• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.33-45
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• 2007

Background : Hot flushes are general postmenopausal symptoms which about 75% of climacteric women undergo. They affect hotness, perspirations, systemic weakness, panic disorders, insomnia. Acupuncture is effective in alleviating hot flushes in practice. Assessment effectiveness and safety of acupuncture in hot flushes would be needed through multi-center trial. Objectives : Purpose of this study is to develope the protocol of effects of acupuncture on hot flushes, a postmenopausal symptom in climacteric women. Methods & Results : It will be a multi-centered, randomized, sham controlled, comparative trial. It will be performed by Good Clinical Practice after approval of Institutional Review Board. Selection criteria will be set according those of FDA above moderate degree. There will be a notice on concomitant medication, other herbs, dietary supplements. Superficial needling on sham points will be used for control group. Treatment period will be 8 weeks with 12 weeks' follow up. Some questionnaire scale will be used as the primary and secondary outcome. Conclusions : The clinical trials based on this protocol will be performed.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.62-67
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• 2008

Biocomposite was fabricated with biodegradable polymer and natural fiber that has potential to be used as replacement for glass fiber reinforced polymer composite with the benefits of low cost, low density, acceptable specific strength, biodegradability, etc. Until now, mostly natural cellulosic fibers on land have been used as reinforcement for biocomposite. The present study focused on investigating the fabrication and the characterization of biocomposite reinforced with red algae fibers from the sea. The bleached red algae fiber (BRAF) showed very similar crystallinity to the wood cellulose. It has high stability against thermal degradation (maximum thermal decomposition temperature of 359.3$^{\circ}C$) and thermal expansion. Biocomposites reinforced with BRAF have been fabricated by a compression molding method and their mechanical and thermal properties have been studied. The storage modulus and the thermomechanical stability of PBS (polybuthylenesuccinate) matrix are markedly improved by reinforcing with the BRAF. These results indicate that red algae fiber can be used as an excellent reinforcement of biocomposites, which are sometimes called as "green-composites" or "eco-composites".

• 한국펄프종이공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국펄프종이공학회 2008년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.178-182
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• 2008

The bleached red algae fiber(BRAF) showed very similar crystallinity to the cellulose, furthermore, it has higher thermal decomposition temperature than that of the microcrystalline cellulose(MCC). Polypropylene biocomposites reinforced with BRAF have been fabricated with various BRAF contents by compression molding method and their mechanical and thermomechanical properties have been studied. The mechanical strength as tensile, impact and flexural modulus of BRAF/PP biocomposites were gradually improved with increasing the BRAF content, and thermal property which against the thermal expansion was markdly improved, especially. These results are compared with chopped non-woody fibers as Henequen or Kenaf, BRAF was more effective for fabrication of biocomposites reinforced small-sized fibers. The red algae fiber reinforced biocomposites has the applicability such as electronics, biodegradable products and small-structure composites.

• 한국응급구조학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.95-106
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• 2014

Purpose : This study was attempted to check the correlation between job satisfaction and turnover intention and to provide the basic information to increase job satisfaction of fire fighters. Methods : A total of 369 questionnaires were distributed and 354 questionnaires were filled out and collected for analysis. Results : There was difference in turnover intention by general characteristics. According to position, group of Fire lieutenant or more is lower than that of Fire sergeant or less (F=3.61, p=.014). The group of rescue & emergency service and administration was significantly lower than other groups(F=4.84, p=.001). In pattern of duties, day service group was significantly lower than shift work group in .05 level(t=2.59, p=.022). Finally, in the correlation, the more job satisfaction increase, the more turnover intention decrease that represents inverse correlation between job satisfaction and turnover intention(r=-.523, p <.001). Namely, it represents the results that the higher job satisfaction is low turnover intention. Conclusion : More studies of fire officer in other cities are required to generalize the results. We have to develop program for job satisfaction for fire officer firstly, because program for job satisfaction used in this study was not developed for fire fighters.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.75-89
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• 2008

Purpose: To evaluate the hot flush relief efficacy of Yiseontang-gami in climacteric women with hot flushes, a vasomotor symptom. Methods: The 20 subjects who signing on the clinical trial written consent by self-will is registered this clinical trial after decided suitable by selection and exception standard, after take a medical experiment and checkup according to clinical trial plan. Registered subject should valuated by settled schedule after take the testing medicine(Yiseontang-gami)during thirty-day. The evaluating indexes of this trial are hot flush VAS, hot flush frequency, hot flush consistence time, sweating VAS, palpitation VAS, sleep disturbance VAS, MRS, MENQOL, PGA. Results: The results were as follows 1. 4 subjects dropped out of the clinical trial and 16 subjects completed it. 2. After Yiseontang-gami treatment, hot flush VAS, hot flush frequent, sweating VAS. Palpitation VAS, sleep disturbance VAS improved significantly. 3. After Yiseontang-gami treatment, hot flush consistence time was not improved significantly. 4. After Yiseontang-gami treatment, blood test value were not different significantly. Conclusion: In this clinical trial we consider that Yiseontang-gami is suitable treatment for the hot flushes and related symptoms.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.154-163
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• 2019

