• 한국방재학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2011.02a
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• pp.215-215
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• 2011

1996년도 UN해양법협약의 발효와 각국의 배타적 경제수역(EEZ) 선포로 연안역에 대한 관심이 국제적으로 고조되고 있는 가운데 우리나라에서도 연안역 관리법(가칭)이 제정되었다. 국토해양부는 연안역 공간이용 효율성 극대화와 부존 해양자원의 치계적인 개발과 보전을 위하여 연안역 관리법을 특별법으로 제정하였으며 1998년 중에 시행령 등 하위법령을 제정해 시행키로 하였다. 이 이후로도 연안역 특별법에 대한 연구는 계속 진행중이며, 현제 연안역은 연안어업, 수산양식장, 모래채취, 염전, 해수욕장, 관광지, 해양시설, 간척, 매립지, 공업단지 등으로 많이 이용되고 있다. 그러나 연안역 안전시설에 대한 상세 설계기준 및 시공에 대해서는 자세히 다루고 있지 않다. 연안역은 관광객이 증가하면서 안전시설과 구난장비의 미비한 실정으로 인해 인적 물적 피해가 빈번히 발생 증가하고 있는 것으로 나타나고 있다. 안전사고의 다발지역을 분석해 보면 관광객으로 인하여 방파제 주변에서의 안전사고가 증가하고 있는 상황이며, 이로 인한 인명피해도 증가하고 있다. 방파제에 대한 안전사고를 막기 위하여 우선적으로 방파제에 대한 안전사고를 해결하고자 인명피해를 막는 구난시설들에 대한 간격 등의 기준을 제시하였다. 다른 지역에 비하여 연안역은 파도에 의하여 사람이 떠내려가는 것을 고려하여 구난시설의 간격을 해안이나 다른 안전시설에 비하여 더 짧게 하였으며, 구난시설이 피해자에게 빠르게 전달되고자 멀리 던진 수 있으며, 구난시설을 잡음과 동시에 숨을 쉴 수 있는 여건이 조성되도록 연구하였다. 안전사고를 효율적으로 방지하기 위하여 인간공학을 접한 안전시설을 연구를 하였다. 인간공학이란, 인간의 행동, 능력, 한계, 특성 등에 관한 정보를 발견하고, 이를 도구, 기계, 시스템, 과업, 직무, 환경의 설계에 응용함으로 인간이 생산적이고 안전하며 쾌적하고 효과적으로 이용할 수 있도록 하는 것이다. 인간공학은 인간이 사용할 수 있도록 설계하는 과정에 있어 인간의 활용성 및 편리성을 증대하는 학문으로 보며, 설계초기 단계에서부터 인간의 요소의 체계적인 고려를 필요로 하게 되었다. 이 논문은 과거에 일어났던 사고사례들을 주시하면서 앞으로의 미래에 똑같은 사고사례가 발생하지 않도록 예방하이 위하여 인간공학과 안전시설을 통하여 연안역의 안전시설의 설치기준에 도움이 되는 자료를 제공하고자 한다.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.1-9
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• 2021

The process and facilities of modern chemical plants are becoming increasingly complex, there is possibility of potential risk. Internal chemicals generate stress concentration when operated due to turbulence, laminar flow, pressure, temperature, friction, etc. It causes cumulative fatigue damage, which can damage or rupture chemical facilities and devices. The statistics of chemical accidents found that the highest rate of occurrence was in summer, and in the last five years statistics on chemical accidents, leakage incidents make up a decent percentage of accidents. Chemical leaks can cause serious human damage and economic damage, including explosions and environmental pollution. In this study, based on the leak accident of chemical plant, the risk analysis, and damage effects assessment were estimated using a 3D scanner and FLACS. As a result, if chemicals leak in summer, the risk is higher than in other seasons, the seasonal safety management measures, and countermeasure were estimated.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.36-44
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• 2010

