• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.51 no.9
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• pp.998-1006
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• 2008

Purpose : Hypertension is defined as average systolic blood pressure and/or diastolic blood pressure that is ${\geq}95^{th}$ percentile for gender, age, and height on ${\geq}three$ occasions. Knowing that blood pressure values increase in children as they grow older, the purposes of this study were to measure blood pressure by an oscillometric device and to determine normal values and percentile curves for children. Methods : Systolic and diastolic blood pressures were measured twice with an oscillometric device in 3,545 boys and 3,145 girls under six years of age, in Seoul. Using this data, we determined average blood pressure values and percentile curves based on gender and age; we subdivided these values into blood pressures of $50^{th}$, $90^{th}$, $95^{th}$, and $99^{th}$ percentiles, by percentile of height. The regression coefficients and standard deviations of the systolic and diastolic blood pressure values were obtained from linear regression models. Results : Older boys and girls had higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure values. Older boys and girls in the same percentile of height for age had higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure values. Taller boys and girls within the same age group had higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure values. Conclusion : Blood pressure standards based on gender, age, and height were obtained via an oscillometric method. Llimitation of this study is that the study population was not from the whole country, but exclusively from Seoul. Nonetheless, the data from this study will be helpful in diagnosing and managing hypertension in Korean children.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.33-41
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• 2008

Purpose : It is now understood that blood pressure (BP) measurement in the routine pediatric examination is very important because of the relevance of childhood BP to pediatric health care and the development of adult essential hypertension. There hasn't been a reference table of BP for Korean children and adolescents up to now. This study was to make normative BP references and to provide criteria of hypertension for Korean children and adolescents. Methods : BP measurements were done on 57,433 Koean children and adolescents (male: 29,443, female: 27,990), aged 7 to 20 years, in 2005. Heights and weights were measured simultaneously. Oscillometric devices, Dinamap Procare 200 (GE Inc., Milwaukee, Wi, USA), were used for the measurements. BPs were measured 2 times and mean levels were gathered for the analysis. Outliers of 2,373 subjects with overweight per height, over ＋3SD, were excluded for the analysis. For the BP centiles adjusted by sex, age and height, fixed modified LMS method which was adopted from the mixed effect model of 2004 Task Force in NHLBI (USA) was used. Results : Normative BP tables for Korean children and adolescents adjusted for height percentiles (5th, 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, 90th, 95th), gender (male, female) and age(7 to 18 years) were completed. Height centiles of Korean children and adolescents are available from Korean Center for Disease Control and Prevention homepage, http://www.cdc.go.kr/webcdc/. Criteria of hypertension (95th, 99th percentile) and normal range of BP (50th, 90th) adjusted for height percentiles, age and gender were made. Conclusion : This is the first study to make normative BP tables and define hypertension for the Korean children and adolescents. Reliability and accuracy of Dinamap Procare 200 oscillometer for BP measurements remains debatable.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.12
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• pp.5849-5859
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• 2012

The aim of this study was to find out the impact of age and hypertensive status on postprandial hypotension(PPH). Twenty-six hypertensive elderly ($77.7{\pm}7.2$ years old), twenty-five normotensive elderly ($80.2{\pm}6.8$ years old) and twenty-six young adults ($20.0{\pm}1.5$ years old) took part in the study. The blood pressure (BP) and heart rates (HR) were measured every 15 minutes, from 30 minutes before a meal to 90 minute after a meal in sitting position, using an ambulatory blood pressure monitor. In the hypertensive group, postprandial reduction in systolic BP continued from 30minutes to 90minutes. The reductuion rate of systolic BP of hypertensive elderly group was significantly greater than other groups (p<.05). However, there were no significant differences in trend of HR change between the groups (p=.082). The incidence of PPH was significantly higher in the hypertensives than other groups (73.1% vs 24% vs 0%, respectively, p=.001). In conclusion, age and hypertensive status had a significant impact on PPH. Elderly persons require more intensive BP monitoring and nursing intervention.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.9 no.7
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• pp.225-232
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• 2009

