• Journal of the Korean Geophysical Society
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.9-26
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• 1999

The Ulleung Basin (Tsushima Basin) in the southwestern East Sea (Japan Sea) is floored by a crust whose affinity is not known whether oceanic or thinned continental. This ambiguity resulted in unconstrained mechanisms of basin evolution. The present work attempts to define the nature of the crust of the Ulleung Basin and its tectonic evolution using seismic wide-angle reflection and refraction data recorded on ocean bottom seismometers (OBSs). Although the thickness of (10 km) of the crust is greater than typical oceanic crust, tau-p analysis of OBS data and forward modeling by 2-D ray tracing suggest that it is oceanic in character: (1) the crust consists of laterally consistent upper and lower layers that are typical of oceanic layers 2 and 3 in seismic velocity and gradient distribution and (2) layer 2C, the transition between layer 2 and layer 3 in oceanic crust, is manifested by a continuous velocity increase from 5.7 to 6.3 km/s over the thickness interval of about 1 km between the upper and lower layers. Therefore it is not likely that the Ulleung Basin was formed by the crustal extension of the southwestern Japan Arc where crustal structure is typically continental. Instead, the thickness of the crust and its velocity structure suggest that the Ulleung Basin was formed by seafloor spreading in a region of hotter than normal mantle surrounding a distant mantle plume, not directly above the core of the plume. It seems that the mantle plume was located in northeast China. This suggestion is consistent with geochemical data that indicate the influence of a mantle plume on the production of volcanic rocks in and around the Ulleung Basin. Thus we propose that the opening models of the southwestern East Sea should incorporate seafloor spreading and the influence of a mantle plume rather than the extension of the crust of the Japan Arc.

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.55-59
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• 2018

In this paper, we investigated the characteristics of shear stress type piezoresistor on a diaphragm structure formed by MEMS (Microelectromechanical System) technology of silicon-direct-bonding (SDB) wafers with Si/$SiO_2$/Si-sub. The diaphragm structure formed by etching the backside of the wafer using a TMAH aqueous solution can be used for manufacturing various sensors. In this study, the optimum shape condition of the shear stress type piezoresistor formed on the diaphragm is found through ANSYS simulation, and the diaphragm structure is formed by using the semiconductor microfabrication technique and the shear stress formed by boron implantation. The characteristics of the piezoelectric resistance are compared with the simulation results. The sensing diaphragm was made in the shape of an exact square. It has been experimentally found that the maximum shear stress for the same pressure at the center of the edge of the diaphragm is generated when the structure is in the exact square shape. Thus, the sensing part of the sensor has been designed to be placed at the center of the edge of the diaphragm. The prepared shear stress type piezoresistor was in good agreement with the simulation results, and the sensitivity of the piezoresistor formed on the $2200{\mu}m{\times}2200{\mu}m$ diaphragm was $183.7{\mu}V/kPa$ and the linearity of 1.3 %FS at the pressure range of 0~100 kPa and the symmetry of sensitivity was also excellent.

• Bulletin of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.35-44
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• 1974

열박음(shrink fitting)으로 인(因)한 동심형(同心形) 구멍을 가진 복합(複合)실린더의 과도적(過渡的) 온도분포(溫度分布), 열응력(熱應力) 및 열변형도(熱變形度)를 이론해석(理論解析)하였다. 온도분포해석(溫度分布解析)에서 외부(外部) 실린더는 균일온도(均一溫度)로 가열(加熱)되어, 실온(室溫)의 내부(內部) 실린더와 접촉면(接觸面)에서 일어나는 열전도(熱傳導)에 의(依)하여 냉각(冷却)되고, 외부(外部) 표면(表面)은 대기중(大氣中)에 노출(露出)된 상태(狀態)로 취급(取扱)하였다. 열응력(熱應力)은 평면변형도조건(平面變形度條件)을 만족(滿足)하는 것으로 생각하였으며, 물성(物性)은 온도(溫度)에 무관(無關)한 상수(常數)로 취급(取扱)하였다. 온도분포(溫度分布)는 열전도문제(熱傳導問題)만을 고려(考慮)함으로서도 유효(有效)한 해(解)를 얻을 수 있으며 열응력(熱應力)은 접촉면(接觸面)에서부터 형성(形成)되며, 반경방향응력(半徑方向應力)은 시간(時間)이 경과(經過)함에 따라 압축응력(壓縮應力)이 증가(增加)하여 접촉면(接觸面)에서 최대치(最大値)를 갖고, 원주방향응력(圓周方向應力)은 접촉면(接觸面)에서 초기(初期)부터 거의 최종상태(最終狀態)와 같은 크기를 갖음을 알 수 있다. 균일온도분포(均一溫度分布)가 이루어지면 열응력(熱應力)의 형성(形成)은 완료(完了)되게 되며, 이때의 열응력(熱應力)의 크기와 분포경향(分布傾向)은 평면응력조건(平面應力條件)을 사용(使用)하였다는 사실(事實)을 고려(考慮)하면 $Lam\acute{e}$의 이론해(理論解)와 일치(一致)함을 알 수 있었다.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.279-284
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• 2004

