms of leaf yellowing and plant wilt began in the chemical fertilizer treatment on July 1. Ginger rhizome rot was more progressed on October 2, and stem browning and dead plant showed a high disease incidence with from 36.7% to 43.0%. On the other hand, the combined treatment did not occur at all until July 1 and delayed the disease incidence to October 2. It showed a low disease incidence of 1.3% to 1.7%. In the combined treatment, the content of soil Na, Fe, Cu was decreased and organic matter was increased twice with 31.6% than previous. Population density of Pythium sp. is lower in the combined treatment ($0.3-2.0{\times}10^3cfu/g$ than the chemical fertilizer treatments ($12.0-12.3{\times}10^3cfu/g$). The combined treatment, hairy vetch, carbonized rice husk and the eggshell calcium is able to control the ginger rhizome rot in organically cultivated ginger field.