• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.7-18
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• 1979

Almonds are one of the oldest sources of food and oil for man as used the ice cream, candy, roast, salting, chocolate, breads, backed, cookies, and flavoring ect. So, we wish to plant Almond in our country at the most parts of mountains. In this purpose we must be find out of both root stock of more compatibility and new techniques of grafting was rather simples as compared with the many steps of machinary involved today. This investigation has been carried out to reveral compatibility and practical controls of environment effectives involved in the occurence of each difference combination results in interspecific grafting of Almonds on the root stock of Prunus mandshurica and Prunus persica as materials during the 9 months period from March to November in 1978. With these selected scions were 4 varieties of Almond employing as the Hal1's hardy, Nonpareil, and Thompson grafted in the polyethylene green house with almost identical provision made for effective controls of automatical supplying to heating and mistsprayers as the $22{\sim}25^{\circ}C$ of temperature and 70~90% humidity. Following results have been obtained. Those environmental controls were more effective and practical to grafting unions and success by means veneer-grafting at the green house. 1. Hall's hardy Almond grafted on the root stock of Prunus persica was more compatibility than Prunus mandshurica. 2. The survival percentages as follows of the 95.33% of Hall's hardy/Prunus persica and 92.66% of Hall's hardy/Prunus mandshurica. And those were no significant between root stock of both species. 3. The 3 varieties of sweet Almond grafted on the root stock of P. mandshurica. And those were no significant between root stock of both species. 4. And the survival percentages as fellows. Thompson 92.66%, Nonpareil 90.66% and Kapareil 89.33% those grafted on the root stock of Prunus persica. 5. And then the survival percentage of interspecific grafts on the root Prunus mandshurica as follows of the materials of Thompson 89.66%, Nonpareil 87%, Kapareil 85%. 6. The analysis of variance were no significant among the interactions between 3 varieties Almond and 2 species of root stock plants. 7. And the growth of interspecific grafts of the high 161cm, diameter 12.3mm and length of roots 21.5cm growth as the Hall's hardy Almond grafted on the root stock of Prunus persica. 8. The root stock plants of Prunus mandshurica more effected to 6~8 days early developed leafing of scions and dark green colour than the Prunus persica. 9. The identical provision of automatic systems was more effective to graft unions and grafting process. 10. The veneer-grafting method at the green house was more effective and practical method for the mass production of Almond grafts.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.58 no.1
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• pp.34-40
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• 1982

Main consideration of this trial is to know whether the planting work should be possible to do not only in the early spring but also in the summer or autumn, for giving the guide to get the work plan and to broaden the employing season of the skilled forest worker. Seedling of Pinus koraiensis, Larix leptolepsis, Pinus rigida, Pinus rigida${\times}$ P. taeda(wind) and Chamaecyparia obtusa as the test species had been planted in 15 days interval from the middle of March to the end of November. The seedling survival was investigated in the spring time of coming year because the winter damage could be problems. At the same time the climate data was measured daily and the shoot growth of test species were also measured in other near plantation at 15 days interval to know the influence to survival. From these results the spring and autumn planting is showing the good survival and the summer planting seems to give the difficulties. The spring planting in the southern temperate zone could be stared earlier as the end of February or beginning of March because the soil temperature are increasing up more $5^{\circ}C$ from this time. But the summer planting from the beginning of May until the end of August in better to avoid with excluding specially the good season of rainfall distribution because of the shoot growth of green confer seedling and the leave sprouting of Larix leptolepsis are so vigorously growing up from the begining of May and its wood structure is too weak to compensate the water loss. But among the test species Pinus koraiensis and Chamaecyparis obtusa have more possibility to plant in the summer season. The autumn planting seems to be very reasonable to accept newly in the trial region. This may be the reasons of still high soil temperature to grow the seedling root and of hardened school to resist from the dry winter wind. But it will be carefully that the strongly exposured site could be to avoid for the autumn planting in case of specially Pinus rigida${\times}$P. taeda and Chamaecyparis obtusa. From these discussion the guide table 1 for planting season with the test species is proposed and can be used for planing and employing in the trial zone.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.49-62
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• 1974

