• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.10-24
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• 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to determine the dangers of biodiesel and general diesel mixtures currently used as alternative fuels by equipment (tag method and penski Marten method) and to determine the difference between flash point and combustion point (closed, open) according to test methods. It is intended to be used as a reference material for identification and evaluation of firecausing substances by confirming the risk of mixtures by comparative analysis and measurement, and establishing a risk assessment method for chemical substances. Method: Flash point test method and result treatment were tested based on ASTM and KS M mode, which are tag sealing and pen schematense test methods used as flash point and combustion point test methods for crude oil and petroleum products. The manufacturer of the equipment used in this experiment was a test equipment that satisfies the test standards of KS M 2010 with equipment produced by TANAKA of Japan. The flash point and combustion point were measured, and the flash point according to the test method of biodiesel and general diesel mixture ( Closed, open), and the ignition point of a mixture of biodiesel and general diesel was compared and analyzed for ignition risk compared with conventional diesel. Results: Looking at the experimental results, first, as an analysis of the risk of flammability of the mixture, the flash point of a substance containing 70% biodiesel was found to be about 92℃ based on general diesel with a flash point of 64.5℃, and gasoline and biodiesel or When the biodiesel mixture was synthesized, it was confirmed that the flash point tends to decrease. In addition, the difference between the flash point and the combustion point was analyzed as about 20 ~ 30℃, and when a small amount of gasoline or methanol was mixed, the flash point was lowered, but it was confirmed that the combustion point was similar to that of the existing mixture. Conclusion: In this study, in order to secure the effectiveness of the details of the criteria for judging dangerous materials in the existing Dangerous Materials Safety Management Act, and to secure the reliability and reproducibility of the judgment of dangerous materials, we confirm the criteria for judging the risk of the mixture through an experimental study on flammable mixtures. It will be able to provide reference data for experimental criteria for flammable liquids that are regulated in the field. In addition, if this study accumulates know-how on experiment by test method, it is expected that it can be used as a basis for research on risk assessment and research on dangerous goods.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.7-13
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• 2017

As environmental problems become a problem of survival, interest in eco-friendly energy is increasing to improve the environment. So, demand for eco-friendly fuels such as hydrogen, LPG and CNG is increasing. In particular, Korea, which relies on imports of most fuels, is investing in the development of hydrogen energy, which is favorable in terms of high production volume and energy independence. However, As demand grows every year, a variety of accidents occur in various ways, ranging from small leak incidents to massive fires and explosion, thus research needs to be done. So, in this study, compared and analyzed cases of hydrogen, LPG, CNG accidents occurring at domestic and overseas refueling stations. and various programs were used for assessing risk, estimated the flame length due to gas leakage and evaluated the dangerous distance.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.35-44
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• 2021

The PR (Photo Resist) process in the semiconductor process is a process that uses a mixture of flammable substances. Due to the process equipment is installed in a clean room and when flammable substances leak, there is a high risk of suffocation, fire, and explosion. It is necessary to analyze the impact of accidents that may occur during operation and to evaluate whether the safety of workers can be guaranteed. In this study, the value of radiant heat and temperature change at the monitor point set up virtual inside the clean room was confirmed through CFD simulation of 10 leak and fire scenarios using the FLACS CFD - Fire Module. A fire that occurs inside a clean room transfers high radiant heat to the inter-story structure, but its scope is quite limited, and it is unlikely that it will collapse in a single fire accident. There was no scenario in which two stairs leading to the exit were exposed to high radiant heat at the same time due to a fire accident, therefore workers were able to escape in case of a fire. In addition, it was confirmed that the level of radiant heat and temperature rise rapidly decreased as they moved downstairs. According to the API 520 standard, workers exposed to 6.31 kW/m² of radiant heat that workers can withstand for 30 seconds were confirmed that it was possible to sufficiently escape from the inside.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.1447-1452
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• 2010

Ubiquitous society to build basic infrastructure in the power supply and power equipment safety is important. u-City in order to prevent the disaster of u-IT Power Equipment Performance Module and the security for the safety of the u-City is necessary. In this paper, the power unit of u-IT module, temperature sensor, humidity sensor, equipped with sensors arranged throughout the fire, and home distribution boards, Home Network Wall-Pad, Blocker, MPNP black boxes, arc detection, arc safety equipment, outlet of the modular performance evaluation methods and security methods will be studied. u-IT power devices and sensors to analyze the information conveyed by proactive risk and ensure safety, access control, authentication, security safeguards, such as u-IT integrated management system for electrical safety and strengthen the security, safety and security with a u-City will contribute to the construction and operation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2010.05a
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• pp.307-310
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• 2010

