• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.568-576
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• 2015

In this study, scenarios based on the leakage of highly compressed air and fire occurrence turned out to be high risks in an operation stage of CAES facility were constructed and estimated. By combining Bernoulli equation with momentum equation, an expression to calculate an impact force of a jet flow of compressed air was derived. An impact force was found to be proportional to the square of diameter of fracture and the pressure of compressed air. Four types of fire scenarios were composed to evaluate an effects that seasonal change and location of fire source have on the spread behavior of smoke. Smoke from the fire ignited in the vicinity of CAES opening descended more quickly below the limit line of breathing than one from the fire occurred 10 m away from CAES opening, which is expected to occur due to a propagation of wave front of smoke. It was shown that a rate of smoke spread of the winter fire is faster than one of the summer fire and smoke from the winter fire spreads farther than one of the summer fire, which are dependent on the direction of air flow into access opening. Evacuation simulation indicated that the required safe evacuation time(RSET) of the summer and winter fires are 262, 670 s each.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.54-61
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• 2002

Background: Tracheal stenosis is an urgent but uncommon disease. Therefore, primary care clinicians have limited clinical experience. Animal models of a tracheal stenosis can be used conveniently for the learning, teaching, and developing new diagnostic and therapeutic modalities for tracheal stenosis. Recently, a canine model of a tracheal stenosis was developed using a Nd-YAG laser. To describe the methods and results of developed animal model, we performed this study. Methods : Six Mongrel dogs were generally anesthetized and the anterior 180 degree of tracheal cartilage of the animal was photo-coagulated using a Nd-YAG laser. The animals were bronchoscopically evaluated every week for 4 weeks and a pathologic evaluation was also made. Results : Two weeks after the laser coagulation, the trachea began to stenose and the stenosis progressed through 4 weeks. All animals suffered from shortness of breath, wheezing, and weight loss in the 3 weeks after the laser treatment, and two died of respiratory failure just before the fourth week. The gross pathologic findings showed the loss of cartilage and a dense fibrosis, which resulted in a fibrous stricture of the trachea. Microscopy also showed that the fibrous granulation tissue replaced destroyed cartilage. Conclusion : The canine model can assist in the understanding and development of new diagnostic and therapeutic modalities for tracheal stenosis.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.56 no.2
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• pp.187-197
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• 2004

Background : Nitric Oxide (NO) is a multi-faceted molecule with dichotomous regulatory roles in many areas of biology. NO can promote apoptosis in some cells, whereas it inhibits apoptosis in other cell types. This study was performed to characterize NO-induced cell death in lung epithelial cells and to investigate the roles of cell death regulators including iron, bcl-2 and p53. Methods : A549 cells were used for lung epithelial cells. SNP (sodium nitroprusside) and SNAP (S-nitroso-N-acetyl- penicillamine) were used for NO donor. Cytoxicity assay was done by MTT assay and crystal violet assay. Apoptotic assay was done by fluorescent microscopy after double staining with propidium iodide and hoecst 33342. Iron inhibition study was done with RBCs and FeSO4. For bcl-2 study, bcl-2 overexpressing cells (A549-bcl-2) were used and for p53 study, Western blot analysis and p53 functionally knock-out cells (A549-E6) were used. Results : SNP and SNAP induced dose-dependent cell death in A549 cells and fluorescent microscopy revealed that SNAP induced apoptosis in low doses but necrosis in high doses while SNP induced exclusively necrotic cell death. Iron inhibition study using RBCs and FeSO4 significantly blocked SNAP-induced cell death. And also SNAP-induced cell death was blocked by bcl-2 overexpression. Finally, we found that SNAP activate p53 by Western blot analysis and that SNAP-induced cell death was decreased in the abscence of p53. Conclusion : In lung epithelial cells, NO can induce cell death, more precisely apoptosis in low doses and necrosis in high doses. And iron, bcl-2, and p53 play important roles in NO-induced cell death.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.162-167
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• 2012

