• Communications of Mathematical Education
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• v.15
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• pp.189-194
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• 2003

급격하게 변하고 있는 이 사회에 맞춰 수학이 변하고 있다. 이에 따라 학교 수학에서의 증명지도가 변해야할 필요성이 있다. 본 연구에서는 기존의 증명 개념을 아우르는 보다 포괄적인 개념으로써 정당화를 소개하고 정당화 지도 방안을 제안한다. 또, 기존의 형식적이고 엄밀한 연역적 증명과 정당화가 어떻게 다른지 비교해 보고 실제 수업하는데 도움을 줄 수 있도록 활용 방안을 간단하게 제시하고자 한다.

• Journal of Educational Research in Mathematics
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.1-31
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• 2007

Negative numbers have been one of the most difficult mathematical concepts, and it was only 200 years ago that they were recognized as a real object of mathematics by mathematicians. It was because it took more than 1500 years for human beings to overcome the quantitative notion of numbers and recognize the formality in negative numbers. Understanding negative numbers as formal ones resulted from the Copernican conversion in mathematical way of thinking. we first investigated the historic and the genetic process of the concept of negative numbers. Second, we analyzed the conceptual fields of negative numbers in the aspect of the additive and multiplicative structure. Third, we inquired into the levels of thinking on the concept of negative numbers on the basis of the historical and the psychological analysis in order to understand the formal concept of negative numbers. Fourth, we analyzed Korean mathematics textbooks on the basis of the thinking levels of the concept of negative numbers. Fifth, we investigated and analysed the levels of students' understanding of the concept of negative numbers. Sixth, we analyzed the symbolizing process in the development of mathematical concept. Futhermore, we tried to show a concrete way to teach the formality of the negative numbers concepts on the basis of such theoretical analyses.

• Proceedings of the Korean Association of Geographic Inforamtion Studies Conference
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• 2008.06a
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• pp.91-96
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• 2008

국토 모니터링을 위해서는 다양한 출처와 종류의 자료를 통합하여 제공하여야 한다. 특히 국토 모니터링의 범위에는 원격탐사와 같은 공중 모니터링과 지상 모니터링 자료가 모두 포함되기 때문에 매우 다양한 종류와 속성을 가진 지리정보 자료들이 통합되어야 한다. 본 연구에서는 다양한 출처와 종류의 지리정보자료를 효과적으로 통합하는 방법으로 형식개념분석(Formal Concept Analysis, FCA)을 살펴보고 사례분석을 통해 이 기법의 적용 가능성을 파악하고자 한다. 연구결과 형식개념분석을 통하여, 다양한 종류의 자료가 가지고 있는 중복을 제거하고 이를 체계적으로 정리하여 통합할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 형식개념 분석의 개념을 파악하고 현재 활용되고 있는 지리정보자료들에 적용하여 평가함으로써 국토 모니터링 자료의 통합기법으로 적용될 수 있는 가능성을 연구하였다.

• Korean Journal of Logic
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.49-67
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• 2003

조합논리는 기본적으로 정해진 해석이 없는 순수한 형태만을 가지고 추상적으로 연산하는 관점에 관한 논리로서, 논리학을 기호학적 관점에서 볼 수 있는 토대를 제공해 준다. 조합논리의 특징은 연산자가 피연산자도 될 수 있다는 사실에 있으며 그래서 동일한 연산자가 그 자신의 피연산자도 될 수 있다. 이 논문에서 우리는 기본연산자들의 직관적 개념과 형식적 개념을 소개하고 연산자 대수에 내해 검토하고 나서 조합논리와 $\lambda$-연산의 번역가능성에 다해 알아보겠다. 조합논리에 유형의 개념을 추가하면 자연언어 분석에서 아주 효율적인데 기본유형인 대상자 명제 이외의 어떤 요소라도 함수자로 나타낼 수 있는데 이들은 조합자의 특수한 경우로서 파생유형들이다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.251-254
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• 2005

계층적 개념구조는 대상 도메인으로부터 지식을 표현하는데 있어서 간결하면서도 효과적으로 개념간의 구조를 설명하기 위해 사용되고, 데이터의 구조화와 요약을 제공하며 필요한 정보의 수월한 접근을 제공하기 위해 널리 적용되고 있다. 그러나, 대상도메인으로부터 계층적 개념구조를 구축하기 위해서는 많은 시간과 노력이 요구된다. 따라서 계층적 개념구조를 효율적으로 구축하기 위한 체계가 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 계층적 개념구조를 체계적으로 구축하기 위한 형식개념분석기법(FCA, Formal Concept Analysis)을 토대로, Many-valued context와 Scaling을 자동화하기 위한 도구로써 본 연구에서 개발된 FCA Wizard를 소개한다.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.8B no.4
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• pp.373-380
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• 2001

