• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.132-137
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• 2010

This study was performed to investigate the effect of apple and maltitol as ingredients on the quality of Jochung, a grain syrup. Four kinds of Jochung products were prepared from steamed-rice, apple juice, heated-apple sarcocarp (at $70^{\circ}C$, 60 min), and a mixture (sarcocarp : maltitol＝5:1, w/w) by saccharifying (at $55^{\circ}C$, 8 hrs) with a malt (100 g/500 g rice), mixing the ingredients (steamed-rice : ingredient＝5:5, w/w), filtering, and heating the filtrate (at $95^{\circ}C$, 2 hrs): product (A) with apple juice added before saccharified, product (B) with apple juice added after saccharified, product (C) with heated-apple sarcocarp added after saccharified, and product (D) with the mixture added after saccharified. The product (D) had the lowest pH value ($4.60\pm0.01$) of any other products. The contents of reducing sugar and total phenolic compound were the highest in the product (A) among all the products, which comprised $68.10\pm6.71$% and $7.36\pm0.85$ mg/g, respectively, resulting in good quality. The solidity and the dextrose equivalence had the highest value in the product (B) and the product (C), respectively. The malic acid content ($4.10\pm0.02$%) of the product (D) was the highest of any other organic acids identified by HPLC. Hunter L, a, and b values of the product (D) were the highest compared to other products. In sensory evaluation, the product (A) had generally higher score in all sensory attributes. It was concluded from the chemical and sensory evaluation that adding the apple juice before saccharified might be an effective method for manufacturing good quality rice-Jochung.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.201-206
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• 2003

An apple wine was prepared by fermentation at $25^{\circ}C$ for 2 weeks using Saccha개myces cerevisiae KCCM 12224, followed by aging at $15^{\circ}C$ for 14 weeks, and its physicochemical and microbiological changes were investigated. The viable bacterial cell numbers, increased from $1.4{\times}10^3\;CFU/ml$ at the beginning of fermentation, to $2.8{\times}10^6\;CFU/ml$ after 2 weeks, but decreased to $1.0{\times}10^5\;CFU/ml$ after aging. The viable yeast cell numbers changed from $4.3{\times}10^4\;CFU/ml$ to $1.2{\times}10^7\;CFU/ml$ during the fermentation, and decreased to $1.2{\times}10^4\;CFU/ml$ after aging. Sugar content changed from $20.0^{\circ}Brix$ to $8.5{\circ}Brix$, and reducing sugar content was changed from 9.66% to 6.44%. Alcohol content and acidity increased to 7.0% and from 0.19% to 0.24%, respectively. No changes in acidity, pH, and sugar content were observed during the aging, but reducing sugar and solid contents decreased. When apple wine was fultered through $0.45\;{\mu}m$ nitrocellulose membrane followed by various ultrafiltration membranes with different molecular weight cut-off values, the initial flux $(121.2\;liter/m^2/h)$ and the average flux of Biomax 100k membrane were the highest among the membranes used. These membrane filtration treatments resulted in complete removal of microorganisms as well as decrease in turbidity and solid content without changes in other chemical properties. No changes in the physicochemical properties of the apple wine and no microorganisms were detected during the storage at $156{\circ}C$ for 6 weeks.

• Clean Technology
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.189-201
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• 2014

Partial oxidation, $CO_2$ reforming and the oxidative $CO_2$ reforming of $CH_4$ to produce synthesis gas over supported Ni hydrotalcite-type ($Ni_{0.5}Ca_{2.5}Al$ catalyst) catalysts were carried out and the effects of metal supports (i.e.; Mg and Ca) on the formation of a stable double-layer structure on the catalysts were evaluated. The $CH_4$ reforming stability was determined to be affected by the differences in the interaction strength between the active Ni ions and support metal ions. Only a Ni-Mg-Al composition produced a highly stable hydrotalcite-type double-layered structure; while the Ni-Ca-Al-type composition did not. Such structure provides excellent stability for the catalyst (-80% efficiency) as confirmed by the long-term $CO_2$ reforming test (-100 h), while the Ni-Ca-Al catalyst exhibited deactivation phases starting at the beginning of the reaction. The interaction strength between the active metal (Ni) and the supporting components (Mg and Al) was determined by temperature-programed reduction (TPR) analyses. The affinity was also confirmed by the TPR temperature because the Ni-Mg-Al catalyst required a higher temperature to reduce the Ni relative to the Ni-Ca-Al catalyst. The highest initial activity for synthesis gas production was observed for the $Ni_{0.5}Ca_{2.5}Al$ catalyst; however, this activity decreased quickly due to coke formation. The $Ni_{0.5}Ca_{2.5}Al$ catalyst exhibited a high reactivity and was more stable than the other catalysts because it had a higher resistance to coke formation.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.278-283
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• 2019