This study conducted the following experiment to examine effects of cardiovascular function on lumbar stabilization exercise(LSE) in floor or swiss ball. This experiment was conducted to compare heart rate, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and peripheral vascular oxygen saturation effects by lumbar stabilization exercise in floor or swiss ball with 18 normal adult and it divided 9 subjects. experiment group (1) is applying LSE on floor group and (2) is applying LSE on swiss ball group. Heart rate was measured by portable heart rate manometer, blood pressure was measured by hemodynamometer, and peripheral vascular oxygen concentration was measured using a computerized NURYTEC measuring apparatus analysis. These result lead us to the conclusion that systolic blood pressure and peripheral vascular oxygen concentration were influenced by LSE. but there was not differential effect between each groups. These results suggest that LSE has the capability to improve heart rate, blood pressure, peripheral vascular oxygen concentration. Consequently, LSE would be lead to increment of cardiovascular function.

• 건강소식
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.42-43
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• 2011

2008년 한국건강관리협회 건강증진의원을 통해 근로자 건강검진을 받은 50~59세 검진자는 40,786명으로 남성은 23,281명, 여성은 17,505명이다. 그중 심전도 검사를 받은 50대 검진자 40,587명 중 14.6%가 질환의심을 보였고, 혈압 측정을 한 40,742명 중 11.6%가 수축기 혈압에서, 10.9%가 이완기 혈압에서 질환의심을 보였다.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.51 no.6
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• pp.604-609
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• 2008

Purpose : Obesity in children and adolescence is highly correlated with adult obesity, which can provoke hypertension. Therefore, it is important to evaluate the blood pressure of obese children regularly. In this study, the results of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) in obese children and adolescents were evaluated. Methods : ABPM was conducted for selected patients who visited Handong University Sunlin Hospital from Feb. 1, 2006 to Dec. 1, 2007. The patients were classified into 3 groups: group 1 was normal, group 2 had normal casual blood pressure and a body mass index over the 95th percentile, and group 3 had high casual blood pressure over 120/80 mm Hg and a body mass index over the 95th percentile. Systolic and diastolic 24-hour blood pressure was measured, including both day and night. Results : There were 49 patients in the study. The results showed a significant difference for average systolic blood pressure between the three groups ($105.1{\pm}4.7$, $111.0{\pm}7.1$, $117.8{\pm}6.6mmHg$, P<0.001), but for average diastolic blood pressure only between groups 1 and 3 ($69.1{\pm}5.3$, $77.9{\pm}6.3mmHg$, P=0.001). In the daytime, only groups 1 and 3 showed a statistically significant difference for systolic and diastolic blood pressure. During the night the systolic pressure of group 3 was significantly higher than the other groups, but the diastolic pressure of group 3 was only higher than that group 1. No statistical difference was found in night dips among the groups. Conclusion : Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in children and adolescents showed statistically higher blood pressure in obese patients with high casual blood pressure.

• Proceedings of the Korea Inteligent Information System Society Conference
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• 2000.04a
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• pp.243-249
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• 2000

