• Title/Summary/Keyword: 확장방

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Brain-type Natriuretic Peptide Ameliorates High-fat Diet-induced Hepatic Insulin Resistance (Brain-type natriuretic peptide (BNP)의 고지방 식이 유도에 의한 인슐린 저항성 개선 효과)

  • Dae Young Jung;Jeong Bin Park;Myeong Ho Jung
    • Journal of Life Science
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    • v.34 no.1
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    • pp.1-8
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    • 2024
  • Brain-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) is a cardiac hormone that exerts cardiovascular and renal effects and regulates metabolic processes. In the current study, to determine the hepatic effects of BNP, we investigated whether it improves high-fat diet (HFD)-induced hepatic IR and characterized its possible mechanism. No significant differences in body weight, fat mass, or lean mass were observed between the saline- and BNP-treated groups of normal diet-and HFD-fed mice. During the clamp test, the BNP infusion into HFD-fed mice led to lower blood glucose levels and increased glucose infusion rates versus that into saline-treated HFD-fed mice. The BNP infusion also inhibited hepatic glucose production and decreased hepatic triglyceride levels concomitant with decreased expression of gluconeogenesis and lipogenesis-related genes, resulting in reduced levels of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase. BNP increased the phosphorylation of Akt and AMP-acti- vated protein kinase (AMPK) in the livers of HFD-fed mice compared to saline-fed HFD mice. The incubation of AML12 murine hepatocytes with BNP increased the basal levels of phosphorylated Akt and AMPK and recovered the phosphorylated Akt and phosphorylated AMPK levels reduced by palmitate treatment. Furthermore, BNP incubation prevented palmitate-induced increases in lipo- genesis gene expressions. Taken together, the current study's findings indicated that BNP ameliorates hepatic IR, resulting in reduced hepatic glucose production and hepatic steatosis.

The Developmental Outcome of Fetal Mild Isolated Ventriculomegaly (단독 태아 경뇌실확장증의 임상적 예후)

  • Jeong, Myung Sook;Chun, Jung Mi;Kim, Kyung Ah;Ko, Sun Young;Lee, Yeon Kyung;Shin, Son Moon;Lee, Eu-Ree
    • Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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    • v.48 no.8
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    • pp.826-831
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    • 2005
  • Purpose : This study is directed to evaluate standardized developmental test performances of infants and children who, as fetuses, had mild isolated cerebral ventriculomegaly diagnosed by ultrasound. Methods : All prenatal sonographic findings from 2001 to 2002 were evaluated. Live isolated mild ventriculomegaly(IMVM) of 10-15 mm were observed in 95 cases(1.1 percent). Standardized developmental testing of 40 cases of IMVM and 36 cases in a comparison group were offered to parents Both groups of children were adjusted to normal antepatum subjects with respect to sex, race, indication for ultrasound and gestational age at the time of ultrasound. Test of cognitive and motor development(Bayley Scales of Infant Development, Second Edition; BSID-II) were administered by developmental examiners. Results : Forty cases and 34 comparison sujects completed the testing. The IMVM and comparison groups were similar with respect to parental age, gestational age, birth weight, familial socioeconomic status. The IMVM subjects scored lower than the comparison group on both the BSID-II, but there was not statistically significant. differences; metal development index(MDI)($92.7{\pm}12.9$ vs $94.7{\pm}14.1$, P=0.47) and psychomotor development index(PDI)($100.3{\pm}14.1$ vs $101.3{\pm}10.7$, P=0.75). Eleven cases(27.5 percent) of IMVM group and five cases(14.7 percent) of the comparison group were developmentally delayed, but most cases in both groups showed mild delays. Resolution or lack of progression, lateral ventricle diameter ${\leq}12mm$ and females were associated with better scores, but there were not statistically significant. Polarity, and head circumference were not related to later development. Conclusion : This study show children with MIVM did not delay performance in the developmental test, but we might suggest a tendency to increase the risk of mild developmental delay.

Isolated Volume Response to a Bronchodilator and GOLD Classification in Patients with COPD (만성 폐쇄성 폐질환 환자에서 기관지확장제의 사용에 따른 단독 폐용적 반응 (isolated volume response)과 GOLD 분류와의 관계)