3 kinds of fine powder, Fe-2%Ni alloy powder(N Ltd.) and Fe+2%Ni mixed powder(B Ltd. and S Ltd.), were fabricated into sintered compacts of bending strength specimens and ring type specimens by metal injection molding, debinding and controlling sintering conditions (reduction and sintering atmospheres, sintering temperature, sintering time and cooling rates). Density and magnetic properties of the sintered compacts were evaluated with the following conclusions. (1) When each compact was hold at 1123K for 3.6ks in H2 and sintered at 1623K for 14.4ks in Ar, the density of N, B and S Ltd.'s sintered compacts were measured as 96, 99 and 99%, and oxygen/carbon contents were measured as 0.0041%O/0.0006%C, 0.0027%O/0.0022%C, and 0.160%O/0.0026%C, respectively. (2) Magnetic characteristics of B Ltd. compact in Ar with the best results showed $B_{25}=14.3KG$, $B_r=7.75KG$, and $H_c=2.1Oe$, but not enough as those made by melting process. (3) Magnetic properties of B Ltd. compact which were sintered at 1673K for 14.4ks in Ar gas, and cooled at $0.83Ks^{-1}$ to 1123K and then cooled at $0.083Ks^{-1}$ down to room temperature were measured as $B_{25}=14.8KG$, $B_r=8.3KG$, and $H_c=1.3Oe$, almost similar to those made by melting process. Objected soft magnetic materials properties were obtained through sintering process by controlling sintering conditions (reduction condition, sintering atmosphere, sintering temperature and sintering time) and cooling rates.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.58-63
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• 2014

Variety of volatile materials is present in crude-Zinc oxide recovered from EAFD(Electric arc furnace steel dust). Commonly, it is purified by oxidizing roasting. In this study, spherical each specimen prepared crude-zinc oxide like 1~3 mm and 10 mm was tested in vertical tube furnace at the temperature range $600^{\circ}C$ to $1200^{\circ}C$ in oxidizing atmosphere. Oxidizing roasting properties of zinc oxide were investigated using XRD, XRF and ICP-OES. At temperature blow $950^{\circ}C$ volatilization rate were remarkably low. As the temperature increases, the concentration of Zn increased and the concentration and XRD peaks of impurities decreased. The result indicated that volatilization rate depended on specimen size and roasting temperature.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.371-378
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• 2004

The $SrGa_2S_4:Eu^{2+}$ green emitting phosphor has been studied as a luminous device for CRT (Cathode Ray Tube) or FED (Field Emission Display) and EL (Electroluminescence). This phosphor, also, is under noticed for LED (Lighting Emitting Diode) phosphor, which makes use of excitation characteristics of long wavelength region. The $SrGa_2S_4:Eu^{2+}$ phosphor was prepared generally conventional synthesis method using flux. However, this method needs high heat-treated temperature, long reaction time, complex process and harmful $H_2S$or $CS_2$ gas. In this works, therefore, we have synthesized $SrGa_2S_4:Eu^{2+}$ using SrS, $Ga_2S_3$, and EuS as starting materials, and the mixture gas of 5% H2/95% N2 was used to avoid the $H_2S$or $CS_2$. We investigated the luminescence characteristic of $SrGa_2S_4:Eu^{2+}$ phosphor prepared in various synthesis conditions, performed post-treatment and sieving process for application to LED.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.44 no.9
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• pp.1347-1355
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• 2015