본 연구의 목적은 휴대폰이나 무선호출기가 가진 양방향 데이터 전송기술을 활용하여 혈압자료를 주기적 혹은 수시로 송신하고 개인별로 축적된 건강관련데이터를 이용하여 혈압과 관련된 심혈관 질환을 예측하는 시스템을 개발하고자 한다. 본 시스템은 크게 5가지 모듈로 구성되어 있다. 첫째는 가정용 혈압측정기에 무선 데이터 전송 기능이 부가된 혈압측정 및 전송장비이다. 둘째는 무선데이터 송수신을 위한 데이터 전송과 관련된 시스템을 구축하는 부분이다. 셋째는 수신된 개인별 혈압 데이트를 DB화하고 이를 자동으로 검사하여 혈압 이상변동 여부를 수시로 확인하고, 필요시 본인에게 경고 메시지를 보내어서 담당의사와 상의하거나 병원에 가서 정밀진단을 받도록 사전에 건강 이상상태를 경고해 주는 조기경보시스템이다. 넷째는 의사의 전문지식과 개인별 혈압자료를 기초로 하여 인터넷 상에서 스스로 심혈관 관련 질병을 진단해 볼 수 있는 인터넷 기반 심혈관 질병 진단 시스템의 구축이다. 다섯 번째로는 이러한 모든 기능이 복합된 전체 시스템을 통합하고 각 부분을 연결하는 시스템 인터페이스 및 사용자가 아주 쉽게 사용할 수 있도록 하는 사용자 인터페이스 부분이다. 본 논문에서는 이를 위한 전체 시스템의 프레임웍을 제시하고 혈압과 의사의 전문지식에 기초한 심혈관 질병 진단 전문가 시스템에 대하여 구축하고자 한다.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.255-261
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) and blood pressure (BP) in patients with obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea (OSAH). Patients were classified into four groups based on their severity of polysomnographic data: the snoring group (n=108)-characterized by Apnea-Hypopnea Index (AHI<5); the mild OSA group (n=186)-AHI $5{\leq}AHI$<15; the moderate OSA group (n=179)- AHI $15{\leq}AHI$<30; and the severe OSA group (n=233)-$AHI{\geq}30$. On the same night of polysomnography (PSG), BP levels were measured before sleeping (bedtime BP) and immediately after waking up on the following morning (morning BP). EDS was recognized as ESS (epworth sleepiness scale)${\geq}9$. The differences and correlations between BP and PSG parameters in the EDS and non-EDS groups of OSAH patients were analyzed. MAP was positively correlated with BMI, AHI, and total arousal (r=0.099, r=0.142, r=0.135, p<0.01, p<0.01, p<0.01), while negatively correlated with mean $SaO_2$ (r=-0.258, p<0.01). The EDS group had overall younger population ($47.2{\pm}11.3$ vs $50.3{\pm}11.4$, p=0.023), higher DBP (both bedtime and morning, $83.1{\pm}9.7$ vs $81.4{\pm}8.8$ and $86.4{\pm}9.2$ vs $83.6{\pm}9.7$)(p=0.031, p=0.047), and higher SBP (both bedtime and morning, $126.7{\pm}11.2$ vs $123.4{\pm}12.4$, $128.9{\pm}12.4$ vs $125.3{\pm}12.9$)(p=0.021, p=0.021) than compared with the non-EDS group. In hypertensive OSAH patients, patients with EDS were also younger and had higher total arousal number, as well as higher morning and bedtime DBP and SBP than compared with the non-EDS group (p<0.005, p=0.008, p<0.001 and p<0.001). EDS in OSAHS patients is a special phenotype characterized by younger age, higher DBP, more severe desaturation, and hypertension.

• Proceedings of the Korean Operations and Management Science Society Conference
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• 2000.04a
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• pp.758-761
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• 2000

노인인구의 증가로 이에 대한 건강문제와 성인병의 증대 및 바쁜 일상생활로 인하여 본인의 건강상태를 수시로 스스로 확인할 수 있는 방안으로 무선데이터를 이용한 원격진료 시스템에 대한 요구가 크게 일어나고 있다. 이를 위해서 양방향 데이터 전송이 가능한 기기 (예를 들어 무선호출기나 휴대폰을 개량한 기기)를 이용해 실시간으로 혈당치나 혈압 측정치 등 종합적인 건강정보를 전송하고 이를 자동진단프로그램으로 위험여부를 판별해 경고하는 동시에 자신의 주치의에게 통보되는 시스템을 구현하고자 한다. 본 논문에서는 혈당치와 혈압 측정치의 데이터에 대하여 자동진단프로그램을 이용하여 관리도를 자동 생성하고 이를 전 문의사의 지식에 의한 진단프로그램과 연계하여 관리 한계선을 벗어나면 위험을 알리게 되고, 전문가시스템을 도입한 1대 1 대화형으로 자체진단을 하게 하는 인터넷 기반 진단프로그램을 개발하여 고객의 건강상태를 진단하게 한다. 본 연구는 기존의 이동통신기술을 혈압측정기와 결합시켜 의료기관과 연결시키는 데이터 전송기술을 응용하고, 의사가 실제 환자 앞에서 행하는 진료 과정을 원격으로 실시하는 원격진료 시스템의 프로토타입 개발을 목표로 하고 있다.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2004

In this paper, we consider choosing the appropriate covariance structure for analyzing repeated measures data with three repeat factors from a study of blood pressure data, which is collected from the local residents of Yangpyeong, Gyeonggi-do (2001) and fitted linear mixed models to find the significant covariates on outcome variable(Blood Pressure)