  • Hur, Gyu Young;Lee, Seung Hyeun;Jung, Jin Yong;Kim, Se Joong;Lee, Kyoung Ju;Lee, Eun Joo;Jung, Hye Cheol;Lee, Sung Yong;Lee, Sang Yeub;Kim, Je Hyeung;Shin, Chol;Shim, Jae Jeong;In, Kwang Ho;Kang, Kyung-Ho;Yoo, Se Hwa
    • Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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    • v.59 no.1
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    • pp.23-29
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    • 2005
  • Background : Chronic obstructive lung disease is characterized by smoke-related, gradually progressive, fixed airflow obstructions. However, some studies suggested that a reversible bronchial obstruction is common in chronic obstructive lung disease. Such reversibility persists despite the continued treatment with aerosolized bronchodilators and it appears to be related to the diminution in symptoms. The isolated volume response to a bronchodilator is defined as a remarkable increase in the FVC in response to the administration of a bronchodilator whereas the $FEV_1$ remains unchanged. This has been suggested in patients with severe emphysema. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the response to a bronchodilator and the severity of an airflow obstruction in COPD patients using the GOLD classification. Methods : This study examined 124 patients with an airway obstruction. The patients underwent spirometry, and the severity of the airflow obstruction was classified by GOLD. The response groups were categorized by an improvement in the FVC or $FEV_1$ > 12%, and each group was analyzed. Results : Most subjects were men with a mean age of $65.9{\pm}8.5$ years. The mean smoking history was $41.26{\pm}20.1$ pack years. The isolated volume response group had relatively low $FEV_1$ and FVC values compared with the other groups. (p<0.001) Conclusion : In this study, an isolated volume response to a bronchodilator is a characteristic of a severe airway obstruction, which is observed in patient with a relatively poorer baseline lung function.

Immediate Effect of Hemodialysis on Pulmonary Function and Bronchodilator Response in Patients with Chronic Renal Failure (만성신부전 환자에서 혈액투석이 폐기능 및 기관지확장제에 대한 반응에 미치는 영향)

  • Jeon, Ho Seok;Lee, Yang Deok;Cho, Yongseon;Han, Min Soo
    • Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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    • v.56 no.1
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    • pp.77-84
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    • 2004
  • Background : We hypothesized that there was a relationship between body weight change and bronchodilator response (BDR) in patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) on hemodialysis (HD). Several mechanisms such as pulmonary edema due to water retention or increased permeability of alveolar capillary may play a important role in pulmonary function impairment and bronchial hyperresponsiveness in patients with CRF on HD. But, no studies have been published concerning BDR in patients with CRF on HD. This study was aimed to know the immediate effect of hemodialysis on pulmonary function and BDR in patients with CRF on HD. Methods : This study included 30 patients with CRF on HD. We collected data including age, sex, height, pretibial and pedal pitting edema, interdialysis weight gain, postdialysis weight loss, underlying diseases, duration of HD, $FEV_1$, FVC, $FEV_1/FVC$, and BDR before and after HD. Results : Interdialysis weight gain of the patients was $3.4{\pm}1.0kg$, and postdialysis weight loss was $3.2{\pm}0.7kg$. Before HD,$FEV_1$, FVC, and $FEV_1/FVC$ of the patients were $89{\pm}22%$, $86{\pm}19%$ of predicted, and $87{\pm}10%$. After bronchodilator inhalation, these parameters were changed to $95{\pm}22%$, $90{\pm}19%$ of predicted, and $88{\pm}9%$ respectively. BDR was positive in 15 patients. After HD, $FEV_1$, FVC, and $FEV_1/FVC$ of the patients were $100{\pm}23%$, $94{\pm}18%$ of predicted, and $88{\pm}11%$. After bronchodilator inhalation, these parameters were changed to $102{\pm}23%$, $96{\pm}18%$ of predicted, and $89{\pm}8%$ respectively. BDR was positive in 9 patients. Conclusion : First, HD increases $FEV_1$, FVC, and $FEV_1/FVC$ but little affects BDR. Second, there is no correlation between postdialysis weight loss and increases in $FEV_1$, FVC, and $FEV_1/FVC$ after HD. Third, there is also no correlation not only between interdialysis weight gain and BDR before HD but between postdialysis weight loss and BDR after HD.

Extended indications of Four-Constitution Medicinal formula analyzing composition on Dongeuibogam formula - The case of Bojungyikgi-tang for So-Eum type - ("동의보감(東醫寶鑑)"처방(處方)의 약재 용량 분석을 통한 사상방(四象方) 적응증 확장 연구 - 소음인(少陰人) 보중익기탕(補中益氣湯)을 예(例)로 들어 -)

  • Lee, Byung-Wook;Baek, Jin-Ung
    • Journal of Korean Medical classics
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    • v.26 no.3
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    • pp.99-109
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    • 2013
  • Objective : The purpose of this study is to extend indications of Four-Constitution Medicinal formulas by comparing with formulas on Dongeuibogam(東醫寶鑑), focusing on their composition. Method : 1. We analyzed the composition of Sanghan formulas(傷寒方) and non-classical formulas(後世方) which are mentioned on Donguisusebowon(東醫壽世保元), focusing on their composition. 2. We analyzed the composition of formulas on Dongeuibogam(東醫寶鑑) comparing with Bojungyikgi-tang for So-Eum type. Result & Conclusion: 1. Je-Ma Lee didn't say the Sanghan formulas(傷寒方) and non-classical formulas(後世方) with criterion of composition on his book. 2. We finally selected one formulas(Insamhwanggi-tang) and its effect as similar formulas with Bojungyikgi-tang for So-Eum type.