1. In the comparison of survival ratio among three different methods(bark graft, veneer graft, root graft), bark graft showed the highest survival ratio and root graft was the lowest. It was shown to be significant at the level of 5% in the analysis of variance for the results. It was able to be supposed that one of the main causes for the results was the different amounts of ferric tannic acid which was formated owing to the reaction of grafting knife with tannic acid oozing from cutting faces of the tree. In juvenile tissue graft, the survival ratio of inverted radicle graft was a little higher than that of juvenile stem graft, but there was no significant difference between two methods in analysis of variance. 2. The most hairs of chestnut tree leaves were recognized as stellates on the most part of leaves except for venation. The number of rays in the stellates was ranged from 4 to 8 generally. It was shown to be highly significant differences at the level of 1% among the each race growing at the similar environmental condition in the length of ray and the distributed ratio of the stellates having different ray number. 3. Excepting for the basal width of serration there were no significant differences between $Imakita_1$, $Imakita_2$ as well as between $Teteuchi_1$, $Teteuchi_2$ at the each point of experimental items in this study. Such results made this study more useful. 4. Among the races that were growing in the similar environmental condition, there were highly significant differences at the level of 1% in the length and the width of serration. 5. The rolling of hair, the angle of serration from the leaf margin, the existence of lateral vein in the serration, the intrusion of main vein into the serration and the width of main vein were observed to be somewhat useful as the subsidiary methods for the identification of chestnut races.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.66 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 1984

This study was undertaken to find out the effects of three kinds of potting media and two sources of explants on the survival and early growth of new plantlets of Poputus alba ${\times}$ P. grandidentata in the greenhouse. The results obtained can be summarized as follows; 1) Among three potting media, Terralite was best for early growth and survival of plantlets. 2) Like humidifier, an intermittent misting system can be effective in keeping relative humidity high for the plantlets. 3) Survival rates over 80% could be obtained if humidity was kept high during the hardening period. 4) During hardening period, the plantlets showed the juvenile characteristics such as smaller leaves, thinner stems, and shorter internodes. 5) There were no differences on morphological characteristics between the plantlets originating from axillary buds and the plantlets originating from multiple shoots while they were growing at the greenhouse. 6) The plantlets originating from bud culture grew normally comparing to regular cuttings.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.148-157
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• 2018

Research was initiated to evaluate four domestic and overseas organic soil amendments (SAs) on turfgrass groundcover and density and to provide basic information on practical sports turf establishment. This study was conducted in Agrostis palustris Huds. (CB) grown in sand-based root zone. A total of 20 treatments of SA+sand were prepared by mixing 10 to 50% (v/v). These amendments were SABP (Berger Peat), SAEP (Eco-Peat), SAGS (G1-Soil), and SAPP (Premier Peat). Turfgrass groundcover and density significantly varied with SAs, its mixing rate to sand and week after seeding (WAS). Cumulative turfgrass density was variable, but a great change occurred between 2 and 4 WAS. Turfgrass density at 2 WAS ranged from 36.7 (SABP 30) to 89.7% (SAGS 20), being 53.0% in differences among treatments. However, CB reached to carrying capacity around 6 WAS. Thus, most treatments were similar to 90% or so in density. At the end of study, overall groundcover ranged between 60.7 (SAEP 10) and 96.7% (SAPP 50). Proper mixing rate was variable with SAs, being 10 and 20% for SABP and SAGS, respectively. But the optimum rate was 50% for both SAEP and SAPP.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.51-56
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• 1978

In the present study an experiment on the interspecific grafting of European and American filberst on the root stock of Korean filbert (C. heteropylla & C. sieboldiana) by means of veneer graftings in the green house was carried out and those survival percentage and growth was also investigated. The obtained results can be summarized as follows. 1. Interspecific grafting of European and American filberts on root stock of Korean filbert (C. heterophylla & C. sieboldiana) was 97%~98.3% of survival. 2. Those Interspecific grafts was higher compatibilities and nonsukering of root stocks of Korean filberts in the 1~2 years old. 3. Those mean growth of interspecific grafts was 106.7cm~111cm of height and 11.7mm~14.6mm of diameters at the stem base.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.80-84
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• 1975

