• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.99-119
• /
• 2006

Endothelin (ET) is a 21 amino acid peptide with multifunctional effects on the vasculature as well as a variety of other cell types such as respiratory, gastrointestinal, urogenital, endocrine, central nervous systems, and others. Endothelin has emerged as a modulator by autocrine and paracrine actions for many cellular activities, including vasoconstriction, cell proliferation, hormone production, neurotransmitter and/or neuromodulator. The endothelin family consists of three closely related peptides, ET-1, ET-2, and ET-3 derived from separate genes, such as chromosome 6, 1, and 20, respectively. ET-1 is the predominant isoform produced in the cardiovascular system and about which most is known. Endothelin receptors are seven-transmembrane GTP-binding protein-coupled receptors, which are classified into endothelin-A (ETA) and endothelin-B (ETB) receptors. Interestingly, recent evidence is accumulating to suggest that ET -1 may contribute to a variety of pain states such as allodynia and hyperalgesia in animals and humans. Therefore, in this review the biological characteristics and contraction-related mechanism of endothelin-1 in mammalian cells will be summarized. Especially, we focus on multifunctional roles for ET-1 in noxious stimulation-induced pain for the study of pain specialized physical therapy.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
• /
• v.24 no.3
• /
• pp.189-197
• /
• 2009

Two-pore domain $K^+(K_{2P})$ channels contribute to setting the resting membrane potential in excitable and nonexcitable cells. However, the cellular or tissue distribution and function of $K_{2P}$ channels expressed in mammalian germ cells and reproductive organs have not yet been reviewed by researchers. In this review, we focus on expression, localization and expected properties of $K_{2P}$ channels in germ cells and reproductive organs. The $K_{2P}$ channels are expressed in human cytotrophoblast cells, myometrium, placental vascular system, uterine smooth muscle, and pregnant term tissue, suggesting that $K_{2P}$ channels might be involved in the processes of pregnance. The $K_{2P}$ channels are also expressed in mouse zygotes, monkey sperm, ovary, testis, germ cells, and embryos of Korean cattle. Interestingly, $K_{2P}$ channels are modulated by changes in temperature and oxygen concentration which play an important role in embryonic development. Also, $K_{2P}$ channels are responsible for $K^+$ efflux during apoptotic volume decreases in mouse zygotes. These expression patterns and properties of the $K_{2P}$ channels in reproductive organs and germ cells are likely to help the understanding of ion channel-related function in reproductive physiology.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.27-38
• /
• 1975

The following tumors occurring naturally in the dog were studied pathologically and discussed briefly. Tumors of the skin and subcutis: Fibroma, Lipoma, Epidermal cyst, Melanosarcoma, Sweat gland adenoma, Mastocytoma (2 cases), Mastosarcoma, and Sebaceous gland carcinoma. Tumors of the spleen and lymph node: Fibrosarcoma of the capsule of spleen, Leiomysarcoma of the spleen, and Lymphosarcoma of the lymph node (2 cases). Tumors of the lung: Bronchogenic carcinoma (3 cases), Adenocarcinoma type, Squamous carcinoma type, and Undifferentiated (round cell) carcinoma type respectively. Tumors of the alimentary tract and liver: Fibroma of the stomach, Hemangioma of the liver, Bile duct carcinoma, Liver cell carcinoma, and Myelogenous leukemia manifested in the liver. Tumor of the peritoneum: Fibrosarcoma. Tumors of the urogenital system: Fibroma of the uterus, Fibroma of the prepuce, Follicular cyst of the ovary, Transmissible venereal tumor of the vagina (6 cases), Carcinoma of the kidney, Adenoma of the prostate (2 cases), and Seminoma of the testis. Tumors of the mammary gland: Mixed tumor (2 cases), and Myoepithelioma. Tumor of the nervous system: Neurofibrosarcoma of the thigh.

• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.119-124
• /
• 2008

Purpose: To present our experience with soft tissue reconstruction using anterolateral thigh free flap after resection of soft tissue sarcoma. Materials and Methods: Between January of 2003 and June of 2007, we treated 7 patients with soft tissue reconstruction using anterolateral thigh free flap after wide resection for soft tissue sarcoma. We retrospectively analyzed type and size of tumors, resection margin, size of defect after resection, time of operation, flap survival and complication. Results: The type of sarcoma was 3 synovial sarcoma, 2 malignant fibrous histiocytoma, 1 leimyosarcoma and 1 fibrosarcoma. The size of tumor varied from $3{\times}5\;cm$ to $7{\times}8\;cm$. The resection margins of tumors were negative in all cases. The size of soft tissue defect after resection varied from $6{\times}8\;cm$ to $15{\times}10\;cm$. The mean time of operation was 3.6 hours. All flaps were survived. Conclusion: Anterolateral thigh free flap appear to be ideal for reconstruction after wide resection of soft tissue sarcoma.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• v.29 no.10
• /
• pp.1123-1128
• /
• 1996

A clinical study was performed on 152 cases of surgical esophageal disease treated by the Department of Thoracic & Cardiovascular Surgery of Korea University Hospital from Jan. 1989 through July 1994. The most common esophageal disease was cancer which was seen in 73 cases (48%) among 152 cases. All were treated surgically' 52 patients (71%) were managed by curative or palliative resection with reconstruction and feeding gastrostomy or jejunostomy, otherwise Celestine tube insertion was performed on the remaining 21 patients for palliatio'n. Esophageal leiomyoma occurred in 6 cases(3.9%), among them 1 case was performed with trio recoscopic enucleation . Achalasia were in 7 cases (4.6%) and was treated with modified Heller's m otomy and with Belsey Mark IV operation. Diverticulum were in 11 cases (7.2%). Esophageal stricture occurred in 20 cases (14.1 %) and 17 of 20 cases were managed with bypass surgery. Esophageal perforation was seen in 20 cases, its cause was instrumental trauma in 7 cases, stab wound in 4 cases, foreign body in 4 cases, spontaneous perforation in 3 cases, and others 1 case Other disease including congenital lesion was seen In 1 Scases.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• v.51 no.2
• /
• pp.173-177
• /
• 2001