Ubiquitous society to build basic infrastructure in the power supply and power equipment safety is important. U-City in order to prevent the disaster of U-IT Power Equipment Performance Module and the security for the safety of the U-City is necessary. In this paper, the power unit of U-IT module, temperature sensor, humidity sensor, equipped with sensors arranged throughout the fire, and home distribution boards, Home Network Wall-Pad, Blocker, MPNP black boxes, arc detection, arc safety equipment, outlet of the modular performance evaluation and security measures will be studied. U-IT power devices and sensors to analyze the information conveyed by proactive risk and ensure safety, access control, authentication, security safeguards, such as U-IT integrated management system for electrical safety and strengthen the security, safety and security with a U-City will contribute to the construction and operation.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.22-28
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• 2012

For a methanol separation column of the BPA (Bisphenol A) plant, HAZOP (hazard and operability) assessment was performed and damage ranges were predicted from the accident scenarios for the fire and the explosion. As a result, the damage range of the jet fire was 20 m in the case of rupture of the discharge pipe (50 mm diameter) of safety valve, and that of the flash fire was 267 m in the case of catastrophic rupture. Also, the damage ranges of the unconfined vapor cloud explosion (UVCE) for the rupture of the discharge pipe and for the catastrophic rupture were 22 m and 542 m, respectively. For the worst case of release scenarios, safety measures were suggested as follows: the pressure instruments, which can detect abnormal rise of the internal pressure in the methanol separation column, should be installed by the 2 out of 3 voting method in the top section of the column. Through the detection, the instruments should simultaneously shut down the control and the emergency shut-off valves.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.9-20
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• 2010

This study indicates direction on establishment of the operational plan for disaster mitigation and its implementation for maintaining business continuity of the local company of the first step, and seeks plans for maintaining their continuity through the establishment of early counter system constructed for achieving lasting safe at the any disaster. For achieving it, we investigated the standard of disaster management selected by the government called "Incident Preparedness and Operational Continuity Plan" Guideline, and investigated a guideline to be easily applied to domestic companies. And, we also studied on how to build the operational plan of disaster mitigation and apply IT techniques to A corporation. Especially, this study indicates the models of establishment of risk assessment, impact analysis, prevention and mitigation plan, response management plan for the establishment of plan among 5 main steps on "Incident Preparedness and Operational Continuity Management" Guideline. We devised the plan to activate the disaster mitigation activity throughout the country. It shows the skills to be prepared to upgrade the level of disaster response in this study.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.35-42
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• 2003

In this study, we tried to evaluate the ignitibility, flammability, heat release rate, and toxicity of five different types of burning artificial leather sofa covers that are widely used in entertainment service industry buildings. As the results of this study, putting the artificial leathers under fire conditions we found out following results auto-ignition temperature was$ 427~437^{\circ}C$, limiting oxygen index was 19~20%; at heat flux of $25 kW\m^2$, ignition time was 10~16s and peak heat release rate was $147~277 kW\m^2$; and at heat flux of$ 35 kW\m^2$, ignition time was 6~9s and peak heat release rate was $176~296 kW\m^2$. The toxic materials discharged from the burning leathers were 5,550~6,290 ppm of CO, 18,500~23,400 ppm of $CO_2$, 110~140 ppm, of HCl, 13~65 ppm of HCN and 145~220 ppm of NOx.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.11 no.7
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• pp.84-90
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• 2021

98.8% of accidents occurring in domestic companies are concentrated in small-sized workplaces with fewer than 50 employees. Therefore, this study developed a disaster safety program that can be implemented by small and medium-sized enterprises by comparing and analyzing the safety management system actively used with the laws and regulations related to industrial safety and facilities. The disaster and safety program included the scope of application, organizational structure, risk assessment, emergency response system, education and training, safety equipment provision and program evaluation, and detailed preparation methods and procedures for each item. In addition, items to be aware of when operating a disaster safety program and operational strategies were presented. After that, it was proposed to introduce the research results into the Occupational Safety and Health Act.

• Clean Technology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.140-146
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• 2019

Flammable substances, such as organic solvents, are commonly used in laboratories and industrial processes. The flash point of flammable liquid mixtures is a very important parameter for characterizing the ignition and explosion hazards, and the flash points of mixtures of $C_2{\sim}C_3$ alcohols and 2,2,4-trimethylpentane were measured in the present study. The 2,2,4-trimethylpentane is an important component of gasoline and is frequently used in the petroleum industry as a solvent. Lower flash point data were measured for the binary systems {ethanol + 2,2,4-trimethylpentane}, {1-propanol + 2,2,4-trimethylpentane}, and {2-propanol + 2,2,4-trimethylpentane}. The flash point measurements were carried out according to the standard test method (ASTM D3278) using a Stanhope-Seta closed cup flash point tester. The measured flash points were compared with the predicted values calculated using Raoult's law and also following $G^E$ models: Wilson, Non-Random Two Liquid (NRTL) and UNIversal QUAsiChemical (UNIQUAC). These models were able to predict the experimental flash points for different compositions of {$C_2{\sim}C_3$ alcohols + 2,2,4-trimethylpentane} mixtures with minimal deviations. The average absolute deviation between the predicted and measured lower flash point was less than 1.28 K. A minimum flash point behaviour was observed in all of the systems as in the many observed cases for the hydrocarbon and alcohol mixtures.