• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.515-520
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• 2007

Recently, the treat of sludge is usually progressed by ocean disposal. But it will be totally banned by content of its heavy metal according to London Dumping Convention, gradually. The stable way of treat of sewage sludge should be examined urgently. To solve the problem, recently, there are efficient and environment-oriented method. One of them is to produce absorbent through the activation. This study produces absorbent through steam activation. As basic experiment, optimum activation condition for preparation of good absorbent is researched through study of the fellowing variables : steam flow rate, activated temperature, activation time. As the result of this with standard on iodine adsorptivity, it is chosen, that steam flow rate "30 mL/hr", activation temperature $"500^{\circ}C"$, activation time "60 minutes". At the time, iodine adsorptivity and yield shown that 228.4 mg/g, 77.23%. And also, by using nitrogen adsorption, SEM and EDS are confirmed that pore development, specific surface area, mean pore size, chemical component and content. Pore developed by steam activation is also confirmed that it is micropore.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.135-141
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• 2019

Recently, there has been active researches about building an artificial intelligence agent that can learn how to play a game by using re-enforcement learning. The performance of the learning can be diverse according to what kinds of deep learning activation functions they used when they train the agent. This paper compares the activation functions when we train our agent for learning how to play a 2D shooting game by using re-enforcement learning. We defined performance metrics to analyze the results and plotted them along a training time. As a result, we found ELU (Exponential Linear Unit) with a parameter 1.0 achieved best rewards than other activation functions. There was 23.6% gap between the best activation function and the worst activation function.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.281-288
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• 2000

This experiment was carried out to investigate the optimal activation condition for parthenogenetic development. In order to activate oocytes at 22 h post onset of maturation, the oocytes were subjected to 5 $\mu$M ionomycin(I) for 5 min ,10 $\mu$M calcium ionophore(Ca) for 5 min, 2 mM 6-dimethylamino-purine(DMAP) for 3 h and 10 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$ cycloheximide(CH) for 6 h alone or in combination. The activated oocytes were cultured in modified CR$_1$aa at 5% $CO_2$, 5% $O_2$, 90% $N_2$. l. The cleavage rates after 48 h culture of oocytes treated with I, Ca, DMAP and CH were 12.7%, 14.1%, 28.9% and 22.9%, respectively. There was no blastocyst formation. 2. The cleavage rates after 48 h culture of oocytes treated with I ＋ DMAP, I ＋ CH, Ca ＋ DMAP and Ca ＋ CH were 96.9%, 82.1%, 93.1% and 34.7%, respectively. Developmental rates to blastocysts were 10.4%, 5.3%, 17.6% and 7.1 %, respectively. When oocytes were treated with Ior Ca followed by DMAP, the blastocyst formation rate was significantly higher than other groups(P <0.05). 3. According to single activation treatment, pronucleus formation rates were 5.4%, 3.6%, 28.3% and 28.8%, respectively, Whereas, all oocytes treated with the combined activation agents formed 100% pronucleus.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2002.07a
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• pp.369-371
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• 2002

기저부하조성 및 부하율 망상을 위한 심야 전력요금제도의 정착으로 최근 심야전력축열기기의 보급이 활성화되고 있다. 그러나 모든 심야전력축열기기들이 심야요금개시시간대인 22:00경에 동시에 가동됨에 따라 23:00경에 심야전력 부하가 최대에 이르러 전력피크가 발생하여 한전의 수요관리에 어려움을 주고 있다. 따라서 이 피크 부하를 심야전력 공급시간대의 저부하 시간대로 분산시킬 수 있는 심야전력기기 공급시간제어장치가 필요하게 되었으며, 이미 축열식전기보일러와 축열식 전기온수기에는 개발 보급되고 있는 실정이다. 이 논문에서는 다른 심야전력축열기기와는 달리 자연방열의 바닥축열난방방식인 축열식전기온돌의 공급시간자동제어장치 알고리즘을 실증실험을 통해서 검증하였다.

• Proceedings of the Safety Management and Science Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.267-273
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• 2008

기술의 발전은 인간의 생활시간을 늘리는데 큰 역할을 하고 있다. 특히 조명 분야의 발전은 야간시간을 주간시간과 같이 늘리는데 지대한 역할을 하고 있다. 현재 야간의 활동 시간을 넓히는데 우요한 역할을 하던 조명의 역할이 경관의 활성화와 미적 공간 의 창출로 활용되고 있다. 또한 야간 조명은 건강과 복지에 대한 인간의 욕구를 야간 시간의 활용을 통하여 충족시킬 수 있도록 도와주고 있다. 이러한 상황에서 근린공원 의 야간 시간 이용자들이 늘어나고 있으며 야간 조명이 근린공원 이용자들의 만족도를 향상시키는 중요한 도구로 작용하고 있다. 본 연구는 근린공원 이용의 만족도와 안전성을 높이는 야간 조명의 배치를 법적 기준에 근거한 평면적 접근법에서 수목의 배치와 생육상태를 고려한 입체적 접근법으로 시뮬레이션 접근법을 제안한다.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.78-83
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• 1999

