• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
• /
• v.24 no.3
• /
• pp.411-428
• /
• 2018

This study has attempted to identify whether or not the effects of perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness of the elderly on a suicidal ideation is mediated by the meaning in life and, during this process, examined if social participation known as a protective factor against elderly suicide has a moderating effect. For this, a total of 403 elderly men and women residing in Honam area have been selected as the subjects of the study, among whom self-report surveys have been conducted as to perceived burdensomeness, thwarted belongingness, meaning in life (presence of meaning/search for meaning) and social participation. The mediating analysis with the use of the process macro has identified the path where the perceived burdensomeness encourages a suicidal ideation through the presence of the meaning in life. On the other hand, the thwarted belongingness has turned out to be significant only in a direct path to a suicidal ideation. The analysis results of moderated mediating effects, including social participation have found that social participation does mediate the path to a suicidal ideation caused by the perceived burdensomeness through the presence of the meaning in life, verifying its moderated mediating effects.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.15-22
• /
• 1995

This study was carried out to investigate the deposition aspect of acid precipitation in rural area of Chonbuk province by analysis of the chemical components in the precipitation at National Honam Agricultural Experiment Station, RDA in the suburbs of Iri from Jan. to Dec. in 1992. The results are summarized as follows: 1. The frequency of acid precipitation was 82.5% in 1992 and the month of the lowest frequency of 17% was June. 2. The pH range of the most precipitation amount was pH $4.5{\sim}5.0$ of 54.0% and the amount and ratio of the precipitation below pH 4.0 were 9.6 mm and 1.1%, respectively. 3. The seasonal acidity of precipitation was Summer(4.78)>Fall(4.59)>Spring(4.52)>Winter(4.16). 4. The components showed significant correlation with pH value were $SO_4^{2-}$ and $NO_3$ and the equivalence ratio between two components was 2.85 : 1. 5. The order of the major ion concentration in the precipitation was $SO_4^{2-}$>$NH_4^+$>$Cl^-$>$Ca^{2+}$>$NO_3^-$>$Na^+$>$H^+$>$K^+$>$Mg^{2+}$ and the equivalence ratio of total anion to cation was 1.20. 6. Deposition amount of nitrogen ($NO_3-N$ + $NH_4-N$) and potassium ($K_2O$) were 1.19 and 0.53 kg/l0a/year, respectively.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
• /
• v.18 no.3
• /
• pp.275-281
• /
• 2016

This study was conducted to analyze the runoff characteristics of the highway depending on the number of vehicles and to provide the installation proposal of an NPS pollution reduction facility. There were a total of 5 monitoring sites used for the study namely, Gyeongbu, Seohaean, Honam and Tongyeoung Dageon highway. Monitoring events started from 2006 until 2015 having a total of 44 storm events. According to monitoring statistics, the average antecedent dry days (ADD) and rainfall was 6.2 days and 19.2 mm, respectively. The Gyeongbu Highway (H-4) was recorded having the highest Average Daily Traffic and Catchment Area (ADT/CA) with $49.4car/day{\cdot}m^2$ while other site were less than $10car/day{\cdot}m^2$. The average concentration of the NPS pollutants generated from monitoring sites were 63.5 mg/L(TSS), 24.9 mg/L(BOD), 3.35 mg/L(TN), 0.63 mg/L(TP) and 298 ug/L(Total Zn). This exhibited lower values in comparison to the remarks of highway related runoff EMC values published in Korea. Moreover, through the results of the correlation analysis between the contaminant concentration and ADT/CA, $R^2$ value of SS showed the highest correlation with 585. Through the correlation equation between ADT/CA and EMC of TSS, when there is 73.7 mg/L of TSS EMC found from a domestic highway, ADT/CA ratio is normally $13car/day{\cdot}m^2$. Therefore, in a case of more than 13 cars passing through a certain area, the area can be considered and present as the point of generation of nonpoint source pollutants. Also, in this study, since it considered a unit area ADT indicated in previous studies, it was determined that it has a high applicability and utilization in generalized units than conventional study which were conventionally done.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
• /
• v.43 no.6
• /
• pp.611-615
• /
• 2011

