Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.3345/kjp.2008.51.9.998

Normal blood pressure values and percentile curves measured by oscillometric method in children under 6 years of age  

Sohn, Jin A (Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University)
Lee, Hee Sook (Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University)
Lim, Kyoung Aha (Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Pocheon Cha University)
Yoon, So Young (Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Kwandong University)
Jung, Jo Won (Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Ajou University)
Kim, Nam Su (Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Hanyang University)
Noh, Chung Il (Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Seoul National University)
Lee, Soon Young (Department of Preventive Medicine, Ajou University)
Hong, Young Mi (Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University)
Publication Information
Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics / v.51, no.9, 2008 , pp. 998-1006 More about this Journal
Abstract
Purpose : Hypertension is defined as average systolic blood pressure and/or diastolic blood pressure that is ${\geq}95^{th}$ percentile for gender, age, and height on ${\geq}three$ occasions. Knowing that blood pressure values increase in children as they grow older, the purposes of this study were to measure blood pressure by an oscillometric device and to determine normal values and percentile curves for children. Methods : Systolic and diastolic blood pressures were measured twice with an oscillometric device in 3,545 boys and 3,145 girls under six years of age, in Seoul. Using this data, we determined average blood pressure values and percentile curves based on gender and age; we subdivided these values into blood pressures of $50^{th}$, $90^{th}$, $95^{th}$, and $99^{th}$ percentiles, by percentile of height. The regression coefficients and standard deviations of the systolic and diastolic blood pressure values were obtained from linear regression models. Results : Older boys and girls had higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure values. Older boys and girls in the same percentile of height for age had higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure values. Taller boys and girls within the same age group had higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure values. Conclusion : Blood pressure standards based on gender, age, and height were obtained via an oscillometric method. Llimitation of this study is that the study population was not from the whole country, but exclusively from Seoul. Nonetheless, the data from this study will be helpful in diagnosing and managing hypertension in Korean children.
Keywords
Blood pressure; Child; Hypertension;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 3  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 Suh HI, Hong YM. Oscillometric blood pressure values of infants and children. J Korean Pediatr Soc 2000;43:1029-36
2 Lee CG, Moon JS, Choi JM, Nam CM, Lee SY, Oh KW, et al. Normative blood pressure references for Korean children and adolescents. Korean J Pediatr 2008;51:33-41   DOI   ScienceOn
3 Sorof JM, Lai D, Turner J, Poffenbarger T, Portman RJ. Overweight, ethnicity, and the prevalence of hypertension in school-aged children. Pediatrics 2004;113:475-82   DOI   ScienceOn
4 Rosner B, Cook N, Portman R, Daniels S, Falkner B. Determination of blood pressure percentiles in normal-weight children: some methodological issues. Am J Epidemiol 2008;167:653-66   DOI   ScienceOn
5 Bao W, Threefoot SA, Srinivasan SR, Berenson GS. Essential hypertension predicted by tracking of elevated blood pressure from childhood to adulthood: the Bogalusa heart study. Am J Hypertens 1995;8:657-65   DOI   ScienceOn
6 O'Brien E, Mee F, Atkins N, O'Malley K. Short report: accuracy of the Dinamap portable monitor, model 8100 determined by the British Hypertension Society protocol. J Hypertens 1993;11:761-3   DOI
7 Hashimoto N, Kawasaki T, Kikuchi T, Uchiyama M. Criteria of normal blood pressure and hypertension in Japanese preschool children. J Hum hypertens 1997;11:351-4   DOI