In this study, the physicochemical properties, antioxidant capacities, and volatile flavor compounds of oriental melon wine prepared by freeze concentration after heat treatment (HA), ascorbic acid treatment (AAT), and heat and ascorbic acid treatment (HAAT) were investigated. During fermentation period, the melon wine by HAAT showed greater reduction of soluble solids and reducing sugar contents compared to other treatments. In addition, the melon wine treated with HAAT also showed a higher L value and lower browning index compared to other treatments. After aging, free sugar including fructose, and organic acids including citric acid, succinic acid, and malic acid were detected in all samples. For antioxidant activities and contents, HAAT treated wine showed greater antioxidant activities and total phenolic contents than those of others. In GC/MS analysis, a total of 33 volatile flavor compounds were identified. In the principal component analysis of volatile flavor compounds, principal components 1 and 2 represented 88.15% of the whole date distribution and showed opposite tendencies. Taken together, HAAT enhanced the antioxidant activities and sensory properties of oriental melon wine. Moreover, freeze concentration gave the different volatile flavor characteristics in oriental melon wine.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.31 no.9
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• pp.747-752
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• 2009

This research was performed by means of several different virgin granular activated carbons (GAC) made of each coal, coconut and wood, and the GACs were investigated for an adsorption performance of bromate in a continuous adsorption column. Breakthrough behavior was investigated that the breakthrough points of the virgin two coals-, coconut- and wood-based GACs were observed as 9252 bed volume (BV), 6821 BV, 5291 BV and 2431 BV, respectively. The experimental results of adsorption capacity (X/M) for bromate showed that two coal- based GACs were highest (1334.5 and 798.2 ${\mu}g$/g), the coconut-based GAC was intermediate (668.6 ${\mu}g$/g) and the wood-based GAC was lowest (156.8 ${\mu}g$/g). The X/M of the coal-based GACs was 2~8.5 times higher than the X/M of the coconut-based and wood-based GACs. The results of carbon usage rates (CURs) for the virgin two coal-, coconut- and wood-based GACs were shown as 0.19, 0.25, 0.33 and 0.71 g/day respectively. The adsorption capacity, k values, were also investigated by means of the GACs for bromate. The k values of two coal-, coconut- and wood- based GACs for bromate were found to be 121.3, 76.7, 43.3 and 14.6 respectively. This results suggested that using the virgin GAC made of coal was the best selection for removal of bromate in the water treatment for an advanced treatment.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.9-16
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• 1999

Transforming growth factor $\beta$1(TGF-$\beta$1) has potentials to be used as a new therapeutic agent. However, studies with TGF-$\beta$ were hindered by its high cost. In this study, we developed an improved method to purify TGF-$\beta$1 from human platelets, for which four purification steps were used: platelet extraction, gel filtration, cation exchange chromatography, and reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography. After a final step of purification, a pure protein with a molecular weight of 25,000 corresponding to the commercially available TGF-$\beta$1 was obtained, which were confirmed by silver staining and Western blotting after SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). It was confirmed by the inhibitory effects of TGF-$\beta$1 on a mink lung epithelial cell line that the purified TGF-$\beta$1 had its biological activity, whose activity is slightly higher than that of the commercially available TGF-$\beta$1. About 3.7$\mug of the purified TGF-$\beta$1 was obtained from 10 units of concentrated human platelets, the final yield of which is about 21%.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.43 no.11
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• pp.1709-1715
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• 2014

The objective of this study was to examine the antioxidant activities of extracts from Mori ramulus using different extraction methods (HE, hot water extraction; EE, 50% ethanol extraction; UE, ultrasonic extraction; PE, pressured extraction). The extraction yield of PE (3.07%) was higher than that of UE (1.43%), EE (1.18%), and HE (1.07%). The total phenolic and flavonoid contents of EE were 334.66 mg/g, and 35.64 mg/g, respectively. The oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) of EE ($3,483.37{\mu}M/g$ FW) was higher than those of HE ($2,687.52{\mu}M/g$ FW), UE ($2,300.45{\mu}M/g$ FW), and PE ($2,117.62{\mu}M/g$ FW). The DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities of EE at $1,000{\mu}g/mL$ were 65.84%, and 97.52%, respectively. The superoxide radical scavenging activity of EE was 67.77~98.74% ($100{\sim}500{\mu}g/mL$) higher than those of other extracts. The ferric reducing antioxidant power and reducing power of EE were $189.00{\sim}974.80{\mu}M$, and 0.12~0.82, respectively. The tyrosinase inhibitory activity of EE (23.25~67.20%) improved with an increase treatment concentration. The antioxidant and tyrosinase inhibitory activities of EE were significantly higher than those of other extracts. In conclusion, we provided experimental evidence that extracts from Mori ramulus have potential as functional materials.