• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.178-188
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• 2017

Purpose: We compared the effects of newly developed diode laser (Bison 808 nm Diode laser) on the treatment of peri-implantitis with conventional products (Picasso 810 nm Diode laser) by comparing the surface temperature of titanium disc and bacterial sterilization according to laser power. Materials and Methods: The titanium disc was irradiated for 60 seconds and 1 - 2.5 W using diode laser 808 nm and 810 nm. The surface temperature of the titanium disc was measured using a temperature measurement module and a temperature measurement program. In addition, in order to investigate the sterilizing effect according to the laser power, 808 nm laser was irradiated after application of bacteria to sandblasted large-grit acid-etched (SLA) and resorbable blast media (RBM) coated titanium discs. The irradiated disks were examined with scanning electron microscopy. Results: Both 808 nm and 810 nm lasers increased disk surface temperature as the power increased. When the 810 nm was irradiated under all conditions, the initial temperature rise rate, the descending rate, and the temperature change before and after was higher than that of 808 nm. Disk surface changes were not observed on both lasers at all conditions. Bacteria were irradiated with 808 nm, and the bactericidal effect was increased as the power increased. Conclusion: When applying these diode lasers to the treatment of peri-implantitis, 808 nm which have a bactericidal effect with less temperature fluctuation in the same power conditions would be considered safer. However, in order to apply a laser treatment in the dental clinical field, various safety and reliability should be secured.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.103-108
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• 2006

Purpose: The circular stapled Billroth I gastrectomy has been gradually popularized because of several advantages. Thus, this study aims to identify what to be supplemented for the safety of this technique by examining the potential complication after the circular stapled Billroth I gastrectomy. Materials and Methods: This study selected 594 patients who underwent the circular stapled Billroth I gastrectomy because of the gastric cancer in our department of surgery from Jan. 1998 to Dec. 2004 as the subjects. As of Jan. 2001 when the bleeding on the anastomosis site was visually checked through the small incision at the opposite curvature to the lesion of the stomach to be resected and so the operation was completed, the patients were divided into the Group I (n=219) and Group II (n=375), which were the patients before and after Jan. 2001, respectively. Then, the clinical characteristics and postoperative anastomotic complications of both groups were compared. Results: For the comparison of complications between two groups, the anastomotic leakage was found in four cases in Group I and three cases in Group II (p=0.196). The stenosis on the anastomosis region was not observed in both groups. The bleeding on the anastomosis region illustrates the statistically significant difference between Group I and Group II, with 43 cases and 2 cases, respectively (P=0.0019). Conclusion: The circular stapled Billroth I gastrectomy is recommended because of several advantages of this technique. However, the bleeding on the anastomosis site may be indicated as the critical issue. Accordingly, the visual check on the bleeding on the anastomosis site during the operation will improve the safety of circular stapler.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.49 no.8
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• pp.864-869
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• 2006

Purpose : We evaluated the immunogenicity and safety of eIPV(Imovax $Polio^{(R)}$) in a group of healthy Korean infants on a three-dose primary vaccination. Methods : Eighty one healthy infants aged 8-10 weeks were enrolled, and 79(male 42, female 37) completed the study. Three doses of eIPV were injected intramuscularly at 2, 4 and 6 months of age as of primary vaccination. Most subjects received concomitant vaccines such as DTaP and/or Hib at 2, 4, and 6 months of age. Immediate reactions were monitored for 30 minutes after each injection. Local and systemic events were recorded for 72 hours following each immunization by parents/guardians. Poliovirus specific neutralizing antibodies were measured using enzyme immuno-assay (EIA) at prior to and 1 month after the third dose. An antibody titer of 1:8 or higher was considered seroprotective. Geometric mean titers(GMTs) to each poliovirus type antigen were also measured. Results : One month after the third dose of eIPV, all infants(100 percent) were seroprotective. The geometric mean titers(GMTs) were 1,532(95 percent CI : 1,312-1,788) in type 1 and 835(95 percent CI : 684-1,018) in type 2 and 846(95 percent CI : 692-1,035) in type 3. Overall, local reactions were observed in 10 percent of infants and systemic reactions in 26.2 percent of infants. All reactions were observed within 3 days after vaccination and resolved without treatment. Conclusion : eIPV(Imovax $Polio^{(R)}$) is a well-tolerated and highly immunogenic vaccine. It can be administered either alone or simultaneously with other routine vaccines to Korean infants.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.61-70
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• 2003