In order to rehabilitate forest sites damaged by wildfire via natural or artificial restoration, it is important to determine right tree species, which can acclimate to biogeoclimatic environment at the sites. The objectives of this study were to develop site index equation of different tree species for estimating forest productivity and to provide information on species selection for post-wildfire restoration. Site index equation was developed based on environmental information from wildfire damaged areas in Gangneung, Goseong, Donghae, and Samcheok, where were located in east coastal areas of South Korea. Despite the small numbers (4~5) of environmental variables used for the development of the site index equations, statistical analysis (e.g. mean difference, standard deviation of difference, and standard error of difference) showed relatively low bias and variation, suggesting that those equations can provide relatively high capability of estimation and practical applicability with high effectiveness. The small numbers of the variables enabled the model to be applied in a wide range of usages including determination of appropriate tree species for post-wildfire restoration. The estimation of forest site productivity showed the possibility of large distribution in east coastal region as the best site for Korean ash (Fraxinus rhynchophylla) and original oak (Quercus variabilis) that can be used for firebreak in the region. These results imply that damages by forest fire can be reduced significantly by replacing existing pure coniferous forests in the area with ones dominated by broad-leaved deciduous stands, which can play an important role as fire break and/or prevent a transition from surface fire to crown fire.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.103 no.3
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• pp.510-518
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• 2014

Conflicts between humans and wild boars (Sus scrofa) have increased because of causing crop damage and appearing in downtown. Management to reduce population size has mostly been implemented on pests, but knowledges about ecological values are very rare. Rubbing trees by wild boar was investigated to figure out characteristics and for management ecologically from July to October 2013 in a mixed forest, Geochang, Gyeongnam Province, Korea. Pinus rigida was most frequently founded, and rubbing trees, both conifers and deciduous, were mainly located in 200~600 m above sea level. DBH was no significant difference between rubbing and control trees. The use intensity of conifers was higher than that of deciduous. The coverage of foliage layers and the number of woody plants within a radius of 2.5 m of trees (rubbing and control) were also investigated and compared to determine ecological characteristics. There were 1,332 individuals founded from 25 families. In the coverage of foliage layers, the understory and midstory showed statistically significant, but not in the subover and overstory. The number of Shrubs and saplings are higher in rubbing trees than those of control, but no difference in stems. Total individuals, the number of species, species diversity index(H') within a radius 2.5 m is considerably higher in rubbing trees with high intensity than those of low intensity and control. Our results show that wild boar mainly selected and used conifers more frequently as rubbing trees. Wild boar also modified the physical environments around rubbing trees. Consequently, the positive effects such as species diversity is increase. Thus the conservation policies is required after the intensive population reduction every 3-4 years for forest ecological management rather than annual sustainable hunting.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.95 no.3
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• pp.365-369
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• 2006

This study was conducted to clarity the differences in density and body weight of rodents among unburned and two burned areas (silvicultured and natural restored areas) after forest fire from July to September 2004 in coniferous forest of Samcheok, Korea. The density of rodents was the least in the silvicultured area. There was no differences in density between the unburned and natural restored areas. Also, mean body weight of rodents in the natural restored area was higher than in the silvicultured area. Shrubs, seedlings, snags and CWD (coarse woody debris) would be good for inhabitation of the rodents in forest fired area. Therefore, coverage of understory layer should be maintained in forest fired area.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.605-614
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• 2015

This study was carried out to maintain, manage and restore the trails by assessing the physical conditions, the patterns of deterioration and the impact rating class of the major trails of Juwangsan National Park. The major trails followed 4 routes including Jubong, Gamaebong, Janggunbong~Geumeungwangi and Woloe. The route length of Jubong was 4.6 km; it was 3.6 km for Gamaebong, 5.6 km for Janggunbong~Geumeungwangi and 5.9 km for Woloe. As for the physical conditions, Jubong was the widest and Janggunbong~Geumeungwangi was the narrowest in trail width. In terms of the bared trail width, Jubong was the widest and Janggunbong~Geumeungwangi was the narrowest. As for the depth of erosion, Gamaebong was the deepest and Woloe was the shallowest. Janggunbong~Geumeungwangi was the steepest and Gamaebong was the gentlest in the slope. Further, Gamaebong showed the highest soil hardness, and Woloe had the lowest hardness. In terms of the times of appearance of deterioration patterns, Jubong recorded 71 times, Gamaebong 62 times, Janggunbong~Geumeungwangi 63 times and Woloe 78 times. In case of the impact rating class, the trail erosion was similar to grades I and II grade; the rest were mostly I grade and hence considered to be in a generally good condition. For the ongoing management of trails, a comprehensive study needs to be conducted in the light of various environmental factors. Also, a restoration plan for damaged trails should be established with consideration for the surrounding environment and ecosystem.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.508-515
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• 2015

