• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.15-25
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• 2013

The RIMGIS(River Information Management GIS) has been developed since 2000 for public service and practical applications of related works after the standardization of national river data such as the river facility register report, river survey map, attached map, and etc. The RIMGIS has been improved in order to respond proactively to change in the information environment. Recently, Smart River-based river information services and related data have become so large as to be overwhelming, making necessary improvements in managing big data. In this study a plan was suggested both to respond to these changes in the information environment and to provide a future Smart River-based river information service by understanding the current state of RIMGIS, improving RIMGIS itself, redesigning the database, developing distribution, and integrating river information systems. Therefore, primary and foreign key, which can distinguish attribute information and entity linkages, were redefined to increase the usability of RIMGIS. Database construction of attribute information and entity relationship diagram have been newly redefined to redesign linkages among tables from the perspective of a river standard database. In addition, this study was undertaken to expand the current supplier-oriented operating system to a demand-oriented operating system by establishing an efficient management of river-related information and a utilization system capable of adapting to the changes of a river management paradigm.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.17 no.11
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• pp.189-194
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• 2019

Forest investigation is the basic data for forest preservation and forest resource development, and periodical data acquisition and management have been performed. However, most of the current forest investigations in Korea are surveys to grasp the current status of forests, and various applications have not been made as geospatial information. In this study, the unmanned aerial scanner was used to acquire and process data in the forest area and to present an efficient forest survey method through analysis of the results. Unmanned aerial scanners can extract ground below vegetation, effectively creating DEM for forest management. It can be used as geospatial information for forest investigation and management by generating accurate topographical data that is impossible in conventional photogrammetry. It can also be used to measure distances between power lines and vegetation or manage transmission lines in forest areas. The accurate vertical distance measurement for vegetation surveys can greatly improve the accuracy of labor measurement and work efficiency compared to conventional methods. In the future, the use of unmanned aerial scanners will improve the data acquisition efficiency in forest areas, and will contribute to improved accuracy and economic feasibility compared to conventional methods.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.68-75
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• 2019

This study aims to look at the application methods of landscape architecture in response to the 4th Industrial Revolution. The results of the analysis of trends in the 4th Industrial Revolution and the subsequent search for application methods to the field of landscape architecture are as follows. First, the 4th Industrial Revolution means innovative change based on digital technology and seeks to create value based on intelligent information technology, and continuous growth is being made through innovation. This requires expertise to collect large amounts of information and creatively rework it, and a strategy to flexibly cope with changes in the times. Second, the status of technological use in response to the 4th Industrial Revolution in the field of landscape architecture is generalizing the establishment of precise analysis results such as survey technology and global mapping using drones, three-dimensional design simulation, and VR. In the field of traditional landscape architecture, efforts are made to obtain accurate fact-finding data on landscape site components. Third, the application methods in the field of landscape science according to the 4th Industrial Revolution in the future are required to supply precision technology and supply programs in the technology sector, and to provide a shared platform. In addition, a systemically standardized process will need to be established for this. In addition, educational efforts should be continued to professional manpower training and provide economic support for the development of technologies.

• Journal of Cadastre & Land InformatiX
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.107-123
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• 2021

In recent years, due to the continuous density and urbanization of space, the expansion of awareness of rights, the need for landscape conservation, and the development of construction technology, the conventional flat land use has been deviated from the conventional flat land use, and the transmission line, urban railway, parking lot, communal district, underground shopping mall, pipeline, etc. Although 3D spatial activities are carried out in the form of 3D space, there are considerable difficulties in administration to manage the 3D use of land due to the inadequacy of related regulations. In this background, for the administration that can manage Sectional Superficies, which is a representative case of 3D spatial use of parcels, which is a registered unit of land, first, the law on the establishment and management of spatial information, and cadastral re-examination from the legal and institutional aspects Standardization of 3D space registration through amendments to the Special Act, etc. and the formation of consensus among related departments. Second, in technical and administrative aspects, the registration of Sectional Superficies based on cadastral survey results, establishment of a platform for integrated management of location and attribute data, and registration method was found to be in need of improvement. As suggested in this study, by registering and managing Sectional Superficies, it is possible to manage various 3D land use of not only ground space or surface space but also underground space. It is expected to be able to register and manage lot-based 3D land use efficiently.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2023.05a
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• pp.297-297
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• 2023

