• KSBB Journal
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.414-420
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• 2014

The seaweeds with high carbohydrate ratio Gelidium amansii, Saccharina japonica and Enteromorpha intestinalis were used as red, brown, and green seaweeds, respectively. Thermal acid hydrolysis, enzymatic saccharification and fermentation were carried out using those seaweeds to produce ethanol. The ethanol concentrations from red, brown and green seaweed were 14.8 g/L, 11.6 g/L and 9.9 g/L, respectively. After the production of ethanol, the seaweeds were reused to absorb heavy metal. The maximum biosorption ratio was Cu(II) (89.6%), Cr(III) (82.9%), Ni(II) (66.1%). Cu(II) had the highest affinity with 3 waste seaweeds. Red seaweed was verified the most effective substrates to both process.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.99-104
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• 2009

The species composition and seasonal patterns in marine benthic algal community at intertidal zone in Jinhae Bay were investigated seasonally throughout 2007. A total of 45 species, 6 Chlorophyta, 10 Phaeophyta, and 29 Rhodophyta, were recorded, and dominant species were Ulva pertusa, U. conglobata, Sargassum horneri, Gelidium divaricatum, Gracilaria textorii, and Polysiphonia morrowii during study periods. The number of species were differed with seasons and stations; Higher number of algal species was 42 species in winter, whereas 33 species was lower in summer. The number of algal species were higher at station 1,7,8, while the lower value was at station 2, 3 than other stations. The differences of marine benthic algal composition at each station in MDS ordination due to the physical characteristics and local topography.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.53-64
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• 2010

Purpose: This study was performed to observe the correlation between Hot flush and pulse wave velocity(PWV), ankle brachial index(ABI) in the Climacteric women. Methods: We studied 63 climacteric women visiting OO hospital from 8th January 2007 to 22nd April 2009. The subjects were categorized in two groups, the hot flush group(37) and normal group(26). For the study, the subjects were selected by excluding the patients who receive treatment affect hot flush or have disease affect arterial states. We assessed PWV and ABI of two groups by Oscillometric method using VS-1000(Form PWV/ABI; Fukuda Denshi, Co., Ltd., Japan). From these results, we studied the correlation between hot flush and PWV/ABI by Wilcoxon Mann Whitney Test. Results: 1. It is shown that hot flush group was no significant correlation with normal group. There is no significant factor among R-PWV, L-PWV, R-ABI, L-ABI. However, L-ABI have shown relatively higher correlation with comparison to the other factors.(p-value<0.05) 2. R-PWV, L-PWV significantly increased in menopause group than in premenopause group though there is no relation to the hot flush. (p-value<0.01) Conclusion: Though the results showed no correlations between Hot flush and PWV/ABI in the Climacteric women, L-ABI showed relatively higher correlation with hot flush than others. R-PWV, L-PWV showed significant correlation between premenopause and menopause.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.691-697
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• 2016

Methods: A stroke patient with hot flashes was treated for 4 weeks with acupuncture, herbal acupuncture, and herbal medicine. We then evaluated the frequency, intensity, and score (frequency×intensity) of the hot flashes, as well as the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), which shows subjective sleep quality. Results: After 4 weeks of traditional Korean medicine (TKM) treatment, the patient showed reductions in the frequency of hot flashes from a score of 7 to 4, the intensity of hot flashes from a score of 4 to 2, the scoring (frequency×intensity) of hot flashes from 28 to 4, and the PSQI from 13 to 4. Conclusions: This study validated the effect of TKM as a treatment for hot flashes in patients with stroke.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.463-470
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• 2016

Construction companies calculate their revenues and costs from constructing activities using the 'Percentage of Completion Method', which is based on ratio of actual construction cost to total costs estimated. The reliability of the net profit of construction companies is being evaluated lower than other industries due to incorrect application of 'Percentage of Completion Method' to cover losses actually occurred. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to verify the quality of earnings calculated based on 'Percentage of Completion Method' in terms of information usefulness. Results from empirical analysis show that investors in stock market underestimate the value of the construction companies' earning information by applying 'Percentage of Completion Method' and not actively use in investment decision making. Accordingly, it has been confirmed that the association between income information and stock prices falling. These results suggest the need for strict supervision of the supervisory authorities and the practical application of 'Percentage of Completion Method' in reliability.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.58 no.2
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• pp.293-300
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• 2020

Eucheuma spinosum, red macro-algae, contains carrageenan as the major polysaccharide and is commercially produced in Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, China and Tanzania. In this study, E. spinosum was converted to sugar and platform chemicals (5-HMF, levulinic acid, formic acid) via FeCl₃-catalytic hydrothermal reaction. In addition, statistical methodology (3-level 3-factor Box-Behnken design) was applied to optimize and evaluate the effects of reaction factors (reaction temperature, catalyst concentration and reaction time). As a result of optimization, the concentration of 5-HMF was obtained to be 2.96 g/L at 160 ℃, 0.4 M FeCl₃ and 10 min. Optimal conditions of levulinic and formic acids were determined at 200 ℃, 0.6 M FeCl₃ and 30 min, and the concentrations were obtained to be 4.26 g/L and 3.77 g/L, respectively.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.8-16
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• 2013