A rust fungus has caused a serious early defoliation of Zanthoxylum schinifolium during growing seasons every year at the plantations located at Hadong and Jinju, Kyeongsangnam-Do in Korea. In order to identify the rust fungus and clarify its life cycle in Korea, aeciospores from Pinus thunbergii were artificially inoculated on the leaves of Z. schinifolium. Uredinial stage was successively formed on the leaves of Z. schinifolium. Based on the artificial inoculation test and on the morphological features of the dried specimens collected from P. thunbergii and Z. schinifolium, this rust fungus was identified as Coleosporium xanthoxyli. Morphological features of aecial and uredinial stages of the species were described. The first symptom of the infection was developed from later June to early July. And leaf infection ratio was 17.8%-58.7% during August at Hadong and Jinju regions of Kyeongsangnam-Do in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.130-135
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• 1982

The antioxidative action of petroleum ether, chloroform, chloroform-methamol (2 : 1, v/v), methanol and methanol-water extracts of Panax ginseng roots in the autoxidation of mixed methyl esters of unsaturated fatty acids (MEUFA) was investigated in vitro. All of the extracts of Panax ginseng roots possessed antioxidative activity and inhibited the formation of hydroperoxides in the autoxidation of mixed methyl esters of unsaturated fatty acids (MEUEA). The induction period in the autoxidation of MEUFA was extended by the addition of each extract. The antioxidative activity was more prominent with chloroform and chloroform-methanol (2 : 1, v/v) extracts than with other extracts. The antioxidative activity of each extract estimated by Olcott's oven test and the measurement of peroxide value (POV) showed a similar tendency. From the results obtained, it was conclude that extracts of Panax ginseng roots had remarkable antioxidative activity in the autoxidation of MEUFA in vitro.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.76-80
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• 2009

Finger-print recognition is achieved by comparing an input finger-print image with the stored images in the computer, and finally by determining agreement or disagreement. Encryption and decryption are necessary in the finger-print recognition process. In these process CGH (Computer Generated Hologram) is used, and finger-print images reconstructed from the CGHs are compared. In this paper, two methods of recognition are used, one is to compare the finger-print images of each other reconstructed from their CGHs and the other is to compare the CGHs to each other directly, to analyze the differences of finger-print recognition capability between these two methods. Experimental results show that the capability of finger-print recognition for comparing the CGHs of the two is about 150 times higher than in case of comparing the reconstructed finger-print images. Especially the changes of characteristics according to modulation types of CGH are analyzed.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2011.02a
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• pp.368-368
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• 2011

최근에 보고된 양질의 고효율Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) 태양전지는 CIGS광흡수층이 강한 (220:204) 우선배향성을 갖는 것으로 알려져 있다 [1]. 이러한 CIGS우선배향성은 Se 증착압력, Na농도, 기판온도 및 Mo후면전극의 표면상태에 영향을 받는 것으로 알려져 있지만 정확한 상호관계는 아직 명확히 알려져 있지 않으며, 특히 Mo후면전극의 영향에 대해서는 체계적인 연구결과조차 극히 드문 상황이다 [2]. 본 연구에서는 CIGS 박막의 우선배향성에 대해 Mo후면전극의 미세구조가 미치는 영향 및 이에 따른 cell특성의 변화에 대해서 연구하였다. Mo후면전극의 미세구조는 2 mTorr~16 mTorr까지 증착압력을 변화시켜 제어되었고, CIGS광흡수층은 이렇게 준비된 Mo후면전극상에 3단계 동시증밥법(3-stage process)을 사용하여 형성하였다. XRD를 통한 박막의 우선배향성 평가에서, Mo 증착압력에 대한 IGS I(300)/I(006) 및 CIGS I(220:204)/I(112)의 거동은 Mo 미세구조와 밀접한 관련이 있는 잔류응력(residual stress)의 변화 거동과 상당히 일치함을 보였다. 이에 반해, 높은 압력의 Mo위에 형성된 강한 (220:204) 우선배향성의 CIGS와 bare-glass위에서 형성된 강한 (112) 우선배향성의 CIGS내 Na농도는 서로 유사하였다. 상기의 결과는 Mo미세구조 그 자체가 CIGS 박막 우선배향성의 원인이 됨을 나타낸다. Selenized Mo시편의 XRD분석 및 IGS/Mo 시편의 TEM분석결과을 통해 MoSe2의 반응성이 잔류응력과 비례하는 Mo in-gain 밀도에 의존하는 함을 알 수 있었고, 이러한 MoSe2반응성(reactivity)과 IGS우선배향성 사이에 상당히 밀접한 관련이 있으며 이에 CIGS의 우선배향성이 결정됨을 확인하였다. 마지막으로, Mo변수에 의해 제작된 cell의 특성분석으로부터 cell의 효율이 주로 VOC의 증가에 기인하여 CIGS (220:204) 우선배향성의 정도에 비례하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2011.08a
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• pp.304-304
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• 2011