'Manjong' is a new japonica rice cultivar developed in 2009 derived from a cross between 'Yeongdeog34' and 'Nampyeongbyeo' at the Department of Functional Crop, NICS, RDA. This cultivar is suitable for the double cropping system after the cash crop cultivation. Heading date of 'Manjong' is later than 'Keumobyeo' under the late transplanting cultivation on July 10. It has high grain fertility under cold conditions and low premature heading. One of the distinguishing characteristics of this variety is its resistance to major diseases like leaf blast and rice stripe virus disease. However, it shows susceptibility to major insect pests and bacterial blight disease. Milled rice kernels are translucent with non-glutinous endosperm and have 7.2% protein and 18.7% amylose contents. Ripening ratio and head rice ratio is very higher than those of 'Keumobyeo'. The palatability of cooked rice is also better than 'Keumobyeo'. The milled rice yield of 'Manjong' in local adaptability tests after harvest of the cash crop is $4.81MT\;ha^{-1}$. This cultivar is suitable for planting in the plain paddy fields of Honam and Yeonnam regions in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
• /
• v.38
• /
• pp.387-419
• /
• 2005

Material characteristics and provenance interpretation of the raw materials for the stone moulds of bronze artifacts excavated in Galdong Prehistoric site were studied. The stone moulds are made of igneous hornblendite with coarse-grained holocrystalline textures. The surface color shows greenish grey to dark green with greasy luster. The value of magnetic susceptibility of the moulds ranges from 19.2 to 71.0 (mean ; $39.2{\times}10^{-3}$ SI unit).High value of magnetic susceptibility indicates high contents of magnetite as a ferromagnetic mineral and the wide range of the values are due to heterogeneous distribution of magnetite. These are characteristics of basic igneous rocks. The rock-forming minerals of the moulds mainly consist of amphibole, plagioclase and biotite. Pyroxene, chlorite and opaque minerals are also rarely present. A large quantity of carbon was detected on the dark black crust near the surface of the moulds by quantitative analysis. Geological field survey was carried out to identify a source of the raw materials of the stone moulds around Galdong site. Hornblendite or gabbroic rocks being similar to the moulds forming rock occur at Daeseongri, Sikcheonri and Gyodongri in Jangsoo, and Illdaeri in Namwon about 50 kilometers away from the site in a straight line. They have similarity with the moulds forming rock in magnetic susceptibility ranging from 16.1 to 72.4 (mean ; $39.9{\times}10^{-3}$ SI unit). Among those hornblendite or gabbroic rocks, one in Jangsoo area is the most similar to the moulds forming rock on the basis of petrological and mineralogical characteristics. Comparing normalized patterns of major, minor, rare earth and immobile elements contents of the moulds to them of hornblendite in Jangsoo area, geochemical evolution trend and behavior characteristics show affinities between them. It suggests that the moulds forming rock and hornblendite in Jangsoo area have been originated from cogenetic magma. This hornblendite is easy to engrave an inscription or detail graphics on the surface because of its softness, and has good thermal conductivity. Hornblendite in Sikcheonri, Jangsoo is particularly produced and used for stone wares until the present day. Therefore, it is probable that the stone materials of the moulds has been imported from Daeseongri, Sikcheonri and Gyodongri in Jangsoo area. However, it cannot be completely excluded the possibility that the material of the moulds was supplied from Illdaeri in Namwon area appearing the same type of hornblendite on a small outcrops. It is necessary to carry out further archaeological studies to identify several possibilities of migration process of raw materials.

