• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2011.04a
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• pp.975-978
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• 2011

최근의 모바일 플랫폼들은 하드웨어 기술의 발달로 인해 사용가능한 프로그램이 다양화됨에 따라 악성코드의 감염 경로 또한 다양화 되고 있어, 모바일 보안의 관심도 함께 높아지고 있다. 본 논문에서는 모바일 환경에서 사용 가능한 동적 분석 방식을 제안하며, 기존에 제시된 동적 분석 기술들을 분석하여 향후 모바일 플랫폼 환경에서 동적 분석 적용 시 동적 분석 및 혼합분석 툴 개발에 기반을 마련하고자 한다.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.145-154
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• 2007

Purpose : Rotavirus is one of the most important etiologic agents of nosocomial infections among the neonates. This study was designed to investigate nosocomial rotavirus infection in neonates who were admitted to a postpartum-care center after birth. Methods : From March 2005 to September 2006, 957 healthy neonates were examined for rotavirus antigen in stool by immunochromatographic method and 216 neonates were rotavirus antigen positive within 24 hours after admitted to a postpartum-care center. We reviewed the nursing charts retrospectively such as characteristics, monthly distribution, birth hospitals, delivery methods, feeding types and clinical manifestations. Results : Among 957 neonates, 216 neonates (22.6%) were rotavirus antigen positive and there were no differences in sex, birth weight, gestational age. Monthly positive rate of rotavirus antigen showed diversity from 10% to 36%. According to birth hospitals, positive rate showed diversity from 3.5% to 53.6%. Out of 957 neonates, 655 cases (68.4%) were born of vaginal delivery and mean hospitalized duration was 2.4 days, 302 cases (31.6%) were born of cesarean section and mean hospitalized duration was 5.7 days. 17.6% of vaginal delivery and 33.4% of cesarean section were rotavirus antigen positive. The positive rate was higher in neonates by cesarean section than vaginal delivery (P<0.001). According to feeding types, positive rate of rotavirus antigen was lower in breast-fed group than formula-fed group (P<0.001). Proportion of symptomatic case among rotavirus antigen positive was 34.7%. Most common clinical manifestation was diarrhea (61.3%), following poor feeding (45.3%), fever (40.0%), vomiting (25.3%), delayed weight gain (12.0%), and decreased urine amount (5.3%). Conclusion : Some neonates were already infected before admission to a postpartum-care center. Without meticulous management, nosocomial rotavirus infection would transmit rapidly in a postpartum-care center spreading to the community. Recommendation of breast-feeding, routine rotavirus screeing test with or without symptom, and isolation of all rotavirus antigen positive neonates in a postpartum-care center seem to be necessary. Also attentive hygiene education and further investigations of rotavirus infection in a postpartum-care center would be needed.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.48 no.7
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• pp.723-730
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• 2005

Purpose : This study was performed to characterize the etiology and clinical features of acute viral lower-respiratory tract infections(LRI). Methods : Etiologic agents and clinical features of acute viral LRI were studied from October. 2003 through March. 2004 in hospitalized children with LRI(253 cases) at Samsung Cheil Hospital. The viruses were identified by indirect immunofluorescent method. Medical records of patients with proven viral LRI were reviewed retrospectively. Results : Ninety two cases(36.4%) were confirmed as viral infections. The identified pathogens were respiratory syncytial virus(RSV, 76.0%), adenovirus(ADV, 12.0%), influenza virus type A(INFA, 9.8 %), influenza virus type B(INFB, 1.1%) and parainfluenza virus(PIV, 1.1%). Eight four point eight% of patients were younger than 2 years of age. Clinical diagnosis of LRI were pneumonia(56.5%), bronchiolitis(35.9%), tracheobronchitis(4.3%) and croup(3.3%). The clinical symptoms and signs were cough(98.8%), rhinorrhea(82.6%), fever(70.7%), rale(67.4%), wheezing(29.3%), chest retraction(28.3%) and cyanosis(4.3%). The severe respiratory symptoms and signs were more common in RSV-infected patients, even cyanosis could be observed. Seventeen point four percent of patient had fever of $38.5^{\circ}C$ or higher and their most common etiologic agent was INFA(66.7%). Twenty three point nine percent had fever more than 5 days and common etiologic agent was INFA(77.8%). The elevated WBC count($>14{\times}10^3/{\mu}L$) was in 14.1%, and common etiologic agents were INFA(22.2%) and ADV(18.2%). C-reactive protein(CRP >4.0 mg/dL) was increased in 13.0%, and common in ADV(63.6 %). Increased aspartate aminotransferase(AST)/alanine aminotransferase(ALT) was detected in 10.9%, and the most common etiologic agent was RSV(12.9%). Conclusion : The common agents of acute viral LRI were RSV, ADV and INF, respectively. Because the etiologic agents present variable clinical features, it may be helpful to treat and to evaluate acute viral LRI that we should understand their etiologic variability.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.95-106
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• 1988

