• 월간 기계설비
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• s.122
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• pp.86-91
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• 2000

산업재해예방은 사고로 인해 발생되는 인적손실과 물적손실을 방지할 뿐만 아니라 기계$\cdot$설비의 운전중지에 따른 감소를 방지하게 한다. 산업재해로 인한 경제손실액은 1998년도 한해만 7조2천5백억원으로 100억짜리 공장을 725개를 세울 수 있는 엄청난 금액이고 국민 총생산액의 1.9$\%$에 해당한다. 특히 건설업의 재해율은 1995년도에는 전국 평균 재해율을 상회하였으나, 매년 꾸준히 감소 추세를 보여 1999년도에는 0.6$\%$로 전체 0.71$\%$보다 낮게 나타났다. 1999년 건설업의 총 재해지수는 1만955명으로 발생형태별로 분류한 결과 주요 재해발생요인은 추락 3천145명(28.7$\%$), 전도 1천832명(16.7$\%$), 협착 1천461명(13.3$\%$), 낙하$\cdot$비례 1천305명(11.9$\%$), 충돌 866명(7.90$\%$), 감전 281명(2.56$\%$, 화재$\cdot$폭발 152명(1.39$\%$), 기타 1천913명(17.5$\%$)으로 나타났다. 본고는 설비공사와 관련 그동안 발생된 중대재해사례를 게재한 것이다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.78-84
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• 2020

The F&EI technique is one of the risk assessments with many advantages. It can save time and effort compared to quantitative risk assessment (QRA). By using the evaluation result of this technique, it is possible to check the effectiveness of the investment cost. In addition, a relative risk ranking can be created and used to establish the facility management cycle and to prioritize investment. However, evaluating the target process can be evaluated more than the actual risk since the LCCF, a loss prevention measure, is too limited. In addition, calculating premiums via this method can result in excessive premiums, making it difficult to evaluate the risk precisely. Therefore, new safety guard was added to the LCCF of the F&EI risk assessment with reference to HAZOP and LOPA techniques. Newly added LCCFs are Deflagration arrester, Check valve, SIS, and Vacuum beaker, etc. As a case study, F&EI risk assessment was performed on Acetone storage tank of a API (Active pharmaceutical ingredient) plant to compare actual MPPD. The estimated loss amount was 592,558$ for the existing technique and 563,571$ for the improved technique, which was reduced by about 5% compared to the previous one.This proved that a more precise evaluation is possible and that the efforts for safety at the workplace are reflected in the evaluation results.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.11-19
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• 1999

The flash point is generally used as a hazardous index of fire and explosion of a flammable liquid. A classification of the flash points is important for the safe handling of flammable liquids such as solvent mixtures. The flash points of pure substances and solvent mixtures can be c calculated with the appropriate use of the fundamental laws of Raoult, Dalton, Le Chatelier and a activity coefficient models. In this study, experimentally determined lower and upper flash points w were compared with the calculated values by using Raoult's law and van Laar equation. The flash points of pure substances were in agreement with the calculated values by vapor pressure and e explosive limits. Also, the lower flash points of M.E.K(methylethylketone)-toluene system were i in agreement with the predicted values by Raoult’s law, and the upper flash points were in a agreement with the predicted values by van Laar equation. By means of this methodology, it is possible to evaluate reliability of expermental data of the flash points of the flammable mixtures.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.5 no.2 s.14
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• pp.9-13
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• 2001

A complete spectrum of risk assessment including qualitative and quantitative approaches were performed for the POSCO's Batch Annealing Furnace (BAF) gas systems. The purpose of BAF is to enhance the quality of steel by annealing it with either hydrogen/nitrogen mixture gas or pure hydrogen gas. Number of gas leak scenarios were identified to generate frequency of their occurrences. With the hypothetical accident scenarios given, fire/explosion impact studies were performed to estimate magnitude of significant consequences. Several different indices were also presented from which practical safety improvement action items could be established.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.46-51
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• 2017