본 논문은 한국어 보조동사의 의미를 Sowa에 의해 제안되고 국제표준이 되고있는 개념그래프를 이용하여 형식적으로 기술하는 방법을 제안한다. 이를 위해 영어의 양상과 상에 관한 개념그래프를 알아보고 한국어 보조동사를 통사/의미론적으로 고찰한다. 한국어 보조동사의 개념그래프적 기술을 위해, 각종 논문과 국어사전에서 한국어 보조동사 40개의 여러 예문들을 수집하여 완료, 진행, 봉사, 시도, 강세, 원망, 지속, 추정의 8가지 의미로 분류하고 이들을 개념그래프로 기술한다. 실험에서는 이들 8가지 의미들을 인공지능언어의 일종인 LIPS과 유사한 KIF로 작성하고 C++를 이용하여 한국어 보조동사가 포함된 문장을 입력받아 개념그래프로 변환하는 프로그램을 구현한다. 문장 내의 모든 범주들의 개념과 개념 관계가 자연어의 모든 의미관계를 표시할 수 있는 개념그래프는 한국어 보조동사의 다양한 의미를 기술하는데 적합함을 알 수 있었다.

• Communications of Mathematical Education
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.145-174
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• 2009

Based on the thinking that people can understand more clearly when the problem is related with their prior knowledge, the Purpose of this study was to analysis students' informal knowledge, which is constructed through their mathematical experience in the context of real-world situations. According to this purpose, the following research questions were. 1) What is the characteristics of students' informal knowledge about fraction before formal fraction instruction in school? 2) What is the difference of informal knowledge of fraction according to reasoning ability and grade. To investigate these questions, 18 children of first, second and third grade(6 children per each grade) in C elementary school were selected. Among the various concept of fraction, part-whole fraction, quotient fraction, ratio fraction and measure fraction were selected for the interview. I recorded the interview on digital camera, drew up a protocol about interview contents, and analyzed and discussed them after numbering and comment. The conclusions are as follows: First, students already constructed informal knowledge before they learned formal knowledge about fraction. Among students' informal knowledge they knew correct concepts based on formal knowledge, but they also have ideas that would lead to misconceptions. Second, the informal knowledge constructed by children were different according to grade. This is because the informal knowledge is influenced by various experience on learning and everyday life. And the students having higher reasoning ability represented higher levels of knowledge. Third, because children are using informal knowledge from everyday life to learn formal knowledge, we should use these informal knowledge to instruct more efficiently.

• Journal of Science Education
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.68-79
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to investigate the recognition of middle school students on 'Thinking Science' activities and the influence on the understanding of the gas particles behavior concepts. For this study 125 students of four classes first grade in middle school were divided into two groups, the experimental and the control group. The SRT II test was carried out to identify the cognitive level of the students. The logical factors, needed to understand of the gas particles behavior concepts, were extracted. And the 9 'Thinking Science' activities designed to develop these factors were chosen and then implemented to the students of the experimental group. After the lesson for the gas particles behaviors, the achievement test of understanding of the gas particles behavior concepts and the survey of the students' recognition on 'Thinking Science' activities were administered. According to the results of the achievement test, there was not significant difference between the two groups on the whole. But only mature concrete operational students in the experimental group got high scores than those in the control group in analyzing the effect size. According to the results of the ANCOVA analysis, there was significant difference between the two girls' group. When students in the experimental group had a positive perceptions about 'Thinking Science' activities, they got higher achievement scores. This implied that there was a correlation between perception about 'Thinking Science' activities and their achievement in the gas particles behavior concepts. Especially, students with positive perception in mature concrete operational period got higher scores in science achievement. After the 'Thinking Science' activities, there was a high perceptions about improving in scientific thinking.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.19-30
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• 2012

Based on the internet-based infrastructures such as various information devices, social network systems and cloud computing environments, distributed and sharable data are growing explosively. Recently, as a data analysis and mining technique for extracting, analyzing and classifying the inherent and useful knowledge and information, Formal Concept Analysis on binary or many-valued data has been successfully applied in many diverse fields. However, in formal concept analysis, there has been little research conducted on analyzing interval data whose attributes have some interval values. In this paper, we propose a new approach for classification of interval data based on the formal concept analysis. We present the development of a supporting tool(iFCA) that provides the proposed approach for the binarization of interval data table, concept extraction and construction of concept hierarchies. Finally, with some experiments over real-world data sets, we demonstrate that our approach provides some useful and effective ways for analyzing and mining interval data.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.305-313
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• 2018

Public open data is a database or electronic file produced by a public agency or government. The government is opening public data through the open data portals and individual agency websites. However, it is a reality that there is a limit to search and utilize desired public data from the perspective of data users. In particular, it takes a great deal of effort and time to understand the characteristics of data sets and to combine different data sets. This study suggests the possibility of interlinking between data sets by analyzing the common relationship of item names held by public data. The data sets are collected from the open data portal, and item names included in the data sets are extracted. The extracted item names consist of formal context and formal concept through formal concept analysis. The format concept has a list of data sets and a set of item name as extent and intent, respectively, and analyzes the common items of intent end to determine the possibility of data connection. The results derived from the formal concept analysis can be effectively applied to the semantic connection of the public data, and can be applied to data standard and quality improvement for public data release.