The seeds, scions and plants of chestnut tree (Castanea. crenata) and Chinese chestnut tree (C. bungeana) were irradiated by gamma ray in order to know their biological effects on germination, plant growth and mutation at several accumulative doses and dose rates. The results of this study could be summarized as follows: 1. In general, the radio-sensitivity of scions was more sensitive to irradiation, showing 50% reduction dose of the control for grafting percentage at 3.1 kR as compared with 4.6 kR for the above reduction dose in germination rates of seeds. 2. The seeds treated by 5 kR dose resulted in some albino mutants at a rate of 0.84%. There was a general tendency that the seedling height reduced significantly as the irradiation dose increased. 3. The scions treated by an acute irradiation showed their 50% reduction dose in grafting at 3.2 kR for Chinese chestnut and at 3.1 kR for chestnut, respectively, while their irradiation doses increased three times, having 10.2 kR for the 50% reduction dose in the case of semi-acute irradiation. 4. When Chinese chestnut trees were irradiated during their dormant period with a total dose of 7.5 kR to 4.9 kR at a dose rate of 150 R to 98 R per day, there were induced giant leaf bud-sports at a frequency of 16.6%. The averag leaf area of the giant leaf bud-sports were measured at 96.36 square centimeters, while the area of normal leaf was only 26.28 square centimeters.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.78 no.2
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• pp.189-197
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• 1989

This study was carried out to produce the grafts of Juglans sinensis by juvenile grafting method which epicotyl of newly germinated seeds were used as stocks and juvenile fresh shoots were used as scion. The results obtained were as follows ; 1. When plastic tube installed covering up seed with soil up to 6cm height for diameter increment of epicotyl, the epicotyl can be grown up to thickness of 10mm. 2. When the soft fruit branches and the soft water sprout with the terminal bud 8cm to 12cm long were used as scions, the survival rates showed 90 Percent. 3. The optimum date for making juvenile grafts was around the 20th of May, and the survival rates of grafted seedlings showed 86 percent in average. 4. The grafted seedlings showed first sprouting the 15th of June, that is 25 days after making graft, and the sprouting rate was 72 percent. 5. The height-growth of grafted seedlings finished at the end of July, and diameter growth lasted into the end of October. 6. There was positive correlation between the height of grafted seedlings and the diameter at root collar. 7. In general, it takes two years to make plantable graft seedlings from hardwood scion and stock, but the juvenile graft seedlings can be easily obtained in a year and so it seems to be economic.

• FLOWER RESEARCH JOURNAL
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.313-316
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• 2008

A yellow grafted cactus of Gymnocalycium mihanovichii 'Yellow King' was bred by the Cactus Research Institute, Gyeonggi-do ARES. in 2007. A crossing between 'GG0214319' and 'GG021295' in 2005 was obtained 338 seedlings. 'Yellow King' was finally selected through the test of specific growth and glove coloring characteristics in 2007. The color of glove and tubercles is yellow. The shape of glove is round with 8~9 ribs. Spine is short and brown color. Growth is fast as 6 month after planting to reach 34.1 mm in diameter. Propagation ability is good to set as many as 12.4 tubercles.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.24-29
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• 1997

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of locations and nursing days on the cstablishment and the first-year growth of Aster scaber seedlings in mountainous areas. Survival rates of the seedlings ranged from 72% in Bukbang to 27% in Mt. Yeonyup B. Survival rate of 90 days-seedlings was 65%. 150days-and 120days- seedling had 2 or 3 leaves but it was almost same as that of native plants. The plants grown in Mt. Yeonyup A averaged 10.7cm high and 90 days-seedlings grew best. Dry weight of plants grown from 120 days- and 90days- seedlings was respectively 215mg and 205mg.