Objectives: Traffic accidents often occur to power tillers without reflective light in the dawn, evening and night. Because of this reason, there has been a 'campaign to attach reflective lights' to power-tillers in recent years. Therefore, the authors investigated the relationship between reflective light and traffic accidents involving power-tillers. Methods: We defined traffic accidents of power tillers as those cases of rear-end collision by a car in the dawn, evening or night. According to our definition, four cases were confirmed in Hyungok-myeon, Gyeongju and five cases in Gigye-myeon, Pohang. We selected a control group from people in the same village with similar age, sex, driving history and education. Results: The study group contained 9 accidents and 36 non-accidents. Power tillers with reflective light were 32 cases (72.7%) of 44 cases (excluded one case due to death). Of those, the status of reflective light was 'clean' in 18 cases (56.3%). The recognition that reflective light can prevent accidents was 'Yes' in 26 cases of 44 cases (59.1%). The recognition of the 'campaign to attach reflective lights' to power tillers was 'Yes' in 38 cases of 44 cases (86.4%). The recognition about the safety regulation of driving power-tillers was 'Yes' in 32 cases of 44 cases (72.7%). Odds ratio of traffic accidents for no reflective light was 7.00 (95% CI: 1.06-58.37). Conclusions: Although the 'campaign to attach reflective lights' to power tillers are going on, its effectiveness may unknown. Therefore, more extensive epidemiologic study is needed into the relationship between reflective light and power tiller traffic accidents, with effective administration of the government and the attention of medical persons.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.51 no.8
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• pp.868-873
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• 2008

Purpose : Immunotherapy is accepted as the only treatment of allergic disease that can modify the natural course of the disease and ameliorate symptoms. This study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of ultra-rush therapy using Dermatophagoides extracts in children. Methods : Of children older than four years who had visited Bundang CHA Pediatric Allergy Clinic, those showing positive reactions only to Dermatophagoides in the skin prick test and to the nasal provocation test were included. In all, 11 and 12 patients respectively preferred conventional and ultra-rush immunotherapy. We elevated allergen concentrations diluted to 1,000:1 of the end strength by 2-3 times with 30-minute intervals and checked oxygen saturation, pulse rate, blood pressure, and systemic reactions every 15 minutes. Immunotherapy effectiveness was valued by changes in nasal provocation test scores before and after immunotherapy. Results : The average ages of patients in the conventional and ultra-rush immunotherapy groups were $8.3{\pm}2.3$ and $9.2{\pm}2.8years$, respectively. Systemic reactions were observed in six in the ultra-rush group (50%) without anaphylaxis and one (9%) in the conventional group. The average scores in the nasal provocation test before and after treatment in the conventional group were $8.2{\pm}1.5$ and $4.6{\pm}2.1$, respectively (P=0.043). In the ultra-rush immunotherapy group, the scores changed from $6.2{\pm}2.2$ to $3.7{\pm}2.5$ (P=0.017). Conclusion : Ultra-rush immunotherapy using Dermatophagoides in children is effective for treating allergic disease but can induce systemic effects rather than conventional immunotherapy.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.91-98
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• 2007

Objectives : Considering the impact of depressive illness on physical and mental health of both mother and fetus, specification of a treatment algorithm for depressive disorder during pregnancy is legitimated. This article provides a systemic review of treatments for depressive disorder during pregnancy and lactation. Methods : According to the search strategy of the Clinical Research Center for Depression of Korean Health 21 R & D Project, PubMed and EMBASE were searched using terms with regard to the treatment of depressive disorders during pregnancy and lactation. Reference lists of related reviews and studies were searched. In addition, relevant practice guidelines were searched using the PubMed. All identified clinical literatures were reviewed and summarized in a narrative manner. Results : Pharmacotherapy during pregnancy and lactation requires a comprehensive assessment of the risks and benefits of treatment for both mother and fetus or neonate. Recently, there is growing evidence that the use of tricyclic and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors during pregnancy and lactation does not result in increased risks of teratogenicity. Treatment strategies are described according to the point of time of pregnancy or lactation. FDA categories for antidepressants during pregnancy and lactation are described. In addition, issues regarding to the electroconvulsive therapy and psychosocial treatment are discussed. Conclusion : The treatment option for depressive disorders during pregnancy and lactation depends on the severity of depressive illnesses of the individual patient. For mild to moderate depression, the non-pharmacological treatment should be considered first. For moderate to severe depression, pharmacotherapy should be administered in addition to the psychosocial treatment. ECT is recommended for depressive disorder of severe intensity. As the research knowledge is limited, the recommendations should based on the best judgement of psychiatrists.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.306-312
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• 2011

Objectives: This clinical study evaluated the effect of light activation on the whitening efficacy and safety of in-office bleaching system containing 15% hydrogen peroxide gel. Materials and Methods: Thirty-three volunteers were randomly treated with (n = 17, experimental group) or without light activation (n = 16, control group), using Zoom2 white gel (15% $H_2O_2$, Discus Dental) for a total treatment time of 45 min. Visual and instrumental color measurements were obtained using Vitapan Classical shade guide and Shadepilot (DeguDent) at screening test, after bleaching, and 1 month and 3 month after bleaching. Data were analyzed using t-test, repeated measure ANOVA, and chi-squared test. Results: Zoom2 white gel produced significant shade changes in both experimental and control group when pre-treatment shade was compared with that after bleaching. However, shade difference between two groups was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Tooth shade relapse was not detected at 3 months after bleaching. The incidence of transient tooth sensitivity was 39.4%, with being no differences between two groups. Conclusions: The application of light activation with Zoom2 white gel system neither achieved additional whitening effects nor showed more detrimental influences.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.40 no.1 s.270
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• pp.17-24
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• 2007