A 38-year-old woman presented with facial edema with neck vein engorgement for about 45 days. Chest roentgenography showed bulging soft tissue opacities in the right superoanterior mediastinum and a lobulated intraluminal mass was noted in the superior vena cava on the venacavogram. The superior vena cava was incised and the tumor located from the junction of the superior vena cava and internal jugular vein to the right atrial inlet was excised. Grossly, the tumor was myxoid or gelatinous in appearance. A combination of microscopic and immunohistochemical features showed myxoid leiomyosarcoma arising from the wall of the superior vena cava.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• v.38 no.3
• /
• pp.270-279
• /
• 1991

It has been well known that the integrity of airway epithelium is important in developing of bronchial hyperreactivity or bronchial asthma. But the mechanisms underlying this nonspecific airway hyperresponsiveness are not yet determined. To evaluate the ability of guinea pig trachea to release an epithelium derived relaxing factor (EpDRF) which relax rat vascular smooth muscle, we performed the coaxial bioassay using guinea pig trachea and rat aorta. And to evaluate the nature of EpDRF we investigate the influence of methylene blue and indomethacin on the coaxial bioassay. Results were as follows. 1) Vascular smooth muscle mounted into the epithelium intact trachea which was precontracted with phenylephrine was relaxed by addition of histamine or acetylcholine. But vascular smooth muscle mounted into epithelium denuded trachea failed to be relaxed. 2) Epithelium dependent relaxation of vascular smooth muscle was not affected by pretreatment of methylene blue or indomethacin. These results strongly suggests that guinea pig tracheal epithelium releases EpDRF which is able to relax rat vascular smooth muscle. And EpDRF released by airway epithelium is not related to endothelium derived relaxing factor (EDRF) or cyclooxygenase products.

• Progress in Medical Physics
• /
• v.20 no.3
• /
• pp.125-131
• /
• 2009

In this study, the paclitaxel eluting stent (PES) was prepared by coating a biliary stent with paclitaxel using various biopolymer such as poly (vinyl acetate) (PVAc), poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA), Silicone rubber for restenosis prevention in gastrointestinal disease by a dip-coating method. Drug contents of PES were increased as surface area of stent, concentration and molecular weight of coating polymer increase. In $^1H-NMR$ specta, we know that drug did not change by confirming specific peaks of paclitaxel in PES. As shown in SEM image, PES prepared using various biopolymer is coated clearly and regularly except Silicone rubber coating polymer. In in vitro cell cytotoxicity test, bare stent showed low cytotoxic effect against CT-26 colon carcinoma cell line on 3 day. However, PES coated with PLGA 502H showed the highest cytotoxicity because PLGA 502H is biodegradable polymer and has less molecular weight than other coating polymer. These results suggest that PES coated various biopolymer can be prevented restenosis in gastrointestinal disease.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.114-124
• /
• 1998

We analyzed the mammographic (n=21) findings (location, margin, shape, cluster microcalcifications, size, multiplicity) and ultrasonographic (n=12) findings (shape, border, internal echo, boundary echo, posterior echo, lateral echo, width/depth ratio) to evaluate specific radiologic findings of histopathologically proved uncommon breast cancer. The mammographic findings (n=21) are as follow; 1) single; 16, multiple; 5 2) margin (smooth; 13, irregular; 4, spiculated; 4) 3) shape (round and ovoid; 9, lobulated; 8, irregular; 4) 4) cluster micro calcifications (abscent; 20, present; 1) 5) size (1-3cm; 18, 3-5cm; 2, 5cm> ; 1) 6) location (UOQ; 13, UIQ; 4, LIQ; 3, LOQ; 1). The ultrasonographic findings (n=12) are as follow; 1) shape (round to oval; 5, lobulated; 5, irregular; 2) 2) border (smooth even; 9, rough uneven; 3) 3) internal echo (fine homogeneous; 5, coarse heterogeneous; 7) 4) boundary echo (regular fine; 4, irregular thick; 8) 5) posterior echo (enhanced; 11, no change; 1) 6) lateral echo (marked; 7, nonexistent; 5) 7) width/depth ratio (1.5> ; 1, 1.0-1.5; 7, 1.0< ; 4). Uncommon breast cancer show benign nature on mammogram, but malignant nature on ultrasonogram (especially boundary echo, internal echo, width/depth ratio).

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• v.39 no.11 s.268
• /
• pp.822-827
• /
• 2006

Background: Lung transplantation is a definitive therapy for a variety of end stage lung diseases. Since 1996, we have performed thirteen cases of lung transplantation including two retransplantations, and we analyzed the outcomes, complications, and survivals of these patients. Material and Method: We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of thirteen cases from July, 1996 to July, 2005. Result: During the period, 11 patients had undergone 43 lung and heart-lung transplantations, and two patients had retransplantation due to allograft failure. Mean age of recipients were $45.2{\pm}10.7$ years(range, $25{\sim}59$). Early complications were bleeding, reperfusion injury, and infection and late complications were mainly infection and post-transplantation lymphoproliferative disease. Excluding the operative mortality, the mean survival period was 16.5 months($2{\sim}60$ months). Two retransplantations had been performed 2 weeks and 13 months after single lung transplantations. Conclusion: In order to achieve long term survival, early detection of complications and proper treatment in addition to surgical skills are necessary, and these efforts can promote better lung transplantation programs in the near future.