Specific or non-specific cytolytic processes of free-living amoebae causing meningoencephalitls have been emphasized and the cytolytic ability related to hydrolases in Entantoeba sp. and Naegleria sp. has also been reported since the latter half of 1970's. However, no information on hydrolase activities in Acanthamoeba sp. is available. Hydrolases in Acanthamoeba culbertsoni, a pathogenic species of free-living amoebae, were assayed and compared with those in a non-pathogenic species, A. royreba. Pathogenicity of these two species was confirmed through experimental infection to BALB/c mice. Hydrolase activities and cytotoxic effects between pathogenic and non.pathogenic species were compared in the trophozoites cultured in CGV media and in CHO cell line, respectively. The results are summarized as follows: 1. The mice infected with A. culbertseni were all dead 15 days after nasal inoculation, and the mean survival time was 8.5 days. Also the mice infected with this pathogenic species manifested typical meningoencephalitis, whereas the mice infected with A. royreba did not. 2. Hydrolases detected both in the cell extracts and culture media were acid phosphatase, ${\beta}-N-acetyl$ galactosaminidase, ${\beta}-N-acetyl$ glucosaminidase, ${\alpha}-mannosidase$, neutral proteinase and acid proteinase, all of which were detected with remarkably higher rate in A. culbertsoni than in A. royreba. 3. A. cuzbertsoni revealed strong cytotoxicity for the target CHO cells, whereas A. royreba did not show any specific cytotoxicity. About 80% of the target cells mixed with A. culbertsoni were dead 48 hours after cultivation, and more than 95% of the target cells were dead 72 hours after cultivation. 4. Hydrolase activities in A. culbertsoni cultured with the target cell line were assayed according to the culture time. The activities of acid phosphatase, ${\beta}-N-acetyl$ galactosaminidase, ${\beta}-N-acetyl$ glucosaminidase, ${\alpha}-mannosidase$ and acid proteinase in this pathogenic amoeba were detected higher in amoeba extracts than in culture media up to 120 hours after cultivation, but after 120 hours of cultivation those activities were detected higher in culture media than in the amoeba Iysates. Neutral proteinase activity in A. culbertsoni increased more in EBSS medium than in the Iysate specimens although the activity in the extracts was generally steady according to the cultivation time. Summarizing the above results, it is concluded that there were differences in hydrolase activities between Pathogenic A. culbertsoni and non-pathogenic A. royreba, and that some hydrolase activities were detected remarkably higher in A. culbertsoni which revealed strong cytotoxicity to the target CHO cell line.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.35-47
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• 1971

Current overseas research reveals that among the pathogens causing flacherie of silkworm, damage by infectious flacherie virus is the most serious, but little research in this fold has been reported in Korea. This experiment was undertaken to observe the occurrence of infectious flacherie virus by means of biological environmental conditions associated with occurrence of virus discase and interaction of the virus of flacherie and Bacillus spp. isolated from flacherie silkworm, and to determine ways to check infection by the virus during the rearing of silkworms. The results obtained are as follows: 1. The pathogen, infectious flacherie virus observed in Korea, is proved to be round in shape and 26-30m$\mu$ in diameter under observation with electron microscope, 2. The infectious flacherie virus-disease occurred apparently in conditions of nutritional disturbance such as shortage of diet or rearing in high temperature and humidity during the 3-4th instar. 3. The percentage of disease-occurrence was increased remarkably, and the latent period was shortened in the case of simple inoculation of virus suspension as compared with the suspension added with bacteria. 4. The application of calcium hydroxide in the silkworm-rearing bed is able to check infection of virus disease.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.294-300
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• 2021

Necrotizing periodontal disease caused by plaque bacteria is showed clinical findings including pseudo-membrane, interproximal necrosis of the affected area, pain on palpation and gingiva bleeding. Microbiological examination is showed that patients have fusospirochetal bacteria. Two patients who were provisionally diagnosed as necrotizing periodontal disease received nonsurgical periodontal treatments in conjunction with dressing using 3% hydrogen peroxide and local antibiotic delivery. Before and 3 - 5 days after initial treatment, the levels of periodontal bacteria in gingival crevicular fluid obtained using quantitative PCR were compared. After treatment, patients recovered normal gingiva. The number of periodontal diseases related bacterial species decreased from seven or eight to one. As a result, periodontium of patients with necrotizing periodontal disease was recovered to normal periodontium by nonsurgical periodontal treatments.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Poultry Science Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.23-25
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• 2004

