• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1994.04a
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• pp.288-288
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• 1994

1.목적 $K^{+}$ 통로 개방제인 cromakalim과 levcromakalim이 원형질막의 $K^{+}$ 통로를 개방시켜 막의 과분극을 일으킴으로서 강력한 혈관 이완작용을 일으킨다는 것은 주지하는 바다. 본 연구진들은 지난 2년간의 신약개발 연구사업을 통하여 cromakalim과 pinacidil 등 여러종의 K+통로개방제가 건전한 평활근 세포에서 phenylephrine뿐만 아니라 saponin처리에 의한 투과성 근세포 (permeabilized cells)에서 inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate (IP$_3$)에 의한 수축도 억제함을 보고 하였다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 수축작용에 대한 SPEX fluolog-2 spectrophotometer를 사용하여 돼지의 관상동맥 혈관근의 세포질내 $Ca^{++}$의 농도 ([$Ca^{++}$])의 변동을 관찰하였다. 정상 관상동맥 혈관근 조직에서 acetylcholine (0.1-1$\mu$M)에 의한 [Ca$^{++}$]농도의 증가와 b-escin 처리에 의한 skinned strip에서의 IP3 (1-5$\mu$M)에 의한 [Ca$^{2+}$]의 증가는 cromakalim과 levcromakalim의 전처치에 의하여 현저히 억제되었다. Skinned strip에서 이러한 K+ 통로 개방제에 의한 $IP_3$-요도 ($Ca^{2+}$)i 증가의 억제가 apamin (1-5 mM)과 glibenclamide (1$\mu$M)에 의하여 봉쇄되었으나, chrybdotoxin (0.1$\mu$M)에 의하여는 영향을 받지 아니하였다 한편 skinned strip에서 cromakalim은 GTP${\gamma}$s에 의한 [$Ca^{2+}$]i의 증가는 봉쇄하였으나 caffeine에 의한 [$Ca^{2+}$]i의 증가는 영향을 미치지 아니하였다. 이러한 연구결과로 보아 cromakalim과 levcromakalim과 같은 $K^{+}$ 통로 개방제가 세포막의 $K^{+}$ 통로를 개방하는 작용 뿐만 아니라 적어도 sarcoplasmic membrane에서 $Ca^{2+}$의 유리를 봉쇄함으로써 강력한 혈관 평활근 이완 작용을 나타내는 것으로 시사된다.

• Proceedings of the KTCVS Conference
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• 1998.10a
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• pp.23-23
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• 1998

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1993.04a
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• pp.85-85
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• 1993

뇌동맥계는 일과성 저혈압에 반응하여 혈관확장이 야기되고, 혈압 상승시에는 혈관수축이 일어남으로서 뇌혈류가 일정하게 조절된다. 이러한 자가조절은 뇌손상 등의 병적 상태에서 야기된다. 연구의 목적은 \circled1 Cromakalim, CGRP(calcitonin-gene related peptide), 및 substance P에 의하여 뇌연막동맥의 직경이 어떻게 변동하는가를 관찰하고 \circled2 이들 신경성 peptide의 작용에 대하여 $K^{＋}$ 통로 개방 봉쇄제인 glibenclamide의 전처치 효과를 검색하고 \circled3 Capsaicin 전처치가 뇌혈류 자가조절에 어떻게 영향을 미치는가를 검색하였다. 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 뇌혈류 자가조절은 대퇴동맥을 통한 사혈에 의하여 혈압하강을 일으킬 때 뇌연막 동맥은 이완하였고, reservoir내의 혈액을 체내로 주입함로서 혈압반전을 일으켰을 때는 혈관 수축이 일어났다. 2. 연막동맥은 glibenclamide (1~3$\mu$M)의 관류에 의하여는 영향을 받아니하였다. 3. 혈압변동에 따른 혈관직경의 변화를 회기직선으로 분석하였다. Glibenclamide 1과 3$\mu$M의 전처치 관류에 의하여 혈압하강에 따른 혈관 이완경사도와 혈압반전에 따른 혈관수축 경사도가 대조군에 비하여 현저히 약화되었다. 4. Cromakalim (0.1-30$\mu$M)의 각 농도를 대뇌표면에 관류시 연막동맥의 기초직경은 약물농도에 의존하여 증가되었고, 이는 glibenclamide (1$\mu$M) 전처치 관류에 의하여 억제되었다. 5. CGRP (0.1~100 nM)와 substance P (0.1~10nM)도 용량에 의존하여 혈관이완을 일으켰다. 전자는 glibenclamide (1$\mu$M) 전처치 관류에 의하여 억제되었으나 후자는 영향을 받지 아니하였다. 6. Capsaicin(50 nmol: intracisternally) 주사에 의하여 뇌혈류자가조절의 변동이 초래되었다. 이상의 결과들을 종합하면 CGRP가 혈압변동에 의하여 반사적으로 유리되고, 이는 glibenclamide-sensitive $K^{＋}$ 통로에 작용하는 것으로 시사된다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.38 no.7 s.252
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• pp.468-475
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• 2005