This paper presents classification of domestic fire detector using response time index. Response time is measured using fire detector distributed in Korea, and the response time index is estimated. Plunge test prescribed by FM is conducted to measure response time of fire detector. The detector used to test is fixed temperature type(thermistor and bimetal type) and rate of rise temperature type(thermistor and pneumatic type). The nominal operation temperature of fixed temperature type detector is $70^{\circ}C$ and rate of rise temperature is $15^{\circ}C/min$. The fixed temperature type is measured 7 products, and the rate of rise temperature type is measured 5 products. The results show that in case of fixed temperature type(thermistor) is classified "Quick" or "Standard" and fixed temperature type(bimetal) is not classified. The rate of rise temperature type(thermistor) is classified "Fast" or "Ultra Fast" and the rate of rise temperature type(pneumatic) is classified "Very Fast" or "Ultra Fast". The pneumatic type shows more fast response than thermistor type. Also these results indicate the fixed temperature type(bimetal) is not suitable for early stage fire detection.

• Journal of Korean Society of Disaster and Security
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.7-19
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• 2017

Recently, the incidence of disasters and safety incidents is increasing rapidly, and the interest and demands of the people are increasing. In particular, traffic accidents in Korea are decreasing due to the continuous efforts of the government and the local governments, but still higher than the OECD average. In response to such demands of the times, the 'Regional Safety Index', a numerical value that quantifies the level of safety of each local government, is being publicized every year to awaken public awareness. The Regional Safety Index covers seven categories of accidents (traffic accidents, crimes, suicide, infectious diseases, fire, safety accidents, and natural disasters) in local governments. But, this study focuses on the traffic accident area and analyzed. The target local government is Ulju county of Ulsan Metropolitan City. Based on the traffic accident statistical data of Ulju county, the analysis of the traffic accidents and vulnerable points were analyzed. Among them, 3 key improvement districts were selected and 15 vulnerable branches were selected for each key improvement district. Next, we prepared measures for improvement of each accident vulnerable site through analysis of geographic information through traffic data related to traffic accidents and interview with related organizations. In addition, the improvement measures are divided into the structural infrastructure improvement, the institutional improvement, and the traffic safety culture movement from the viewpoint of traffic accident prevention. Finally, the implications of this study are to clarify the duties and roles of the relevant departments in the municipality, based on the implementation schedule of the improvement projects for the prevention of traffic accidents and the budget plan. In addition, it is very important that the participating agencies involved in traffic accidents and the private sector participate in the project.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.16-27
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• 2019

A burning test was conducted on the smoke and combustion gases generated from cypress wood treated with sodium silicate, 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane sol, 3-(2-aminoethylamino)propylmethyldimethoxysilane sol, and 3-(2-aminoethylamino) propyltrimethoxysilane sol. The silicone compound sol was applied to each of the cypress wood specimens three times with a brush. The smoke and combustion generation gas were analyzed using a cone calorimeter (ISO 5660-1) and the smoke was also evaluated by applying new smoke risk assessment method. The smoke performance index (SPI) of the cypress treated with silicone compound increased 1.66 to 8.42 times and the smoke growth index (SGI) was 11.8 to 88.2%, respectively. The smoke intensity (SI) is expected to be 1.0~50.5% lower than that of the base specimens, resulting in lower smoke and fire hazards. The third maximum carbon monoxide (CO_peak) concentration of the specimens treated with silicone compounds was 22.5~33.3% lower than that of the base specimens. On the other hand, it produced potentially fatal toxicity that was 1.48~1.72 times higher than the US Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) acceptance standard (PEL). Cypress wood itself produced a high carbon monoxide concentration, but the silicon compound played a role in reducing this level.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.373-380
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• 2022