Objective: We report on the administration progression and adverse event of Er-Xian decoction for menopausal hot flushes. A hot flush is a rapid and intense heat-dissipation reaction that involves considerable sweating, enlargement of the peripheral blood vessels, and internal body heat. Er-Xian decoction is a prescription for treating menopausal hot flush symptoms in postmenopausal women. We report administration progression and adverse event of Er-Xian decoction for menopausal hot flush. Methods: We used the Menopause Rating Scale and Menopause-Specific Quality of Life questionnaire to evaluate the progression of hot flushes, and we conducted a literature review to determine the effective dosage of Er-Xian decoction. Result: In all cases, Facial hot flushes and evaluation variables were improved by the administration of EXD. However, in Case 1, a rise of liver function indexes which may be related to EXD administration was observed. Conclusion: Considering that menopausal flushing usually lasts for several years, The resluts are meaningful that the short-term administration of EXD led to improvement of symptoms. In order to further use EXD in the future, it will be necessary to conduct follow-up studies on the subject of safety verification, such as repeated dose toxicity studies.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.43-50
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• 2022

Agar, a heterogeneous polymer of galactose, is the main component of the cell wall of marine red algae. It is well established as a safe, non-digestible carbohydrate in oriental countries. Neoagarooligosaccharides (NAOs) prepared by hydrolyzing agar by microbial β-agarase have been reported to show safety. However, their immunological effects have not been reported yet. Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate immune enhancing effects of neoagarooligosaccharides (NAOs) from marine red algae Gelidium elegans in mice by performing ex vivo experiments. Six-week-old mice were fed ad libitum. NAOs were orally administrated at three different concentrations (100, 500, and 2,500 mg/kg B.W./day) twice a week for four weeks. The group fed with NAOs at 2,500 mg/kg showed the highest proliferation of splenocytes and production levels of cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α) in the ex vivo experiment. In conclusion, NAOs can enhance immune function, increase proliferation of splenocytes, and increase cytokine production by activating macrophages in mice.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.68-80
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• 2022

Objectives This study is to report a significant improvement in a Taeeumin patient with systemic contact dermatitis after eating urushiol chicken by herbal medicine treatment. Methods The patient had complaints of erythema, swelling, pruritus, scaly skin, and facial flushing. We treated the patient with an herbal medicine 'Galgeunhaegi-tang' for three months. We evaluated the treatment outcome of systemic contact dermatitis using the Three Item Severity(TIS) score every visit and facial flushing by Image color summarizer at the first and last visit. Results After the treatment, the severity of the patient's skin complaints lessened from moderate to mild. The Image color summarizer showed a minor decrease in the normalized red color level and a significant increase in the brightness level and facial color percentage. Conclusions The patient diagnosed with systemic contact dermatitis, treated with Galgeunhaegi-tang for three months, showed a significant improvement in skin complaints with brighter and even facial color.

• 공업화학
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.290-295
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• 2009

해조류 중에서도 홍조류의 agar는 D-galactose와 3,6-anhydro-L-galactose로 구성되어 있기 때문에 이를 분해하면 바이오 에탄올을 생산 할 수 있는 가능성이 높다. 본 연구에서는 열처리와 산 처리를 이용하여 agar를 당화하고 이를 통해 바이오 에탄올을 생산하고자 한다. 바이오 에탄올을 생산하기 위하여 전처리 된 agar에 Saccharomyces cerevisiae KCCM1129를 접종하여 발효하였다. Agar로부터 환원당 생성의 최적조건은 0.1 N HCl이었고, $120^{\circ}C$에서 15 min 반응하는 것으로 확인되었다. 발효균주 성장을 위한 최적 염 농도는 0.1 N NaCl로 17.88 g/L까지 성장하였으며, 0.1 N 이상의 농도에서 6.78~10.76 g/L로 성장이 감소했다. 그리고 agar 16% 농도에서 최적 전처리에 의한 에탄올 생산은 10.16 g/L이었다.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.85-92
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• 2013

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to find diagnostic points and define the cut off values of hot flashes by using digital infrared thermographic imaging. Methods: Thermographic images of 75 patients with hot flashes (HF, n=35) and non-hot flashes (NHF, n=40) were retrospectively reviewed. We used the temperature difference between Ex-HN3 and CV17, LU4, CV12, CV4 for diagnosing hot flashes. The temperature differences of between two groups were analysed using independent samples t-tests. The cut off values were calculated by received operating characteristic curve analysis. Analyses were undertaken using SPSS version 17.0. and p-value of <0.05 was considered significant. Results: The temperature difference Ex-HN3 and LU4 were the most significantly different between groups (p<0.001). Using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, the sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve were 65.7%, 72.5%, 0.729, respectively. The optimum cut off value was defined as $1.00^{\circ}C$. Conclusions: These results suggest that the digital infrared thermographic imaging is a reliable instrument for estimating hot flashes.