Transmyocardial revascularization (TMR) in end stage ischemic heart disease results in variable clinical responses. We investigated the acute effect of early reperfusion and the angiogenesis after formation of the transmyocardial channel in a transplanted rat heart model with acute myocardial infarction. Material and Method: In the 30 transplanted hearts we induced acute myocardial infarction by ligating the proximal left coronary artery and inserted a porous 22G intravenous cannula into the left ventricle. After ten minutes of reperfusion, we removed the cannula. At every stage, we recorded the heart rate, QRS size, and left coronary arterial blood flow using the electrocardiogram and Doppler. One week later the rats were sacrificed and evaluated for the patency of intramyocardial channels and the angiogenesis. Result: The heart rates after ligation and after cannula insertion were $239.1\pm61.7,\;235.8\pm58.0bpm$ respectively, and they were statistically significantly slower than that of before ligation, $277.6\pm40.3bpm\;(p=0.017,\;p=0.007\;respectively)$. QRS sizes before ligation, after ligation, and after cannula insertion were $3.6\pm3.3mm,\;2.8\pm3.3 mm,\;and\;2.4\pm2.2mm,$respectively, and there was no significant difference in the three groups. Doppler findings after ligation showed that average peak and mean values of coronary perfusion were significantly decreased from $2.11\pm0.17kHz,\;1.25\pm0.22kHz\;to\;0.83\pm0.15kHz,\;0.38\pm0.11kHz$(p<0.05 respectively). After insertion of the porous cannula, the average peak and mean values of coronary perfusion were $0.61\pm0.05kHz\;and\;0.33\pm0.05 kHz$ respectively, but there was no statistically significant change compared to values after ligation. In all cases except one, pathologic findings showed no patent channels in the acute stage, however, one case showed the angiogenesis. Conclusion: We confirmed that TMR in a rat heart transplant model did not show blood flow through the channel in the acute stage. However, reperfusion effect in some cases had a potential for angiogenesis.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.85-94
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• 2013

단삼(丹蔘) (Salvia miltiorrhiza)은 꿀풀과(일과(―科) Lamiaceae)에 속하는 다년생 초본으로, 중국이 원산지이며 약용하기 위해 우리나라에서도 널리 재배하고 있다. 신농본초경(神農本草經) 상품(上品)에 수재(收載)되어 있으며, 거어지통(祛瘀止痛), 양혈소종(凉血消腫), 청심제번(淸心除煩), 활혈조혈(活血調血) 등의 효능이 있어 부인과 질환에 많이 사용되고 있는 약재에 속한다. 본 연구에서는 단삼(丹蔘) 추출물이 흰쥐의 흉부 대동맥 절편에 어떠한 양상으로 작용하는지 확인하고자 하였으며, 그 결과 단삼 추출물 특히 헥산 분획에서 강력한 혈관 이완 작용이 나타났으며, 혈관 내피 세포의 존재 유무에 상관없이 농도 의존적으로 혈관을 이완시켰으나 혈관 내피 세포가 존재하는 상황에서 더욱 강력한 혈관 이완 작용을 보였다. 이러한 과정에 NO에 의한 cGMP 증가가 주요하게 작용하는 것으로 추정되었으며, 칼슘 통로 차단 효과에 의한 세포 내 $Ca^{2+}$의 감소도 관여하는 것으로 생각된다.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.231-236
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• 2015

Angiotensin II (AngII) is an essential hormone that affects vascular physiology. For example, stimulation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) rapidly induces vasoconstriction and results in the up-regulation of blood pressure. Chronic stimulation of VSMCs with AngII also results in hypertrophy. In this study, we confirmed an involvement of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-dependent calcium mobilization in AngII-induced generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Stimulation of rat aortic smooth muscle cells (RASMCs) with AngII significantly induced the generation of ROS in a dose- and time-dependent manner. AngII-induced generation of ROS was completely abolished by pharmacological inhibition of PI3K (with LY294002), but inhibition of the ERK signaling pathway had no effect. AngII-induced calcium mobilization was completely blocked by inhibition of PI3K, whereas inhibition of the ERK signaling pathway by PD98059 was ineffective. Depletion of extracellular calcium or inhibition of the L-type calcium channel by nifedipine completely blocked AngII-induced calcium mobilization. Depletion of extracellular calcium by EGTA and incubation of RASMCs with calcium-free medium both significantly blocked AngII-induced ROS generation. Inhibition of the L-type calcium channel also significantly blocked AngII-induced ROS generation. These results suggest that AngII-induced ROS generation is regulated by calcium mobilization, which, in turn, is modulated by a PI3K/L-type calcium channel signaling pathway.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.215-222
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• 2015