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the major cause of lower respiratory tract infection in infants. Life-threatening RSV infection is often reported in young children and immunocompromised hosts. Since there is no report on ribavirin therapy for RSV pneumonia in pediatric cancer patients in Korea, we report one case of RSV pneumonia that developed in an infant with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Despite administration of oral ribavirin and intravenous immunoglobulin, the patient's respiratory distress worsened and admission to an intensive care unit was necessary. Chest x-ray showed multifocal consolidation, pneumothorax, and pneumomediastinum. Treatment with aerosolized ribavirin led to significant clinical improvement. The role of aerosolized ribavirin is still controversial, but it might have a therapeutic potential for severe RSV pneumonia in children with leukemia.

• Journal of KIISE
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.353-361
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• 2016

During image-guided radiation treatment of lung cancer patients, it is necessary to track the tumor motion because it can change during treatment as a consequence of respiratory motion and cardiac motion. In this paper, we propose a method for tracking the motion of the lung tumors based on the three-dimensional image information from planning 4D MDCT and treatment 4D CBCT images. First, to effectively track the tumor motion during treatment, the global motion of the tumor is estimated based on a tumor-specific motion model obtained from planning 4D MDCT images. Second, to increase the accuracy of the tumor motion tracking, the local motion of the tumor is estimated based on the structural information of the tumor from 4D CBCT images. To evaluate the performance of the proposed method, we estimated the tracking results of proposed method using digital phantom. The results show that the tumor localization error of local motion estimation is reduced by 45% as compared with that of global motion estimation.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.265-271
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• 1999

Patients with mediastinal teratoma are usually asymptomatic, but may develop symptoms by rupture into adjacent structures which result in pneumonia, hemoptysis, pleural effusion, pericardial effusion, or pneumothorax. Rarely, life-threatening acute respiratory distress require a emergency surgery. Rupture into pleural cavity may result in pleuritis and pleural effusion with severe anterior chest or back pain. The symptom must be differentiated from other common intrathoracic distress diseases. Clinical, cytologic and radiologic examinations of pleural effusion, and moreover, measurement of enzymes such as amylase or insulin, which is secreted from pancreatic tissues, in pleural effusion and cystic fluid enabled us to make the diagnosis of rupture of mediastinal teratoma preoperatively.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers D
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• v.55 no.7
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• pp.335-343
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• 2006

We have designed the system that measure one channel ECG by two electrode and extract real-time EDR with more related resipiration and comportable to subject by using conductive textile. On the assumption that relation between RL electrode and potential measurement electrode is coupled with RC connected model, we designed RL drive output to feedback two electrode for reduction of common mode signal. The conductive textile which was used for two ECG electrode was offered more comfort during night sleep in bed than any other method using attachments. In the method of single-lead EDR, R wave point or QRS interval area could be used for EDR estimation in traditional method, it is, so to speak, the amplitude modulation(AM) method for EDR. Alternatively, R-R interval could be used for frequency modulation(FM) method based on Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia(RSA). For evaluation of performance on AM EDR and FM EDR from 14 subject, ECG lead III was measured. Each EDR was compared with both temperature around nose(direct measurement of respiration) and respiration signal from thoracic belt(indirect measurement of respiration) on mean squared error(MSE), cross correlation(Xcorr), and Coherence. The upsampling interpolation technique of multirate signal processing is applied to interpolating data instead of cubic spline interpolation. As a result, we showed the real-time EDR extraction processing to be implemented at micro-controller.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Poultry Science Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.73-82
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• 2003

