• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.1057-1066
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• 2016

This study examined how 'forest name' or 'information of forest healing effectiveness' influence their perceived environmental restorativeness (PER) and perceived healing effectiveness (PHE). Study area was the 'Forest Healing Road (FHR)' in Mudeungsan National Park. Data were collected from 247 visitors selected by convenient sampling method using questionnaire survey during May-June, 2015. Respondents who read interpretive signs (forest name and information on forest healing effectiveness of FHR were written) installed along the FHR were regarded as placebo group and respondents who didn't read them as control group. The results showed that there were no overall differences on PER and PHE between control and placebo groups. Placebo group, however, rated more positive on 'being away' factor of PER than control group. All four factors (i.e., being away, coherence, fascination, comparability) of PER statistically influenced PHE (p<0.001), and these factors explained 51.1% of PHE. The 'coherence' was the most influential to PHE, followed by 'being away', 'comparability', and 'fascination' in order. Placebo effects on PER were shown in male, in lower age group(age${\leq}54$), or respondents with lower visiting experience to FHR(${\leq}20$ times/year). Placebo effects on PHE were found in male, in small group (${\leq}2$ persons), in respondents who visited 'alone' or 'with relatives/family', or in respondents with lower visiting experience to FHR(${\leq}20$ times/year). Some research and managerial implications were suggested.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.101-107
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• 1999

동물계의 몇 곤충을 제외한 대부분 두 개의 눈을 가지고 시 생활을 하게 된다. 이런 두 개의 눈은 진화 과정에서 생존을 위해 필요 충분한 요인인 것이다. 눈의 시야계의 역할을 주변에서 일어나는 사항에 대해서 생존을 위한 즉각적인 대처를 할 수 있게 하고 주변 환경에 대한 정보를 정확하고 빠르게 수용하기 위한 것이며, 외부 환경의 3차원 세계의 정보를 지각하기 위한 것이다. 사람이 볼 수 있는 수평각은 $210^{\circ}$로 다른 동물에 비해 가장 작은 값을 갖으나, 두 눈을 동시에 한 사물을 관찰 할 수 있는 3 차원적 지각 각도는 $130^{\circ}$로 다른 동물에 비해 가 장 큰 값을 갖고 있다. 이런 현상은 사람에게 3차원 영상의 수용이 가장 진화된 것으로 이와 관련된 입체시와 양안 불일치의 형성 원리를 설명 할려고 한다. 양안 불일치는 양 눈과 관련되기 때문이다. 이런 단서는 두 눈은 서로 다른 위치에서 세계를 보기 때문 외부 세계에 대해서 두 개의 약간 서로 다른 시점을 가진다 라는 사실에 기인한다.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.17-28
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• 1979

Geodetic and geophysical quantities related to gravity data are analyzed using three-dimensional sin x/x method for the southern part of the Korean peninsula and adjacent Japan Sea. The thickness of isostatic crust is found as 26 km. The average isostatic gravity anomaly in this area is appeared to be +24.8 mgal, of which result indicates that the surface features are under-compensation or the thickness of the crust is thinner than normal. It is noteworthy that the general trend of the deflections of the vertical in direction is nearly perpendicular to the geological structure having a direction of NNE-SSW in the southern part of Korea.

• The Korean Journal of Franchise Management
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.105-122
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• 2015

This study was to investigate the impact of environment characteristics on perceived value and visit intention in franchise coffee shops. And, the study was to examine the mediating role of perceived value in the relationship between environment characteristics and visit intention. The data were collected from 212 coffee shop users and analyzed with SPSS and AMOS.. The findings are as follows. First, price, service, and atmosphere have a significant effect on the defined hedonic value but menu does not. Second, price and service have a significant effect on utilitarian value but menu and atmosphere do not. Finally, both hedonic value and utilitarian value have a significant effect on visit intention.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.83-101
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• 2023

This study aims to examine the moderating effects of environmental friendly attitudes between perceived value and loyalty in ecotourists. A total of 210 valid questionnaires were collected from visitors to Saemangeum and Sihwaho during 7 days. The functional value, social value, and emotional value were identified as dimensions of perceived value from factor analysis. Results from regression analysis revealed that emotional value and social value positively influenced loyalty. Moreover, environmental friendly attitudes were found to moderate the relationship between loyalty and emotional and social values. The findings suggest that policy makers and practitioners consider environmental friendly attitude and perceived values in making ecotourism programs to sustain ecotourism destinations.

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.169-193
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• 2016

In order to characterize the Neotectonic crustal deformation and current stress field in and around the Korean Peninsula and to interpret their tectonic implications, this paper synthetically analyzes the previous Quaternary fault and focal mechanism solution data and recent geotechnical in-situ stress data and examines the characteristics of crustal deformations and tectonic settings in and around East Asia after the Miocene. Most of the Quaternary fault outcrops in SE Korea occur along major inherited fault zones and show a NS-striking top-to-the-west thrust geometry, indicating that the faults were produced by local reactivation of appropriately oriented preexisting weaknesses under EW-trending pure compressional stress field. The focal mechanism solutions in and around the Korean Peninsula disclose that strike-slip faulting containing some reverse-slip component and reverse-slip faulting are significantly dominant on land and in sea area, respectively. The P-axes are horizontally clustered in ENE-WSW direction, whereas the T-axes are girdle-distributed in NNW direction. The geotechnical in-situ stress data in South Korea also indicate the ENE-trending maximum horizontal stress. The current crustal deformation in the Korean Peninsula is thus characterized by crustal contraction under regional ENE-WSW or E-W compression stress field. Based on the regional stress trajectories in and around East Asia, the current stress regime is interpreted to have resulted from the cooperation of westward shallow subduction of the Pacific Plate and collision of Indian and Eurasian continents, whereas the Philippine Sea plate have not a decisive effect on the stress-regime in the Korean Peninsula due to its high-angle subduction that resulted in dominant crust extension of the back-arc region. It is also interpreted that the Neotectonic crustal deformation and present-day tectonic setting of East Asia commenced with the change of the Pacific Plate motion during 5~3.2 Ma.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.340-346
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• 2012