Purpose: For hemodialysis, a vascular access which can maintain a certain speed for a long time is required. The prevention of the vascular access dysfunction is very important to decrease morbidity and to improvethe quality of life of patients receiving hemodialysis It is reported that far infrared heat increases the blood flow by expanding capillaries and micro-arteriovenouses. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of far infrared heat therapy as a new nursing intervention for maintaining vascular access function and improving the blood flow of patients receiving hemodialysis. Methods: The quasi-experimental research of nonequivalent control group pre-post test design was carried out for 59 patients receiving hemodialysis 3 times per week at K medical center. A far infrared heat was applied to the experimental group for 3 months. Results: The arteriovenous fistula blood flow of the experimental group (far infrared heat therapy group) increased significantly when compared to the control group (p=.047). However, static intra-access pressure ratio(SIAPR)was not different statistically (p=.101). Conclusion: The far infrared therapy could be considered as nursing intervention of choice as it demonstrated increase in the arteriovenous fistula blood flow in the patients receiving hemodialysis.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.189-197
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• 2009

Two-pore domain $K^+(K_{2P})$ channels contribute to setting the resting membrane potential in excitable and nonexcitable cells. However, the cellular or tissue distribution and function of $K_{2P}$ channels expressed in mammalian germ cells and reproductive organs have not yet been reviewed by researchers. In this review, we focus on expression, localization and expected properties of $K_{2P}$ channels in germ cells and reproductive organs. The $K_{2P}$ channels are expressed in human cytotrophoblast cells, myometrium, placental vascular system, uterine smooth muscle, and pregnant term tissue, suggesting that $K_{2P}$ channels might be involved in the processes of pregnance. The $K_{2P}$ channels are also expressed in mouse zygotes, monkey sperm, ovary, testis, germ cells, and embryos of Korean cattle. Interestingly, $K_{2P}$ channels are modulated by changes in temperature and oxygen concentration which play an important role in embryonic development. Also, $K_{2P}$ channels are responsible for $K^+$ efflux during apoptotic volume decreases in mouse zygotes. These expression patterns and properties of the $K_{2P}$ channels in reproductive organs and germ cells are likely to help the understanding of ion channel-related function in reproductive physiology.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.37 no.11
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• pp.933-936
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• 2004

Intravenous leiomyomatosis is a rare disease entity of benign smooth muscle invading into the lumen of veins. We describe a case of intravenous leiomyomatosis originating from the uterus, growing in the inferior vena cava, and extending into the right ventricle association with multiple pulmonary metastasis. A 53-year-old woman with chest discomfort and several times attacks of syncope was treated at our hospital. The tumor was successfully removed with moderate hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass after total hysterectomy with a bilateral salphingo-oophorectomy, and multiple pulmonary metastasis under simultaneous sternotomy and laparotomy was confirmed.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.39 no.4 s.261
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• pp.281-288
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• 2006

Background: Extracardiac pericardial-flap lateral tunnel Fontan operation has theoretical advantage of growth potentiality of the extracardiac tunnels. The mid-term results of this technique and morphologic change of the lateral tunnel were studied. Material and Method: Clinical data was reviewed in 42 patients who underwent extracardiac pericardial-flap lateral tunnel Fontan operation between November 1993 and December 2004. The age was $2.8{\pm}1.5$ years and the body weight was $12.3{\pm}3.2$ kg. Extracardiac tunnel was constructed using the pedicled pericardium with the base undetached. By reviewing the follow-up cardiac angiograms, the diameter and the cross-sectional area of the lateral tunnel was compared to those of inferior vena cava. Result: There were four operative mortality cases (9.8%) and the causes of death were low cardiac output for all four cases. Postoperatively, five patients had prolonged pleural effusion longer than two weeks and one patient required a permanent pacemaker due to complete heart block. Follow-up was possible in 37 patients and the follow up duration was $3.8{\pm}2.2$ years. During that period, one patient died, of upper gastrointestional bleeding combined with heart failure and one patient died a sudden death of unknown cause. Two patients required reoperation due to subaortic stenosis and anastomosis site stenosis between inferior vena cava and lateral tunnel. In one patient, bradyarrhythmia was anew but there was no thromboembolic complication. The lateral tunnel showed growth in proportion to the size of the inferior vena cava. Conclusion: Extracardiac pericardial-flap lateral tunnel Fontan operation is relatively simple and safe. The mid-term result was favorable and the extracardiac tunnel showed potential for growth.