Background: The aim of this study is to assess the clinical results of various procedures in congenital aortic stenosis. Material and Method: From August 1987 to June 2004, 53 patients of congenital aortic stenosis underwent procedures such as percutaneous balloon valvuloplasty, aortic valvuloplasty, Ross procedure, and aortic valve replacement. The mean age of initial procedures was $8.2{\pm}6.0$ years. Percutaneous balloon valvuloplasty was peformed in sixteen patients, aortic valvulopiasty in thirty two patients, Ross procedure in nineteen patients, and aortic valve replacement in fourteen patients. The mean follow duration was $80.6{\pm}60\;(0{\sim}207)$ months. Result: There was 15.1% (8/53) of early mortality and no late mortality. The six patients with critical aortic stenosis were died of left ventricular dysfunction in early series (before 1 year; 4 cases) and two patients died after the Ross procedure and aortic valve replacement respectively. After percutaneous balloon valvuloplasty, most patients needed reoperations (14/16). Thirteen patients needed reoperation, after aortic valvuloplasty. After Ross procedure, two patients needed reoperation due to aortic regurgitation caused by progressive aortic root dilatation. The actuarial survival rate after Ross procedure at 7 years was 90.5%. Conclusion: In young children before the age of one, percutaneous balloon valvuloplasty was considered as :he safe initial palliative procedure. But children over one year-old, aortic valvuloplasty were the effective procedure. Ross procedure can be preformed safely with good results.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Food Hygiene and Safety Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.50-58
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• 2004

Valy-Tyrosine (VY) derived from alkaline pretense hydrolyzate of sardine muscles showed the in vitro Angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity and the in vivo antihypertensive effect in SHR. We investigated the antihypertensive effect of the VY on mild hypertensive subjects including subjects with high-normal blood pressure using a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study. (1) Nineteen subjects (Age 48.9${\pm}$4.3, M/F;18/1) took a 100ml drink either containing 125${\mu}$g of VY or placebo twice daily for 4 weeks. The reductions of the systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were observed in mild hypertensive subjects (n=5) with averages of 17.8${\pm}$2.5 mmHg (p<0.01 vs placebo) and 11.0${\pm}$2.0 mmHg(p<0.05 vs placebo), respectively. Neither SBP nor DBP changed in the subjects of both the placebo group and the high-normal blood pressure group. (2) A randomized double-blind cross-over placebo-controlled study was carried out in 10 mild essential hypertensive subjects (Age 50.6${\pm}$4.6, M/F;10/0). They took a 100ml drink either containing 62.5${\mu}$g of VY or placebo twice daily for 4 weeks alternatively with a 6-week interval. The percent changes in SBP and DBP were -6.9 % and -5.8 % (p<0.05) one week after the VY drink administration, respectively. No adverse effects such as coughing or allergic phenomena could be observed in any of the subjects of drinking VY during the experimental period. These results suggest that the drink containing at least 125${\mu}$g/day of VY may have a significant antihypertensive effect on mild hypertensive subjects without any adverse effects.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.111-118
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• 2016

Acne vulgaris is a chronic inflammatory condition characterized by comedo, papule, cyst, nodule and postinflammatory hyperpigmentation. Meanwhile, it is also induced by adverse event of drugs. Among them, acneiform folliculitis is a side effect of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor, which is an anticancer agent, and its incidence may occur in upward of 75 ~ 100% of cases. The main method of acne vulgaris treatment is oral antibiotics, retinoids, topical medication and so on. However, it is limitation that teratogenicity caused by retinoids and antibiotic resistance increased by using antibiotics. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of topical recombinant human (rh) EGF in treating facial acne vulgaris. Twenty three Koreans (age: 10 ~ 29 years) with mild to moderate acne vulgar participated in the study and applied topical rhEGF cream (trouble control EGF) with 3 products (trouble control clarifying cleansing foam, trouble control all-clear filling toner, redroll calming moisture) on their face twice daily for four weeks. Several assessment methods were applied: Acne lesion counts score by investigator's global assessment, efficacy and satisfaction score by subjects. Skin sebum output level, hydration level and redness level were also measured at each visit. At the final visit, skin sebum level, transepidermal water loss, skin redness statistically decreased and acne lesions (comedone, papule) were statistically reduced. No severe side effects were observed during the study. In conclusion, topical rhEGF seems to be an effective and safe adjuvant treatment option for mild acne vulgaris.