• Title/Summary/Keyword: 화장장 자료

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Examination on Data for the Estimation of Infant Mortality Level (영아사망수준 추정 자료에 대한 고찰)

  • 박경애
    • Korea journal of population studies
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    • v.24 no.1
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    • pp.67-90
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    • 2001
  • Korea National Statistical Office(KNSO) estimated period birth rates, period death rates, and probability of dying for infant(q$q_{0}$) at period life table, considering the unregistered infant deaths. As Ministry of Health and Welfare(MHW) conducted 1993 and 1996 birth cohort infant death surveys. KNSO re-estimated infant mortality levels(especially q$q_{0}$). For the re-estimation, reference data were derived from death registration. MHW surveys, death registration of developed countries. Model Life Tables, and Life Table for Japan. Seventeen simulations were made by the combination of estimation methods and reference data. The final $q_{0}$ was estimated based on the relationship between $q_{0}$ of MHW 1993 survey and $q_{1-4}$ of registered deaths for the period of 1971~1997. For 1993, $q_{0}$ was calculated directly from the 1993 MHW survey and interpolation and extrapolation were made for 1995 and 1997 using the relative decrease rates of $q_{0}$ between 1993 and 1996 MHW surveys. Utilizing the formular of Coale-Demeny North Model, $q_{0}$ was transformed into $m_{0}$ for the period 1971~1997. Finally, cremation data are found to be very useful for the estimation of 1998 infant mortality level by supplementing unregistered infant deaths, especially neonatal deaths. Furthermore, they are found to be very useful to produce fetal and perinatal death statistics.

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A Analysis on Preference of Funeral Type by Socioeconomic Characteristics using Nested Logit Model (네스티드로짓모형을 활용한 사회경제적 특성에 따른 장사유형 선호 분석)

  • Joo, Ho Sang;Choi, Yeol
    • KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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    • v.39 no.6
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    • pp.933-943
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    • 2019
  • The purpose of this study is to identify determinants for preferred funeral methods depending on socio-economic characteristics. In South Korea, the Act on Funeral Services, Etc. categorizes funeral methods into burial, inurnment, and natural burial. This study empirically analyzes how and what socio-economic characteristics affect choices among these three categories. Data is collected from Social Survey 2017 and funeral facilities in the country. The data to be analyzed is developed in terms of a hierarchy which puts the burial and cremation methods in an upper class and the inurnment and natural burial methods in a lower class. Based on this data, a nested logit model is employed to conduct empirical analysis. The analysis indicates that those characteristics that have a statistically significant influence on preferred methods include gender, age, householder, marriage, satisfaction with life, class awareness, monthly income, housing type, housing tenure type, and living in city area. Each variable's modulus of calculated direct and cross elasticity need to be used to analyze the outcome of a nested logit model. In this study, the modulus of direct and cross elasticity are determined for the significant variables. The calculated direct elasticity is applied to analyze the likelihood of choosing each funeral method when there are changes in the significant variables. When a particular method has been selected, on the other hand, the cross elasticity is utilized to analyze changes to the likelihood of choosing the other methods. One of the most notable results is related to natural burial. In order to meet the demand for natural burial, it is necessary to provide more burial sites and raise awareness of natural burial. This will facilitate the efficient use of national territorial space.

Realtime Air Dispersion Modeling System (실시간 대기 확산 모델링 시스템)

  • 최종근;남궁경;박성순;박광일;김성태;구윤서
    • Proceedings of the Korea Multimedia Society Conference
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    • 2001.06a
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    • pp.537-540
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    • 2001
  • 21세기에 접어들어 점점 환경분야에 사람들의 관심이 날로 증가되고 있다. 사람들의 환경에 대한 관심의 증가로 소각장, 발전소, 화장터 등의 사업장을 새로 만들려고 하면 주변 지역주민들과 시민단체들의 강력한 반대에 부딪치는 것이 현실이다. 이와 같은 현실에 본 프로그램은 실시간으로 대출원 주변의 오염농도를 분석하고, 그들과를 사업장 조업에 반영시킴으로서 배출원의 조업조건과 방지시설 운영조건을 최적화하여 환경 친화적으로 사업장물 운영할 수 있도록 한다. 그러므로 대기오염 관련 민원 해소에 크게 기여할 수 있다. 또한 국내에는 아직 이와 칼은 프로그램이 없기 때문에 외국기술의 수입대체 효과 및 해외 시장에 수출효과를 가져올 수 있다. 본 논문의 시스템은 기존에 사람이 직접 자료를 입력하여 수행하는 프로그램과 달리 측정기로 대기를 측정, 실시간으로 자료를 전송하러 작동되는 것에 중점을 두고 C++언어로 시스템을 구축하였다.

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Estimation of Geochemical Evolution Path of Groundwaters from Crystalline Rock by Reaction Path Modeling (반응경로 모델링을 이용한 결정질암 지하수의 지구화학적 진화경로 예측)