Effect of Pb Substitution on Phase Development and Dielectric Properties of $SrTeO_3$Ferroelectric Ceramics ($SrTeO_3$강유전 세라믹스의 상형성 및 유전특성에 미치는 Pb 치환 효과)

  • 천채일;김정석;이봉연;김준철;방규석;이형규
    • Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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    • v.38 no.3
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    • pp.251-255
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    • 2001
  • SrTeO$_3$는 312$^{\circ}C$~485$^{\circ}C$의 제한된 온도범위에서 강유전성이 나타난다고 보고된 바 있다. 본 연구에서는 (Sr$_{1-x}$Pb$_{x}$)TeO$_3$(x=0~0.15) 고용체의 상형성 거동, 미세구조, 유전특성 등을 조사하였다. $700^{\circ}C$에서 하소하였을 때 질소 기체 분위기에서는 SrTeO$_3$상이 합성되었지만 공기 중에서는 더욱 산화된 상인 SrTeO$_4$상이 주된 상으로 존재하였다. (Sr$_{1-x}$Pb$_{x}$)TeO$_3$세라믹스에서 Pb 치환량이 0.15 몰까지 증가함에 따라 최적 소결온도가 80$0^{\circ}C$에서 $650^{\circ}C$로 감소하였고, 입자 크기는 증가하였으며, 유전상수가 13에서 25로 증가하였다. 또한, Pb 치환량이 0.05 이상일 때 강유전상이 안정한 온도 영역이 상온까지 확장되었다.

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Multimedia Stream Transmission Scheme using Parallel Server in Wireless and Mobile Environment (무선 모바일 환경에서 병렬서버를 사용한 멀티미디어 스트림 전송기법)

  • Heo, Joo;Jung, Jin-Ha;Woon, Wan-Oh;Shin, Kwang-Sik;Choi, Sang-Bang
    • Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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    • 2003.10c
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    • pp.7-9
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    • 2003
  • 기존의 VOD 서비스는 일반적으로 단일 서버 모델을 사용하여 서비스 되어왔다. 그렇지만 단일 서버 모델의 VOD 서비스는 서버 용량의 확장에 따른 오버헤드가 크며 서버 고장시 VOD 서비스를 실시할 수 없는 문제점이 있다. 따라서 이런 문제점들을 해결하고자 병렬 서버 구조에 기반을 둔 VOD 서비스에 대한 연구가 이루어지고 있다. 기존의 유선 네트워크에서의 병렬 서버 구조에 기반을 둔 스트림 전송에 관한 연구가 일부 진행되어 왔지만 무선 네트워크와 관련해선 그러한 연구가 거의 없으며 있어도 아주 이상적인 경우를 가정하였다. 이동통신의 급속한 발전으로 현재 이동국들은 멀티미디어 서비스를 받을 수 있게 되었으며 앞으로는 이동국들에 제공되는 멀티미디어 서비스 역시 QoS가 보장되어야 한다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 무선 모바일 환경에서 병렬 서버 구조를 사용하여 멀티미디어 스트림을 전송함으로서 기지국외 혼잡 상황에도 이동국에서 QoS를 보장할 수 있는 방법을 제시한다. 시뮬레이션 분석 결과를 보면 기지국의 혼잡 상황에서 병렬 서버 구조에 기반을 두고 멀티미디어 스트림을 전송하게 되면 단일 서버로 멀티미디어 스트림을 전송할 때보다 이동국의 수신 상태가 42% 향상됨을 알 수 있다.

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Self Recovery System With High Availability in Clustered VOD Server (클러스터형 VOD 서버에서 고가용성을 고려한 자체 복구 시스템)