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of Ecklonia cava kjellman(ECK) and crude lectin extracted from ECK (CLEEC) on performances and immune responses in broiler chicks. A total of two hundreds thirty four 1 day old male broiler chicks (Ross) were fed corn-soy based diets containing 0 % (with or without vaccination and Salmonella challenge), 1.0 % ECK, 0.05 %, 0.1 % and 0.3 % CLEEC for 38 days and vaccinated against inactivated ND-IB combined oil vaccine on the fourth day. After S. gallinarum challenge. mortality was measured daily. The spleens of birds were removed for RNA extraction and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) with primer sets for IFN-ν, IL-2, IL-6 and ${\beta}$-actin were performed with RNA samples. At the 28th day, pancreas weights were heavier 0.3 % CLEEC than 1.0 % ECK group. At the 21st day after ND-IB oil vaccine injection, dietary supplementation of ECK and CLEEC tended to increase or significantly (P<0.05) improved ND or IB titer compared to the positive control. Mortality was significantly (P<0.05) decreased by dietary CLEEC treatments. Chicken splenic IFN-ν, IL-2, and IL-6 cytokines mRNA expressions were enhanced by challenge with S, gallinarum. Dietary treatments did not affect mRNA expression of IFN-ν. However, IL-2 and IL-6 expressions in Salmonella challenged birds that fed the 1.0 % ECK or 0.05 % CLEEC groups were enhanced (P<0.05) compare to the positive control. The results demonstrated that dietary ECK and CLEEC enhanced humoral and cellular immunity and therefore. it can be concluded that dietary supplementation of ECK and CLEEC can be used as a feed additive for enhancement of immunocompetence without any adverse effects in broiler chicks.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.57 no.2
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• pp.87-95
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• 2018

Nosema spp. (NS) causes severe problems to honey bee colonies including the death of the highly infected ones. Searching for effective materials to control this parasite is very important. The objectives of this study were to identify the calendar for the prevalence of NS and other bee diseases, and to test the efficacy of three materials: diluted honey mixed with lemon juice (M1), chamomile extract mixed with sugar syrup (M2) and sutrivet mixed with sugar syrup (M3) against Nosema. To realize these objectives, diseases of brood and adult honey bees were surveyed over one year. Also, the efficacy of M1, M2 and M3 against Nosema was evaluated under field and laboratory conditions. The results showed that few diseases for immature and mature stages of honey bees were recorded. NS was detected during winter and spring in link with low temperature and high relative humidity. Under field conditions, M2 reduced the infection by 36.66% while M3 by 23.33% and finally M1 by 13.33%. In the laboratory, the highest efficacy was to M2 followed by M1 and finally M3. The three materials impacted the percentage of survived bees significantly higher than infected bees without any treatments over the experimental period. The study suggests the potential role of chamomile as a natural material to control NS.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2004

This study was undertaken to provide the appropriate vaccination protocol of canine parvovirus (CPV) vaccine for the companion dogs in Korea. A total of 120 healthy pups (20 pups per group) at 6 weeks of age were randomly assigned to one of four commercially available vaccines [C, G, K, and V groups] and one of vaccination schedules [V2 and V4 groups]. The serological responses to the CPV component of the vaccines were determined by measuring HI titers. The maternal antibodies was declined to under the protective level at 6 weeks of age. Therefore, it was considered that vaccination of pups for CPV should be started at 6 weeks of age. And when the combination vaccine was used, the immunogenicity of V vaccine was superior to the other vaccines and optimum vaccination schedule was 3 times vaccination with 3 weeks-interval starting vaccination at 6 weeks of age. Although pups were vaccinated at 6 weeks of age, the geometric mean CDV titers of pups in all groups by 9 weeks of age were under the protective level. So, hygienic measures including avoiding to exposure to the high risk areas were needed to prevent CPV infection in this period.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.241-247
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• 2004

Recently, we reported a satellite RNA (Paf-satRNA) which is encapsidated in a pepper isolate of Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV-Paf) regulated symptom attenuation of the helper virus. To characterize mild symptom domain of Paf-satRNA, a series of chimeric cDNAs of satRNAs were created by using full-length cDNA clones of Paf-satRNA and a Pep-satRNA, chlorosis-inducing satRNA in pepper plants, and analyzed for determinants of symptom attenuation. When compared the nucleotide sequences, the 3' and 5' terminal sequences of the two wild-type (wt) satRNAs contained relatively conserved sequences which are the typical to CMV satRNA. Ten bases insertions were found in PepY-satRNA, and two variable regions, 81st to 113th and 183rd to 265th from the 5'-end, were located in the middle parts of the satRNAs. To delineate the attenuated symptom-related domain for the Paf-satRNA, in vitro transcripts RNAs transcribed from the wt cDNAs and constructed chimeric cDNAs were combined with genomic RNAs, RNA1, RNA2 and RNA3, of CMV-Fny and inoculated onto Nicotiana benthamiana plants. These transcripts were fully infectious onto the N. benthamiana and infectivity was confirmed by the RT-PCR. Chimeric Paf(H/N)-satRNA and PepY(N/A)-satRNA as well as Paf-satRNA induced very mild mosaic or symptomless infection on N. benthamiana. By contrast, typical mosaic symptom and stunting of infected plants were induced when PepY-satRNA, PepY(H/N)-satRNA and Paf(N/A)-satRNA were infected to N. benthamiana. Paf-satRNA coinfected with CMV-Fny RNAs induced very mild to sympomless on pepper plants whereas PepY-satRNA-infected pepper expressed typical chlorosis mosaic symptom. Two kinds of chimeric mutants, Paf(H/N)-satRNA and PepY(N/A)-satRNA, induced mild mosaic or symptomless infection onto pepper plants, while PepY(H/N)-satRNA and Paf(N/A)-satRNA showed typical chlorosis and mosaic symptom with stunting. This results suggest that mild symptom-related domain for the Paf-satRNA was located on HpaI-NarI region.