• Journal of Korean Historical Folklife
• /
• no.44
• /
• pp.145-176
• /
• 2014

This study analyzed official duties and personnel practices of Hyangcheong(鄕廳), administrative organization in which sajok(士族) participate this office, and Jakcheong(作廳), hyangree(鄕吏)'s office, of Anbyeon of Hamgyeong Province in the 19th century. Although there have beeen somewhat of case study of Gyeongsang, Honam, etc., study on Hamgyeong Province has been almost nonexistent because of the limitation of materials. Hence, this paper specifically examined Hyangcheong and Jakcheong's official duties and personnel practices through an article of 'a list of Hyangcheong and Jakcheong's officials' of Anbyeon, newly found, which is in the possession of this writer. Especially, this study virtually traced individual ststus and family by analyzing Hyangcheong and Jakcheong's 40-official duties and a list of 330-ofiicial duties for sixs years. And then by comparing it against Jokbo(族譜), I have grasped 19-Famlily of them. Executives of Hyangcheong could be grasped as they were status of Yangban(兩班), but members of Jakcheong were hardly identified because they were status of hyangree, thus most of them were not enscrolled in Jokbo. Hyangcheong and Jakcheong's official duties could be found by compare it with other area in Ehubgi(邑誌) Hamgyeong Province. the features of officiak duties are as in the following. On general administrative organization, Sajok's Hayngcheong, Jakcheong as general administrative organization and Jangcheong(將廳) as police work existed. As Pyeongando and Hamgyeongdo were border areas, Jangcheong was independent and led other institutions. However, in Anbyeon, Hojang(戶長) of Hayngcheong and Jakcheong divided dudies and commanded. Hojang'role was higher than any other areas, Because Hojang is in charge of Jangcheong's functions. Jakcheong was centrally operated by Hojang, Eebang(吏房), and Hyeongbang(刑房), so-called 'Samgonghyeong(三公兄)', Whereas Anbyeon was operated by Hojang, Eebang, Chunchong(千摠). In the general areas, While Juasu(座首) Byeolgam(別監), Executive of Hyangcheong, manages each warehouse(倉) where the nation's tax revenues are kept, In Anbyeon besides Joasu, Hyangso(鄕所). The principle of Hyangcheong and Jakcheong's personnel practices was one-period, but there were many consecutive terms, every other year terms, or tranference into other area. Police work was assumed by specific persons because it was relatively specialized job, However in case of Ghamsaek(監色) of each warehouse(倉), Hyangso(鄕所) of Hyangcheong or Hojang of Jakcheong had held plural offices, and was solely responsible it. On the overall features of its operation, Hyangcheong held plural offices, but rotation was made only within Hyangcheong. On the other hand, in the case of Jakcheong, Hojang, Eebang, and even Buriebang circulated their positions, but the other Hyangree rotated each Saek(色) and Guamguan of each warehouse(倉). This writer confirmed that unlike Gyeongsang and Hamgyeong, Hyangcheoung or duties of Hyangree were not handed from generation to generation by several families and, many families shared their work by circulating positions.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
• /
• v.21 no.4
• /
• pp.299-305
• /
• 2003

Purpose: In order to develop the national guide-lines for the standardization of radiotherapy we are planning to establish a web-based, on-line data-base system for laryngeal cancer. As a first step this study was performed to accumulate the basic clinical information of laryngeal cancer and to determine the items needed for the data-base system. Materials and Methods: We analyzed the clinical data on patients who were treated under the diagnosis of laryngeal cancer from January 1998 through December 1999 In the South-west area of Korea. Eligiblity criteria of the patients are as follows: 18 years or older, currently diagnosed with primary epithelial carcinoma of larynx, and no history of previous treatments for another cancers and the other laryngeal diseases. The items were developed and filled out by radiation oncologlst who are members of forean Southwest Radiation Oncology Group. SPSS vl0.0 software was used for statistical analysis. Results: Data of forty-five patients were collected. Age distribution of patients ranged from 28 to 88 years(median, 61). Laryngeal cancer occurred predominantly In males (10 : 1 sex ratio). Twenty-eight patients (62$\%$) had primary cancers in the glottis and 17 (38$\%$) in the supraglottis. Most of them were diagnosed pathologically as squamous cell carcinoma (44/45, 98$\%$). Twenty-four of 28 glottic cancer patients (86$\%$) had AJCC (American Joint Committee on Cancer) stage I/II, but 50$\%$ (8/16) had In supraglottic cancer patients (p=0.02). Most patients(89$\%$) had the symptom of hoarseness. indirect laryngoscopy was done in all patients and direct laryngoscopy was peformed in 43 (98$\%$) patients. Twenty-one of 28 (75$\%$) glottic cancer cases and 6 of 17 (35$\%$) supraglottic cancer cases were treated with radiation alone, respectively. The combined treatment of surgery and radiation was used in 5 (18$\%$) glottic and 8 (47$\%$) supraglottic patients. Chemotherapy and radiation was used in 2 (7$\%$) glottic and 3 (18$\%$) supraglottic patients. There was no statistically significant difference in the use of combined modality treatments between glottic and supraglottic cancers (p=0.20). In all patients, 6 MV X-ray was used with conventional fractionation. The iraction size was 2 Gy In 80$\%$ of glottic cancer patients compared with 1.8 Gy in 59$\%$ of the patients with supraglottic cancers. The mean total dose delivered to primary lesions were 65.98 ey and 70.15 Gy in glottic and supraglottic patients treated, respectively, with radiation alone. Based on the collected data, 12 modules with 90 items were developed or the study of the patterns of care In laryngeal cancer. Conclusion: The study Items for laryngeal cancer were developed. In the near future, a web system will be established based on the Items Investigated, and then a nation-wide analysis on laryngeal cancer will be processed for the standardization and optimization of radlotherapy.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
• /
• v.41 no.4
• /
• pp.654-659
• /
• 2009