  • Lee, Joa-Hyoung;Seo, Dong-Mahn;Bang, Cheol-Seok;Kim, Byoung-Gil;Park, Chong-Myung;Jung, In-Bum
    • Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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    • 2003.11a
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    • pp.149-152
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    • 2003
  • 최근 VOD 서버 모델로 제안되는 클러스터형 VOD 서버는 확장성과 가용성을 높일 수 있다는 장점이 있지만 서버에 노드수가 증가하면서 서버에 장애가 발생할 가능성이 높아지는 문제점을 가지고 있다. 본 논문에서는 클러스터형 VOD 서버에서 노드 장애 발생시 이를 복구하기 위한 방안으로서 RAID-3, 4의 특성을 취합하고, 이에 파이프라인 개념을 더한 복구 시스템을 제시하고자 한다. 본 복구 시스템은 RAID-4 개념을 도입하여 디스크로의 접근을 큰 사이즈의 블록단위로 함으로써 디스크의 효율성을 증가시키며, 네트웍에는 RAID-3 개념을 적용하여 작은 사이즈의 블록으로 나누어 전송함으로써 네트웍을 효율적으로 사용하고 메모리 부하를 줄일 수 있도록 한다. 또한 파이프라인 개념을 도입하여 복구과정을 여러 노드에서 분담하여 동시에 처리함으로써 CPU, 네트웍, 메모리 등과 같은 자원에 대한 부하가 모든 노드로 분산되도록 한다.

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복사 전자기장에 대한 전자파내성 측정시스템

  • 정연춘
    • The Proceeding of the Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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    • v.5 no.2
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    • pp.67-78
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    • 1994
  • 1996년부터 유럽연합을 중심으로 전자파내성(Electromagnetic immunity; 흔히 군사규격에서는 전자파감응성(electromagnetic susceptibility)이라 함) 규제가 본격적으로 시작될 전망이다. 이러한 전자 파내성 규제는 우리가 과거 '80년대 초에 경험했던 전자파방출(electromagnetic emission; 흔히 electro- magnetic interference 라고도 표현한다) 규제에 비해 규제주파수가 대폭 확장됨(9KHz - 1GHz .rarw. 50/60 Hz - 40 GHz)은 물론, 규제항목도 크게 늘어나기(2개 항목 .rarw. 11개 항목)때문에 본격 규제가 시작되면 우리 산업체에 큰 피해를 초래할 것으로 우려된다. 특히 "복사 전자기장에 대한 전자파내성 요구사항"은 일부 전자파내성 측정항목을 포함하고 있던 안전규 격 등에서도 다루고 있지 않던 것으로서 우리에게는 매우 생소한 항목이다. 이 항목은 과거 미국의 군사 규격등에서 요구했던 항목인데, 앞으로 각국의 상용규격에도 대폭 추가될 것으로 보인다. 이러한 규제는 우리의 생활환경에서 결코 빼놓고 생각할 수 없는, 동시에 가장 큰 전자파장해원인 의도적 복사로서의 방 송신호 및 각종 무선통신 신호에 대해 전기, 전자기기가 전자파내성을 갖고, 성능저하나 오동작을 유발하 지 않아야 함을 요구하는 것이다. 이러한 항목의 평가를 위해서는 대형 시험환경(EMS chamber)과 표준 전자기장 발생장치(signal genera- tors + high power amplifiers), 그리고 오동작 모니터링 장치(monitorring equipments) 등이 필요하기 때 문에 평가시스템 구성에 막대한 비용이 소요된다. 따라서 시스템 구성에 매우 신중을 기해야 하며, 관련 국제표준화규격을 사전에 철저히 이해하여 관련 시험검사를 위한 투자계획을 수립하는 것이 바람직하다. 본 고에서는 복사 전자기장에 대한 대표적인 국제표준화규격을 소개하고, 나아가서 그러한 항목의 평가 시스템의 설계 및 구현에 대해서 설명할 것이다.

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Extended indications of Four-Constitution Medicinal formula analyzing composition on Dongeuibogam formula II (『동의보감(東醫寶鑑)』 처방(處方)의 약재 용량 분석을 통한 사상방(四象方) 적응증 확장 연구 II)

  • Baek, Jin-Ung;Lee, Byung-Wook
    • The Journal of Korean Medical History
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    • v.26 no.2
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    • pp.23-29
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    • 2013
  • Objectives : The purpose of this study is to extend indications of Four-Constitution Medicinal formulas by comparing with formulas on Dongeuibogam(東醫寶鑑), focusing on their composition. Methods : 1. We analyzed the composition of Four-Constitution Medicine formula which are mentioned on Donguisusebowon(東醫壽世保元), focusing on their composition. 2. We analyzed the composition of formulas on Dongeuibogam(東醫寶鑑) comparing with 24 formulas for So-Eum type, 17 formulas for So-Yang type, 24 formulas for Tae-Eum type, 2 formulas for Tae-Yang type. Results & Conclusions : 1. We finally selected 14 formulas and its effect as similar formulas with Bojungyikgi-tang, Insamjinpi-tang, Cheongunggyeji-tang, Palmulgunja-tang, Hwanggigyejibuja-tang, Hwanggigyeji-tang for So-Eum type. 2. We finally selected 4 formulas and its effect as similar formulas with Dokwaljihwang-tang, Sukjihwanggosam-tang for So-Yang type.