본 연구에서는 국내 종계의 생산성 저하요인들을 평가·분석하였으며, 국내사육 종계의 실질적인 생산성을 극대화 시킬 수 있는 방안을 제시하고자 시험을 수행하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 혈청검색에 의한 품종별 종게군 질병 모니터링을 실시 한 결과, SE, MS 등 2종의 난계대성 세균성 질병과 REV, APV, CAV, ORT, REO 등 5종의 만성소모성 질병을 유발하는 질병이 종계군의 산란기에 감염되어 이들이 단독 또는 중복감염되어 나타나는 피해가 예상되었으며, 이들의 감염을 효과적으로 예방 할 수 있는 백신의 개발 및 도입의 필요성이 대두되었다. 2. 집중관리 모니터링 대상농장에 대한 ND, IB, IBD 등 3종의 생독백신에 대한 접종효능을 평가해 본 결과 산란종계, 육용종계를 막론하고 전반적으로 니플급수기를 이용한 음수접종법 적용시 5주령 이하 계군에 2내지 3회의 음수접종을 실시하였음에도 불구하고 항체가 거의 형성되지 못하거나 매우 불균일한 면역반응이 나타나는 것으로 조사되어 국내 야외농장에 대한 분무접종 유도 등 기존의 백신접종법에 대한 시급한 개선대책 마련이 요구되었다. 3. 육성기 및 산란기 종계 질병·위생관리 프로그램 확립을 위하여 ND, IB, IBD에 대한 개선된 백신접종 프로그램을 모델계군에 적용한 후, 주령별로 생독백신 접종효능을 조사한 결과 백신접종 후 ND, IB, IBD에 대한 평균 항체가와 항체의 균일도 (%CV)가 표준 목표치 이상 상승하여 개선의 효과를 볼 수 있었다. 4. 산란기 종계 질병·위생관리 프로그램 확립을 위하여 실시된 변이형 IB에 대한 방어능 시험결과 정기적인 Mass type IB 생독백신의 분무접종은 국내 유행 호흡기형 IBV 유전형 VI에 대한 방어효과는 다소 떨어지는 것으로 조사되어 국내분리주를 이용한 IB 생독백신의 개발이 요구되었다. 5. 종계장 살모넬라 및 마이코플라즈마 조기 검출을 위하여 실시한 종계장 살모넬라 및 마이코플라즈마 환경 모니터링 실시 결과 기존의 평판응집반응이나 ELISA에 의한 혈청검색법에 비하여 검출효율이 매우 높은 것으로 조사되어 향후 국내 종게군에 대한 살모넬라 및 마이코플라즈마 조기검출과 방제연구에 큰 도움이 될 것으로 사료되었다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.394-401
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• 1999

Inflammatory pseudotumor is a infrequent, benign tumor that affects at all ages and involves the lung, gastrointestinal tract, and salivary gland. They are the most common, isolated, primary lesion of the lung in children, and usually present as circumscribed, peripheral, parenchymal tumors or endobronchial tumors, which may be usually static or increase slowly in size without causing symptoms. Surgical excision is the treatment of choice because of the location and benign nature of this lesion. The prognosis after resection is excellent. Other therapeutic modalities include radiation and steroid therapy. We experienced two cases of inflammatory pseudotumor of the lung parenchyme and endobronchus. We report these cases with a review of literatures.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.455-462
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• 2002

Currently, the ages of the patients visiting dental hospital for dental care are becoming younger and the interest in the treatment for the handicapped and incapable of cooperation children increases. As a method for treatment of these patients, the sedation treatment is considered. A dental sedation using chloral hydrate and hydroxyzine of them were used widely and for a long time. In this study, the samples were consisted of incapable of cooperation or very young children required treatment of restoration under local anesthesia. Then, the vital signs were accessed in pediatric dental sedation using the combination of chloral hydrate and hydroxyzine. As a result of this study, the vital signs were little different in pediatric dental sedation using the combination of chloral hydrate and hydroxyzine. Simply, the respiration rate and pulse rate decreased according to sleeping of patients. Therefore, the sedation using the combination of chloral hydrate and hydroxyzine induced to appropriate sedation in incapable of cooperation or very young children with little effects of vital signs.