In this study, Chung's equations 1, 2, and 3 were extended to standardize smoke safety rating evaluation in case of fire, and Chung's equations-V, smoke performance index-V, and smoke growth index-V were calculated. Five types of wood were selected and their smoke indices were measured using the cone calorimeter method according to ISO 5660-1. The smoke risk was graded by the smoke risk index-VI according to Chung's equation-VI. Smoke risk index-VI increased in the order of PMMA (1) ≈ maple (1.01) < ash (1.57) < needle fir (4.98) < paulownia (46.15) < western red cedar (106.26). It was predicted that maple and ash had the lowest smoke risk, and paulownia and western red cedar had the highest. The five samples' CO mean production rate (COP_mean) was 0.0009~0.0024 g/s, indicating that these woods were incompletely burned than the polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) reference material. Regarding the smoke properties of the chosen woods, the smoke performance index-V (SPI-V) increased as the bulk density increased, and the smoke risk index-VI (SRI-VI) decreased.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.57-68
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• 2009

Recently, damage scale of human-induced disaster is sharply increased but its occurrences and damages are so uncertain that it is hard to construct a resonable response & mitigation plan for infrastructures. Therefore, the needs for a advanced risk management technique based on a probabilistic and stochastic risk evaluation theory is increased. In this study, these evaluation methods were investigated and a advanced disaster risk evaluation method, which is based on the probabilistic or stochastic risk assessment theory and also is a quantitative evaluation technique, was suggested. With this method, the safety changes as the result of fire damage management for recent 40 years was analyzed. And the result was compared with that of Japan. Through the consilience of the traditional risk assessment method and this method, a stochastical estimation technique for the uncertainty of future disaster's damage could support a cost-effective information for a resonable decision making on disaster mitigation.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2021.06a
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• pp.479-479
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• 2021

최근 기상이변으로 인한 자연재해 발생이 증가하고 있고, 그에 따라 도시의 재난 대응력 강화가 국내에서는 물론 국제적으로도 중요한 이슈가 되고 있다. 특히 쇠퇴지역은 재난재해 발생 시 인적·물적 피해가 일반 지역 보다 상대적으로 크며, 복구에도 많은 시간과 예산이 소요되므로 대응책 마련을 위한 도시재생지역의 정밀한 재난재해의 위험성 분석 기술이 필요하다. 이에 본 연구에서는 도시재생사업 대상지(311개)에 대한 재난재해 유형별 위험성 및 회복성을 종합적으로 분석하는 종합진단 기법을 개발하고, 이를 적용한 프로토타입 시스템을 개발하였다. 재난재해의 범위는 「재난 및 안전관리 기본법」을 준용하여 이에 도시재생사업 시행에 영향을 받아 재난재해 발생에 따른 위험정도가 변화할 가능성이 높은 자연재해 (폭우, 폭염, 폭설, 강풍, 지진)5종과 사회재난 (화재, 붕괴, 폭발) 3종 총 8종으로 정의하였다. 종합진단 기법은 기후변화에 관한 정부간 협의체(IPCC) 위험도 평가 방법을 준용하여 위험요소 (위해성·취약성·노출성)와 대비·대응요소 (회복성)로 구분하고, 전문가 자문회의를 거쳐 재난재해에 특히 취약한 쇠퇴지역의 특성을 반영할 수 있는 종합진단지수 산정식을 개발하였다. 또한 쇠퇴지역 재난재해 종합진단 시스템은 도시재생 업무를 수행하는 사용자가 신속히 정보를 분석하고 활용에 용이하도록 Web-GIS 기반으로 설계하였으며, 종합진단 기법에 의해 산정된 분석결과를 100m × 100m 격자 단위의 등급으로 가시화한다. 분석 결과는 지속적인 연구 개발을 통해 최적의 도시재생사업 의사결정 지원 서비스를 위한 기초 분석 자료로 연계하여 활용되며, 분석 DB는 클라우드 서비스 기반의 도시재생 데이터 플랫폼을 통해 공유된다.