An agar-hydrolyzing marine bacterium, strain GNUM08120, was isolated from Sargassum fulvellum collected from Yeongil bay of East Sea of Korea. The isolate was Gram-negative, aerobic, motile with single polar flagellum, and grew at 1-10% NaCl, pH 5.0-8.0, and $15-37^{\circ}C$. G+C content and the predominant respiratory quinone were 46.13 mol% and Q-8, respectively. The major cellular fatty acids were Summed feature 3 (24.5%), $C_{16:0}$ (21.7%), and $C_{18:1}{\omega}7c$ (12.5%). Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity and DNA-DNA hybridization analyses, strain GNUM08120 was identified as a novel subspecies of Alteromonas macleodii, designated Alteromonas macleodii subsp. GNUM08120. Production of agarase by strain GNUM08120 was likely repressed by the effect of carbon catabolite repression caused by glucose. The crude agarase prepared from 12-h culture broth of strain GNUM08120 exhibited an optimum pH and temperature for agarase activity at 7.0 and $40^{\circ}C$, respectively. The crude enzyme produced (neo)agarobiose, (neo)agarotetraose, and (neo)agarohexaose as the hydrolyzed product of agarose.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.523-529
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• 2015

The purpose of this case-series study is to report the effect of Seungmahwangryeontang-gami and facial venesection on Hot flush patients. For this report, two of patients had taken Seungmahwangryeontang-gami for 45 days and the other patient had taken eungmahwangryeontang-gami for 60 days. Also, one of the patients had taken twice facial venesection, and the other two patients had done it three times during the treatment. During this period, we tried to find out that there were objective change and subjective change in reduction of hot flush. We were going to ascertain the subjective change through the change of VAS score. In case of objective change, we used the change of the color which were taken by the Derma Vision. The result of the treatment, each patients' VAS score reduced from 73 to 41, 67 to 44, and 71 to 51. Based on the Derma vision's facial color change, the score of Red and Dark Red, which mean Hot flush, were reduced. On the other hand, that of Blue and Dark Blue were increased. According to the results, we had obtained positive clinic effects from Seungmahwangryeontang-gami and facial venesection on Hot flush patients respectively. Although this report is based on few patients' treatments on hot flush with Seungmahwangryeontang-gami and facial venesection, we can use this result in a good way. However, the limitation of this report is that we can't generalize the following result because of the lack of the cases and we can't present a conclusive evidence which can prove the validity of the Hot flush from the case-series study.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.164-170
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• 1988

Neurolysis of the celiac plexus is performed to relieve intractable pain caused by carcinoma of the stomach, liver and pancreas, and upper abdominal metastasis of tumors having more distant origins. It is also occasionally effective in controlling the pain of chronic pancreatitis. Alcohol celiac plexus blocks were done in 22 patients of whom 18 had intractable upper abdominal pain from cancer and 4 had pain from chronic pancreatitis. In most cases, an initial diagnostic block with 0.2 percent bupivacaine was followed by the therapeuntic block performed by injecting 50ml of 60 percent ethyl alcohol. Good to excellent pain relief occurred in 86 percent of patients. Duration of pain relief was from 4 months to 7 months in 55 percent of patients. Complications and side effects were infrequently seen but did include a 16 percent decrease of mean systolic arterial pressure and 16 cases of facial flushing. This block is remarkably safe as well as effective for the relief of upper abdominal pain from cancer origin.

• Journal of Marine Bioscience and Biotechnology
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• v.1 no.4
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• pp.252-259
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• 2006

Extracts which were prepared by four different extractions - 80% methanol extracts (ME) at high ($70^{\circ}C$) and a room temperature ($20^{\circ}C$), respectively and aqueous extracts (AE) at both temperatures with the residue after the methanol extracts - of 10 green, 19 brown and 25 red seaweeds collected in Jeju Island coast were examined for their DPPH free radical scavenging activity using a ESR (electron spin resonance) spectroscopy. A variety of the extracts showed positive scavenging effect against DPPH free radical (except the green seaweeds). Among the extracts, the brown seaweed extracts exhibited the highest scavenging activity. Especially, Sargassum spp. of the brown seaweeds have remarkable scavenging activities - both methanolic and aqueous at the both temperatures ($20^{\circ}C$ and $70^{\circ}C$). On the other hand, ME showed better scavenging activity than AE in the red seaweed extracts. These results indicate that autogenous seaweeds in Jeju will be potential natural antioxidants for functional food compounds.