Purpose : To evaluate the language areas activated by fMRI during different reading tasks and to assess the difference of activated areas according to each reading task. Materials and Methods : Functional maps of the language area were obtained during three reading tasks(Korean consonant letter, pseudoword, and word) in nine right-handed volunteers(7 males 2 females). MR examinations were performed at 1.5T scanner with EPI BOLD technique(gradient echo shot EPI, TR/TE 3000/60, flip angle $90^{\circ}$, matrix $64{\times}64$, 5mm thickness, no slice gap). Each task consisted of three resting periods and two activation periods and each period lasted 30 seconds. We used SPM program for the postprocessing of images and signification level was set at p<0.01. Activated areas were topographically analyzed in each stimulus. Results : Significant activated signals were demonstrated in all volunteers. Activated signals were seen in the frontal, temporal, parietal and occipital lobes during reading tasks and they were lateralized to the left hemisphere except occipital lobe. Letter and pseudoword produced stronger activated signals than word, and the activated signals were more lateralized to the left hemisphere in pseudoword reading than in letter reading. Conclusion : Activated signals were induced in the language areas by reading task of letter or wordform. Greater activation of language areas was induced when letter or pseudowords were presented than familiar words.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 2006

Artificial activation of oocytes is a prerequisite for the successful cloning by nuclear transfer. This study investigated the effect of the different combination of activation agents such as electric pulse (E), thimerosal (Thi) + dithiothreitol (DTT), 6-dimethylaminopurine (6-DMAP) or cycloheximide (CH) on the developmental ability of porcine embryos derived from parthenogenetic activation (PA). PA embryos activated with chemicals showed significantly higher developmental rate to the blastocyst stage compared to the embryos activated with E alone ($21.5{\sim}28.1%$ vs. 18.0%, respectively). Of chemicals, Thi + DTT supported higher development to the blastoryst stage (28.1%). There was no significant difference in 1 pronucleus (PN) formation rate $(59.9{\sim}64.7%)$, but 2PN formation rate was significantly higher in PA embryos with additional activation using chemicals $(7.2{\sim}9.7%)$. In conclusion, this study shows that chemical activation after electric pulse can increase the development of porcine PA embryos.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2013.02a
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• pp.437-437
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• 2013

3족 질화물은 우수한 광학 특성과 특히 3족 물질의 조성비 조절로 넓은 대역의 밴드갭 엔지니어링으로 발광다이오드의 물질로 각광 받고 있다. 이와 더불어 발광다이오드의 광추출효율을 향상시키기 위해 다양한 연구들이 활발히 이루어지고 있다. 그 연구 중 하나로 나노, 마이크로 사이즈의 막대와 같은 일차원적 구조와 최근 ITO를 활용한 투명 전극을 대체하여 전도도가 100배 정도 높은 금속을 이용한 옆면 접촉 전극을 도입한 것이 최근 발표되었다. 그러나 옆면 접촉 전극을 형성하기 위해서는 기존의 약 100 nm 정도의 두께의 p-형질화갈륨층은 공정 마진 등에 어려움이 있다. 따라서 기존에 비해 두꺼운 p-형 질화갈륨층이 필요하다. 보통 상용화된 유기 금속화학 증착법을 이용한 p-형 질화갈륨층은 도핑 물질인 Mg의 낮은 활성화와 성장 분위기 중 수소로 인해 양질의 것을 얻기 어렵고 이를 위해 성장 후 추가적인 활성화가 필요하다. 따라서 두꺼워진 p-형 질화갈륨층에 대해서도 기존의 성장 조건과 활성화 조건의 적합 여부와 이에 대한 연구가 필요하다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 양질의 p-형 질화갈륨을 얻기 위하여 성장 조건 및 성장 후 급속 열처리 온도, 시간에 대한 최적화와 약 630 nm 두께의 p-형 갈륨질화층을 가지는 발광다이오드에 대해 급속 열처리 조건에 대한 특성 연구를 실시한다.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.42 no.11
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• pp.911-918
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• 2014

In this paper, a selective activation strategy of cohesive elements using user subroutine UMPC was studied as an efficient solution for the added compliance problem in cohesive zone model crack propagation analyses. The cohesive elements were inserted between every bulk elements in region where cracks were expected to initiate and propagate, but initially not activated by tying the cohesive nodes using multi-point constraints. During analyses, the cohesive elements for which specified criterion was met were selectively activated by releasing the constraints. The effect of initial cohesive stiffness and the release criterion on the crack propagation behavior was carefully investigated.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.277-286
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• 1992

개구리의 난자로 부터 maturation promoting factor(MPF)를 추출, 부분 분리하여 이들의 활성을 조사하고 이 물질의 생성과 protein kinase C(반KC)와의 관계를 조사하SB다. 성숙된 난자를 분쇄한 후 초원심분리과정을 거쳐 MPF의 crude extract(CE)를 얻은 다음 ultrafiltration (UF)과 고속액체크로마토그라피를 거쳐서 3종류의 분획 (peak 1, 11, and 111)을 얻었다. 이들 분획을 in nitro assay와 autoradiDgraphy를 사용하여 확인한 결과 분획 11에서 MPF 활성이 있는 것을 알았다. 분리 단계에 따라 MPF의 정제도를 Hl histone kinase assay로 조사한 결깍 UF를 거친 것은 CE보다 약 3배로, 분획 11에서는 약 117배로 증가한 것을 확인하였다. 또한 MPF분획의 인산화를 autoradiography로 조사한 결과 45 KD 단백질을 포함한 수종의 난자 단백질이 강하게 인산화되었음을 알 수 있었다. PKC의 활성화가 난자내 MPF의 생성을 유도하는가를 보기 위하여 PKC의 활성제인 12-0-tetradecanoyl phorbol 13 acetate(TPA)를 처리한 난자의 세포질 추출물을 미세주입 법으로 조사한 결과 TPA 처리 후 6시간부터 난자내 MPF의 활성이 나타나는 것을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 결과들은 PKC의 활성화가 MPF의 생성을 유도하고, MPF의 활성화와 함께 일부 단백질들의 인산화를 통하여 궁극적으로 난자 성숙을 촉진했음을 시사한다.