  • 성규열;박명언;고용권;김천수
    • Economic and Environmental Geology
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    • v.35 no.1
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    • pp.13-23
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    • 2002
  • The chemical compositions of groundwaters from the granite areas mainly belong to Ca-HC0$_{3}$ and Na-HC0$_{3}$type, and some of these belong to Ca-(CI+S0$_{4}$) and Na-(CI+S0$_{4}$) type. Spring waters and groundwaters from anorthosite areas belong to Ca-HC03 and Na-HC03 type, respectively. The result of reaction path modeling shows that the chemical compositions of aqueous solution reacted with granite evolve from initial Ca-CI type, via CaHC0$_{3}$ type, to Na-HC0$_{3}$ type. The result of rain water-anorthosite interaction is similar to evolution path of granite reaction and both of these results agree well with the field data. In the reaction path modeling of rain watergranite/anorthosite reaction, as a reaction is progressing, the activity of hydrogen ion decreases (pH increases). The concentrations of cations are controlled by the dissolution of rock-forming minerals and precipitation and re-dissolution of secondary minerals according to the pH. The continuous addition of granite causes the formation of secondary minerals in the following sequence; gibbsite plus hematite, Mn-oxide, kaolinite, silica, chlorite, muscovite (a proxy for illite here), calcite, laumontite, prehnite, and finally analcime. In the anorthosite reaction, the order of precipitation of secondary minerals is the same as with granite reaction except that there is no silica precipitation and paragonite precipitates instead of analcime. The silica and kaolinite are predominant minerals in the granite and anorthosite reactions, respectively. Total quantities of secondary minerals in the anorthosite reaction are more abundant than those in the granite reaction.

Characteristic features of Dolmens without Burial Chamber Identifiable through those found in Amchi-ri, Gochang-gun (고적 암치리 지석묘를 통해 본 무묘실 지석묘의 성격)

  • Kim Sun-gi
    • KOMUNHWA
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    • no.56
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    • pp.29-58
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    • 2000
  • A lot of dolmens without burial chamber have been brought to the light around Honam (southwestern provinces of Korea) area. Even though they are commonly classified as dolmens of surrounding stone type(圍石式), it seems necessary to put under the category of

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Studies on Properties and Qualities of Common Hardwoods in Korea (유용(有用) 활엽수재의(闊葉樹材) 재질(材質)에 관(關)한 시험(試驗))

  • Jung, Hee-Suk;Park, Hi-Yang;Jo, Jae-Myeong;Shim, Chong-Supp
    • Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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    • v.10 no.3
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    • pp.52-67
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    • 1982
  • We have relatively heavy stocks of hardwood which consist of inferior and nonproductive natural hardwood species in Korea. As conception above to develope these forest resources, the study was carried out to obtain the basical data for the reasonable and efficient utilization of hardwoods. The sample trees were selected 11 natural hardwood species grown in Kangwon-do region and Kwangnoong Experimental Forest. We have investigated anatomical, physical and mechanical properties of them. Especially, Quercus species which is a major species in the forests was investigated on qualities of trees, logs and lumbers, recevery of bucking and lumber yield, etc.

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Dedicatory Inscriptions on the Amitabha Buddha and Maitreya Bodhisattva Sculptures of Gamsansa Temple (감산사(甘山寺) 아미타불상(阿彌陁佛像)과 미륵보살상(彌勒菩薩像) 조상기(造像記)의 연구)

  • Nam, Dongsin
    • MISULJARYO - National Museum of Korea Art Journal
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    • v.98
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    • pp.22-53
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    • 2020
  • This paper analyzes the contents, characteristics, and historical significance of the dedicatory inscriptions (josanggi) on the Amitabha Buddha and the Maitreya Bodhisattva statues of Gamsansa Temple, two masterpieces of Buddhist sculpture from the Unified Silla period. In the first section, I summarize research results from the past century (divided into four periods), before presenting a new perspective and methodology that questions the pre-existing notion that the Maitreya Bodhisattva has a higher rank than the Amitabha Buddha. In the second section, through my own analysis of the dedicatory inscriptions, arrangement, and overall appearance of the two images, I assert that the Amitabha Buddha sculpture actually held a higher rank and greater significance than the Maitreya Bodhisattva sculpture. In the third section, for the first time, I provide a new interpretation of two previously undeciphered characters from the inscriptions. In addition, by comparing the sentence structures from the respective inscriptions and revising the current understanding of the author (chanja) and calligrapher (seoja), I elucidate the possible meaning of some ambiguous phrases. Finally, in the fourth section, I reexamine the content of both inscriptions, differentiating between the parts relating to the patron (josangju), the dedication (josang), and the prayers of the patrons or donors (balwon). In particular, I argue that the phrase "for my deceased parents" is not merely a general axiom, but a specific reference. To summarize, the dedicatory inscriptions can be interpreted as follows: when Kim Jiseong's parents died, they were cremated and he scattered most of their remains by the East Sea. But years later, he regretted having no physical memorial of them to which to pay his respects. Thus, in his later years, he donated his estate on Gamsan as alms and led the construction of Gamsansa Temple. He then commissioned the production of the two stone sculptures of Amitabha Buddha and Maitreya Bodhisattva for the temple, asking that they be sculpted realistically to reflect the actual appearance of his parents. Finally, he enshrined the remains of his parents in the sculptures through the hole in the back of the head (jeonghyeol). The Maitreya Bodhisattva is a standing image with a nirmanakaya, or "transformation Buddha," on the crown. As various art historians have pointed out, this iconography is virtually unprecedented among Maitreya images in East Asian Buddhist sculpture, leading some to speculate that the standing image is actually the Avalokitesvara. However, anyone who reads the dedicatory inscription can have no doubt that this image is in fact the Maitreya. To ensure that the sculpture properly embodied his mother (who wished to be reborn in Tushita Heaven with Maitreya Bodhisattva), Kim Jiseong combined the iconography of the Maitreya and Avalokitesvara (the reincarnation of compassion). Hence, Kim Jiseong's deep love for his mother motivated him to modify the conventional iconography of the Maitreya and Avalokitesvara. A similar sentiment can be found in the sculpture of Amitabha Buddha. To this day, any visitor to the temple who first looks at the sculptures from the front before reading the text on the back will be deeply touched by the filial love of Kim Jiseong, who truly cherished the memory of his parents.