The relationships between environmental factors and the dynamics of the microcrustacean community, including planktonic or epiphytic cladocerans and copepods, were studied at Upo Wetlands from 2001 to 2010. Among 10 identified cladoceran taxon, epiphytic cladocerans (Alona, Camptocercus, Simocephalus, Diaphanosoma, Sida) and planktonic cladocerans (Bosmina, Ceriodaphnia, Daphnia, Moina, Scapholeberis) showed distinctive patterns in appearance throughout the year. Overall, epiphytic cladocerans were more abundant during the aquatic plant development season (May to Nov.), planktonic cladocerans were similarly distributed throughout the seasons, but showed a lower density than epiphytic cladocerans. The seasonal changes in copepods abundance showed a similar seasonal pattern when compared to epiphytic cladocerans. Planktonic cladocerans showed no significant relationship to rainfall and physico-chemical factors, while epiphytic cladocerans exhibited a distinct relationship with rainfall and water temperature (n=120, p<0.01), and a negative relationship with pH and conductivity (n=120, p<0.05). Among the epiphytic cladocerans, the Alona and Diaphanosoma showed a distinctive correlation with environmental factors, and their density was affected by rainfall and water temperature (n=120, p<0.01). Copepods had a positive relationship with rainfall (n=120, p<0.01) and water temperature (n=120, p<0.05). In conclusion, changes in rainfall and water temperature can affect the seasonal changes of microcrustacean community and abundance in Upo Wetlands.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Sensory Integration
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.1-13
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• 2020

Objective : The purpose of this study was to evaluate the differences in sensory processing and visual perception between school-age children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and typical children. Methods : The participants in this research were children in the first and second grade in elementary school in Kyoung-Nam Region; 25 children diagnosed with ADHD comprised the experimental group, and 51 typical children comprised the control group. To evaluate the sensory processing of the children, the Sensory Profile (SP) was used, and the Korean Developmental Test of Visual Perception-2 (K-DTVP-2) was used to assess visual perception skills. The data were analyzed using SPSS 20.0, and the Independent t-test was used to compare the sensory processing and visual perception skills of the two groups. Results : The study found differences in the Sensory Profile summary scores and factor summary scores between the two groups (p<.05). We also found differences in the visual perception index and subtest standard scores between the two groups (p<.05). Conclusion : The results of this study show that the experimental and the control groups had significant differences in sensory processing and visual perception skills. The result will contribute to the assessment and education of children with ADHD.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.517-526
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• 2013

This thesis revolves around dual sensory therapy techniques using perception arts group counseling program focused on Popcorn Brain phenomenon. The program emphasizes intrinsic motivations for changes by activating the brain's dual sensory such as a sense of smell, tactile sensation and vision to deal with brain issues caused by digital devices addiction. Perception arts group counseling program is based on voluntary satisfaction of relationship desires, which can lead to a sense of accomplishment and belonging. Expression methods using dual sensory were presented as an alternative to resolving digital devices addiction by blending cognitive-behavioral counseling technique and group art therapy technique. The blending method offers an environment that can maintain a change to a senseless and lackluster brian due to excessive uses of digital devices, the main cause of Popcorn Brain, by emphasizing "thoughts${\rightarrow}$emotions${\rightarrow}$behavior" with a structural expression approach. If perception arts group counseling program is established in more systematic fashion and used strategically to offer such environment, it may be used as a treatment for brain issues described above. In addition, the program can be used a basis for encouraging voluntary treatment to satisfy relationship desires.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.21-29
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• 1998

Broadband receiver functions are developed from teleseismic P waveforms recorded at Wonju (KSRS), Inchon (IRIS), and Pohang (PHN), and are analyzed to examine the crustal structure beneath the three stations. The teleseismic receiver functions are inverted in the time domain to the vertical P wave velocity structure beneath the stations. Clear P-to-S converted phases from the Moho interface are observed in teleseismic seismograms recorded at the three stations. We estimated the crustal velocity structures beneath the stations using the receiver function inversion. The general features of inversion results are as follows: (1) For Pohang station, there is a high velocity gradient at a 4~5 km deep for SE and NW back azimuth and a low velocity zone at around 10 km deep. The Moho depth is 28 km for NW direction. (2) The shallow crustal structure beneath Wonju station is somewhat complex and there is a high-velocity zone ($V_p{\simeq}6.8km/sec$) at 3 to 4 km deep. The average crustal thickness is 33 km, and a transition zone exists at a 30~33 km deep of lower crust, of which velocity is abruptly changed 6.4 to 7.9 km/sec. (3) For Inchon station, the crustal velocity gradient monotonously increases up to the Moho discontinuity and the velocity is abruptly changed from 6.2 km/sec to 7.9 km/sec at 29 km deep.