"Cheongcheongjinmi" is a new japonica rice variety developed from a cross between Iri401 and Ilpumbyeo by the rice breeding team of National Institute of Crop Science, RDA. This variety is suitable for ordinary season culture of low level nitrogen application. Heading date of "Cheongcheongjinmi" is August 17, 4 days later than that of Sobibyeo in plain areas. It has culm length of 82 cm, and relatively semi-erect pubescent leaf blade and slightly tough culm tolerant to lodging with good canopy architecture. This variety has 13 tillers per hill, 126 spikelets per panicle and 90.2% of ripened grains. "Cheongcheongjinmi" showed lower spikelet fertility than Sobibyeo when exposed to cold stress. This variety showed slower leaf senescence and lower viviparous germination compared to Sobibyeo during the ripening stage. "Cheongcheongjinmi" is susceptible to blast disease, bacterial blight, virus diseases and planthoppers. The dried plant weight, total nitrogen and RuBisCO activity of "Cheongcheongjinmi" were higher than those of Sobibyeo in low level nitrogen application. The milled rice of "Cheongcheongjinmi" exhibits translucent, clear non-glutinous endosperm and medium short grain. It shows lower protein and amylose contents than those of Sobibyeo, and better palatability of cooked rice compared to Hwaseongbyeo. The milled rice yield of this cultivar is about 5.10 MT/ha at low level nitrogen application of ordinary season culture in local adaptability test for three years. Especially, "Cheongcheongjinmi" has better milling properties such as the percentage of whole grain in milled rice and milling recovery of whole grain, respectively than those of Sobibyeo. "Cheongcheongjinmi" would be adaptable to middle plain areas and middle-western coastal areas of Korea.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.62 no.1
• /
• pp.16-23
• /
• 2017

This study aimed to determine the optimal harvesting time for covered barley to make grain silage, in Honam region of Korea. We harvested six varieties of barley every third day from 24 to 42 days after heading (DAH). The moisture content decreased from 62.4% at 24 DAH to 24% at 42 DAH. The moisture content at 36 DAH was 44.3%; however, moisture content at 39 and 42 DAH was lower than 40%. Yield of covered barley significantly increased from 24 to 42 DAH (p < 0.05). Yield at 36 DAH (557 kg/10a) was not significantly different from that at 39 and 42 DAH (p < 0.05). With respect to the feed value of barley grain silage, the amount of crude fiber and crude ash was different by harvesting time (p < 0.05). However, the amount of crude protein, crude fat, and total digestible nutrients (TDN) from 24 and 42 DAH was not significantly different. The pH of grain silage from 24 to 42 DAH was between 3.8 and 4.2 and it was stable until 36 DAH (p < 0.05). However, the pH of grain silage at 39 and 42 DAH was 5.2 and 5.8, respectively, which was higher than the pH of silage with good fermentation quality. The lactic acid content of barley grain silage from 24 to 42 DAH decreased from 5.5% to 0.5% (p < 0.05). The amount of lactic acid at 36 DAH was higher than that at 39 and 42 DAH (p < 0.05). With respect to moisture content, yield, feed value, and fermentation, the optimal harvesting time for grain silage of covered barley was 36 DAH. This could increase the use efficiency of harvesting machine for barley and reduce the harvesting time gap between whole barley silage and grain silage in Korea. Moreover, using barley grain silage for animal feed could reduce the import of corn.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
• /
• v.12 no.4
• /
• pp.317-334
• /
• 1992

Weed flora and floristic composition were reviewed in lowland rice field and upland crop area. For lowland rice field weed flora was not much changed since 1971. About 29 weed species belonged to 18 families were occurred. However, floristic composition of dominant weed species has greatly changed mainly due to introduction of herbicides. The predominant weed species in 1971 when herbicide was not used were Rotala indica, Eleocharis acicularis, Monochoria vaginalis, Echinochloa crus-galli, while these for in 1991 were Eleocharis kuroguwai, Sagittaria pygmaea, S. trifolia, Echinochloa crus-galli and M, vaginalis, respectively. In 1981 weed survey, E. crus-galli was no longer troblesome weed. However, this species became important again thereafter by introduction of herbicide mixtures with pyrazolate, bensulfuron-methyl or pyrazosulfuronethyl. For upland crop area, 216 weed species belonged to 46 families were recorded. One hundred and sixtyfive of these were grown in winter crop area while 189 weed species occurred in summer crop area, respectively. Among these, 138 weed species were grown in both crop seasons. In general, summer crops had less number of weed species compared to winter crops. Even though the dominant weed species varied by crop the most common weeds were Chenopodium album, Alopecunrs aqualis, Stellaria alsine and S, media for winter crops and Digitaria sanguinalis, Portulaca oleracea, Chenopodium album and Acalypha australis for summer crops, respectively.