Post-fire restoration can affect breeding bird communities and species compositions over a long-term period by determining pot-fire succession, and a long-term monitoring is therefore required to understand its impacts on forest birds. This study aimed to document the effects of post-fire restoration methods on breeding bird communities in three areas: unburned and two burned (nonintervention and intervention with clear-cut logging and planting) stands 13 years after the stand-replacing Samcheok forest fire at Mt. Geombong in Samcheok, South Korea. According to 108 point counts during the breeding season from April to June 2013, we found that the number of individuals, observed bird species, and species diversity index in intervention stands with clear-cut logging and planting were lower than that in nonintervention and unburned control stands. Foraging and nesting guild analysis also showed a lower abundance of foliage searchers, timber drillers, primary cavity nesters and secondary cavity nesters in intervention stands than in the other stands, while no significant difference was detected between the nonintervention and unburned stands. These results imply that an interventional restoration method may deter the recovery of avian breeding communities after forest fires, and also suggest that non-interventional restoration methods may be an effective way to benefit the species diversity and density of breeding bird communities.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.241-251
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• 1994

Use impacts on environmental deteriorations were studied on the four major trails and a campsite of Tokyuksan National Park in 1993. The entire width, bare width, maximum depth and slope of trail as the trail condition were significantly greater on the more heavily used trail. Percentages of rock-exposed, deepening, root-exposed points as the deterioration types of trail which were surveyed at the total of 106 points were higher and trail conditions were significantly different from those of non-deteriorated points. On the Paekryon trail, the damaged area more severe than Class 4 reaches about 910$m^2$/km and the use impact and deterioration on campsites were accelerated. The dominant trees of the the upper and lower layer in trail edge vegetation could be Quercus serrata and Acer pseudo-sieboldianum for Paekryon trail, Q. mongolica and Tripterigium regelii for the other trails. A. pseudo-sieboldianum, Q. serrata, Rhus trichocarpa, Fraxinus sieboldiana, Lespedeza maximowiczii, Symplocos chinensis for Pilosa were classified for tolerant species to use impacts.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.33-39
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to present the raw data for establishing the conservation and restoration trail about Wolseong by objective and systematical trail deterioration in Wolseong as UNESCO, world heritage site, Gyeongju-si, Korea. To accomplish the purpose, not only trail condition such as altitude, entire width, bare width, maximum depth and slope of trail, but also deterioration types of trail were surveyed at the total 97 points for 2.145km in length on the 11 access trails to Wolseong. Major deterioration types of trail were root exposure(48%), rock exposure(40%), trail deeping(9%) in order of frequency. To grasp the deterioration condition of the trail, assessment on impact rating class of trail that the 11 access trail were investigated. Putting these results together informs us that the deterioration condition of the trail in Wolseong is reached the level of grave concern yet, prompt countermeasure to maintain the existing condition has to be considered with regard for the conditions of location and the containing amounts of use.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.91-103
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• 1991

Use impacts on environmental deteriorations of trail and campsite were studied in Chirisan National Park in 1991. The entire width, bare width and maximum depth of trail as the trail condition were significantly greater on the more heavily used trail. Trail conditions, especially altitude, entire width and maximum depth of deteriorated points which were surveyed at the total of 82 were significantly different from those of non-deteriorated points. On the ridge trail, the damaged are more severe than Class 4 reaches about 34,000$m^2$ and use impacts on campsite and deterioration were also accelerated. The dominant trees of the upper layer in trail edge vegetation are changed from Carpinus tschonoskii to Quercus serrata, Carpinus laxiflora and to Quercus mongolica, Carpins laxiflora at Hwaeomsa trail, and from Quercus serrata to Quercus mongolica at Piagol trail. Also Lespedoza maximowiczii, Symplocos chinensis, Deutzia prunifolia, Weigela Subsessilis appear as the dominant lower species at Hwaeomsa trail, L. maximowiczii, S. chinensis, Stephanandra incisa, Rhododendron schlippenbachii for Piagol trail.