8 Marsh JL, King W, Barrett C, Fonkalsrud EW. Serious complications after umbilical artery catheterization for neonatal monitoring. Arch Surg 1975;110:1203-8   DOI   ScienceOn
9 Colan SD, Fujii A, Borow KM, MacPherson D, Sanders SP. Noninvasive determination of systolic, diastolic and endsystolic blood pressure in neonates, infants and young children: comparison with central aortic pressure measurements. Am J Cardiol 1983;52:867-70   DOI   ScienceOn
10 Park MK, Menard SM. Accuracy of blood pressure measurement by the Dinamap monitor in infants and children. Pediatrics 1987;79:907-14
11 He Q, Ding ZY, Fong DY, Karlberg J. Blood pressure is associated with body mass index in both normal and obese children. Hypertension 2000;36:165-70   DOI   ScienceOn
12 Kim YD, Choi JW, Yun CK. A study on blood pressure measurements in the newborn infants. J Korean Pediatr Soc 1986;29:7-17
13 Jackson LV, Thalange NK, Cole TJ. Blood pressure centiles for Great Britain. Arch Dis Child 2007;92:298-303   DOI   ScienceOn
14 National high blood pressure education program working group on high blood pressure in children and adolescents. The fourth report on the diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment of high blood pressure in children and adolescents. Pediatrics 2004;114(2 Suppl):555S-76S   DOI   ScienceOn
15 Moon JS, Lee SY, Nam CM, Choi JM, Choe BK, Seo JW, et al. 2007 Korean national growth charts: review of developmental process and an outlook. Korean J Pediatr 2008;51:1-25   DOI   ScienceOn
16 Hohn AR, Dwyer KM, Dwyer JH. Blood pressure in youth from four ethnic groups: the Pasadena prevention project. J Pediatr 1994;125:368-73   DOI   ScienceOn
17 Chase HP, Garg SK, Icaza G, Carmain JA, Walravens CF, Marshall G. 24-h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in healthy young adult Anglo, Hispanic and African-American subjects. Am J Hypertens 1997;10:18-23   DOI   ScienceOn
18 Varda NM, Gregoric A. A diagnostic approach for the child with hypertension. Pediatr Nephrol 2005;20:499-506   DOI
19 Park MK, Menard SW, Yuan C. Comparison of blood pressure in children from three ethnic groups. Am J Cardiol 2001;87:1305-8   DOI   ScienceOn
20 Lee EH, Namgung R, Lee C, Han DG. A study on the noninvasive measurement of blood pressure in normal newborn. J Korean Pediatr Soc 1989;32:1216-23
21 Hong YM, Lee JY, Jung JW, Kim NS, Noh CI, Lee SY, et al. Normal blood pressure values and percentile curves in children. Korean Circ J 2006;36:744-52   DOI
22 Munger RG, Prineas RJ, Gomez-Marin O. Persistent elevation of blood pressure among children with a family history of hypertension: the Minneapolis children' s blood pressure study. J Hypertens 1988;6:647-53   DOI
23 Muntner P, He J, Cutler JA, Wildman RP, Whelton PK. Trends in blood pressure among children and adolescents. JAMA 2004;291:2107-13   DOI   ScienceOn
24 Portman RJ, McNiece KL, Swinford RD, Braun MC, Samuels JA. Pediatric hypertension: diagnosis, evaluation, management, and treatment for the primary care physician. Curr Probl Pediatr Adolesc Health Care 2005;35:262-94   DOI   ScienceOn
25 Lee KJ, Choi JH, Lee J, Shin ZH, Jung JH, Sohn JW, et al. Evaluation of correlation between automatic oscillometric sphygmomanometer and standard Korotkoff auscultatory sphygmomanometer. Korean Circ J 1997;27:501-7   DOI
26 Kaufmann MA, Pargger H, Drop LJ. Oscillometric blood pressure measurements by different devices are not interchangeable. Anesth Analg 1996;82:377-81   DOI
27 Voors AW, Foster TA, Frerichs RR, Webber LS, Berenson GS. Studies of blood pressures in children, ages 5-14 years, in a total biracial community: the Bogalusa heart study. Circulation 1976;54:319-27   DOI   ScienceOn
28 Weaver MG, Park MK, Lee DH. Differences in blood pressure levels obtained by auscultatory and oscillometric methods. Am J Dis Child 1990;144:911-4
29 Park MK, Menard SW, Yuan C. Comparison of auscultatory and oscillometric blood pressures. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2001;155:50-3   DOI
30 Rosner B, Prineas R, Daniels SR, Loggie J. Blood pressure differences between blacks and whites in relation to body size among US children and adolescents. Am J Epidemiol 2000;151:1007-19   DOI   ScienceOn