열필라멘트 화학 기상 증착 공정(HWCVD, hot wire chemical deposition)은 낮은 기판 온도에서 다결정 실리콘 박막을 빠른 속도로 증착할 수 있는 방법이다. 이는 후처리가 없어도 전기적 특성이 우수한 박막을 저온에서 얻을 수 있기 때문에 녹는점이 낮은 기판에 증착을 할 수 있으며 공정비용 절감 효과가 있다. 이러한 박막 증착 공정 중 기상 핵생성에 의해 나노 입자가 생성되며, 새로운 관점에서는 그 농도와 크기가 박막 성장에 중요한 변수로 작용한다. 따라서 공정조건의 변화에 따라 생성되는 나노 입자의 크기 분포를 실시간으로 분석하여 박막 형성의 최적 조건을 찾는 연구가 필요하다. 하지만 이러한 입자 발생 특성에 관한 연구는 기존에 밝혀진 반응 메커니즘으로 인해 수치해석적 연구는 체계적으로 진행되었으나 실험적 연구의 경우 적합한 측정장비의 부재로 인해 제한이 있었다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 저압에서 실시간으로 나노입자 분포를 측정할 수 있는 PBMS (particle beam mass spectrometer)를 이용하여 열필라멘트 화학 기상 증착 공정 중 발생하는 입자의 존재를 확인하고 특성을 분석하였다. 실리콘 나노 입자의 측정은 PBMS 장비의 전단 부분을 HWCVD 배기 라인에 연결하여 진행하였으며 반응기 내 샘플링 위치, 필라멘트 온도, 챔버 압력, 작동기체의 비율을 변수로 하여 진행하였다. 그 결과 실리콘 나노 입자는 양 또는 음의 극성을 가진 하전된 상태임을 확인 하였고, 측정 조건에 따라 일부 단일 극성으로 존재하였다. 한편, 필라멘트 온도가 증가할수록 하전된 나노입자의 최빈값은 감소하였다. 또한 반응 가스인 SiH4 농도가 증가할수록 최빈값은 농도에 비례하여 증가하였다. 이런 결과는 기존 HWCVD 실험에서 투과 전자 현미경(TEM)을 이용하여 분석한 실리콘 나노 입자의 크기 분포 결과와 경향이 일치함을 확인하였다. 본 연구를 통하여 확인된 하전된 나노 입자의 존재를 실험적으로 확인하였으며 추후 지속적 연구에 의해 이러한 하전된 나노 입자가 박막 형성에 기여 하는 것을 규명하고 박막 형성 조건을 최적화하는데 중요한 역할을 할 것을 기대할 수 있다.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2000

A three-dimensional hydrodynamic-ecosystem model was developed and applied to Chinhae Bay which is located in the southeastern sea of Korea. The model includes a three-dimensional hydrodynamic model and an eutrophication model, and the model operates on the same grid system. The agreement between predicted and measured results is reasonably encouraging. The concentrations of the calculated COD, DIN and DIP are appeared to be very high due to the phytoplankton production and the wastewater input in the northern part of Chinhae Bay. Anoxic and hypoxic water masses in the bottom layer occur in the northern part of the bay due to the excess loading of wastewater and strong stratification, and in the western inner part of the bay due to high oxygen consumption in densely populated aquaculturing facilities. DO concentration contours show parallel to the bay entrance line, which means the importance of supplying DO by physical process from the mouth of the bay. Although both the hydrodynamic and biochemical processes play important role to form the hypoxic waters in the bottom of the inner bay, it is suggested that the hydrodynamic conditions such as the vertical and the horizontal eddy diffusivity are primarily important factors.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.70-83
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• 2012

This study examines the structural relationships between functional-congruity, self-congruity and their consequences, under coffee shop consumption setting. More specifically, it investigates how functional-congruity and self-congruity influence emotional responses (comprising positive and negative emotions) and store attitude formation. The authors propose a structural equation model comprising five constructs. Data were collected from 280 college students in Seoul and analyzed by LISREL 8.30. The findings can be summarized as follows: First, functional congruence of coffee shop customers appeared to have a positive effect on positive emotions and a negative effect on negative emotions. Second, self-congruity has a positive effect on coffee shop customers' positive emotions. Third, the effect of coffee shop customers' positive emotions on store attitude formation was positive and statistically significant while the effect of negative emotions on store attitude formation was negative. These results suggested that the effect of functional-congruity and self-congruity on store attitude formation was mediated by positive emotions and negative emotions.