최근 친수성, 경관, 생태계 보전 등을 위해 다양한 호안블록의 시공이 이루어지고 있어 호안블록의 수리적 안정성에 관한 관심이 증가하고 있다. 이러한 배경 하에 한국건설기술연구원 안동하천실험센터(이하 센터)에서는 2019년부터 실규모 수로를 이용하여 여러 건의 호안블록 실규모 수리검토 실험을 실시한 바 있다. 본 연구는 그간의 실험 결과를 종합적으로 고찰하고 수리 검토 실험의 현황과 한계점, 그리고 개선 방향을 제언하는데 그 목적이 있다. A1 수로(급경사수로, 하상경사 1/70)에서는 7건(21회), B1 수로(고유속수로, 하상경사 1/7)에서는 2건(6회)의 실험이 수행되었다. A1 수로 실험의 유량-소류력 관계는 1.0 m³/s에서 약 20 N/m²이며, 1.0 m³/s 증가당 약 11 N/m²이 증가하는 관계를 나타낸다. 7건의 실험 결과 30분 이상 지속된 최대 실험 유량은 6~7 m³/s 정도이며, 이는 A1 최대 공급 유량의 75 % 정도로서 안정적인 수준이라고 판단된다. 이 때의 최대 소류력은 75 N/m² 정도로 나타났다. B1 수로는 5 m/s 이상의 고유속 흐름을 발생시킬 수있으며, 2건의 실험 결과 0.5 m³/s에서 약 100 N/m², 최대 4.5 m³/s에서 330 N/m²까지 소류력을 제공하여 실험을 수행한 바 있다. 따라서 A1, B1 수로를 통해 제공할 수 있는 소류력 범위는 10~330 N/m²이지만, 75~100 N/m²는 실험에서 제공된 바 없었다. 한편, 토양유실의 경우 수준측량에 의해 측정되는데, 대부분의 실험에서 Clopper의 토양손실 지수(1.27 cm) 미만의 결과가 발생하였다. 이는 시험체에 따라 여건이 다르기는 하지만, 수리 검토 실험시 3회 실험을 기본으로 하고 있고 호안재료의 침식이 기준 이하로 유지되면서 최대한의 성능을 발휘할 수 있는 소류력 조건을 얻으려는 실험 목적에 부합하도록 조절된 것으로 볼 수 있다. 이러한 실험 결과를 토대로 고려해볼 수 있는 개선 방향은 다음과 같다. 강성 재료가 아닌 연성 또는 친환경적 호안재료의 허용 소류력 범위를 보다 넓게 평가하기 위해 A1 수로가 제공하는 최대 소류력을 높일 필요가 있다. 이를 위해 기본 3회의 실험 외에 추가로 호안블록이 파괴되거나 토양유실 임계치를 초과할 수 있는 실험을 수행함으로써 각 제품의 한계 성능을 평가하는 것이 필요할 것으로 보인다.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.76-83
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to analyze people who applied for and passed engineer landscape architecture examination that had been conducted from 2007 to 2016, the test frequency and trends by the question types in the landscape structure construction and management area, and the test tendencies and features by question types, and thereby to find the test trends for landscape structure construction and management in engineer landscape architecture examination. the analysis results are presented as follows: The people who applied for and passed engineer landscape architecture examinations that had been conducted from 2007 to 2016 were analyzed. as a result, the numbers of applicants and those who passed the examination have been on the decrease from 2011 and from 2012, respectively. the 10-year average rate of successful applicants for engineer landscape architecture examination was 11.2%. The test frequency and trends by the question types in the landscape structure construction area, and the test tendencies and features were analyzed. as a result, based on the key words in the seven categories (construction plan & process management, landscape materials, landscape planting foundation, work classification based construction, landscape estimation, basic structural mechanics, and survey), the questions about work classification based construction accounted for the largest, or 25.2%, and the questions about landscape planting foundation accounted for 3.3%. therefore, landscape planting foundation had lower test frequency and was less important than other categories. The test frequency and trends by the question types in the landscape management area, and the test tendencies and features were analyzed. as a result, based on the key words in the nine categories (operation and use & maintenance, pruning management, fertilization management, weed management, irrigation and drainage management, wintering management, pest management, and lawn management, and landscape facility management), the questions about operation and use & maintenance accounted for the largest, or 37.2%, and the numbers of the questions about fertilization management and irrigation & drainage management and of the questions about waterscape facility of landscape facility management have been on the increase from 2011 and from 2015, respectively. According to the analysis on the test tendencies for landscape structure construction and management areas in the examination there have been questions in a wide range and variety of categories. in terms of the landscape structure construction area, the frequency of questions in work classification based construction, landscape materials, and excellent quality in terms of the landscape management area, the frequency of questions in fertilization management, irrigation & drainage management, and waterscape facility of landscape facility management tends to increase because of environmental factors like climate change.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.1-11
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• 2015

This study sheds light on a pond design process which is a core facility of Hwaseol-dang in Muan, the Jeonnam. The plasticity of the pond was analyzed and interpreted for the design process using methods such as "literature search, interview, site visits, aerial pictures, aerial photographing, drawing figures of configuration plane via measurements, internet search, etc.", to trace the developing process of the design and the implications therein. The study results being centered on the developing process of the pond design are summarized herein below. The position of the Hwaseol-dang, being formed on a low hill having low competence as a place for a pavilion, draws more attention regarding its implications from the aspect of inner design. The pond Hwaseol-dang is in a rectangular shape of 1 : 1.2 ratio, in which the depth is a bit higher on the pond edge of the Hwaseol-dang thus being slanted, and Crape Myrtle, which is not known whether introduced during the formation of the pond, is cultivated on the island in the center widespread toward the southeast region. The planar design of the pond is interpreted as "rectangular pond" but it has a smooth half-moon shape where a part is excluded to remove edge. In particular, the three islands in rectangular pond, due to the narrow area, put one island and two half-moon-shaped islands in juxtaposition, and thus, although only being one island, resultantly exhibits the existence effect of proliferated three islands. This is allegedly due to the intentional formation aiming at the effect of hybrid while minimizing the overlap due to merging and adding from the aspect of constituting a design. Furthermore, the pond Hwaseol-dang is extended northwest along with Hwaseol-dang, and also the island in the center is thought to additionally have one or two, but the widespread phenomenon of the island in the center appears to consider the effect of "sit view on the floor of the pavilion of Hwaseol-dang". Considering that even a few examples of ponds having the three islands among the private house gardens in the nation are all curved ponds, the characteristics of the rectangular Hwaseol-dang pond establishing the garden effect of the three islands by modifying the one island in rectangular pond is highly notable. Considering that the three islands of "Yeongju, Bangjang, and Bongrae" is the original shape of the pond garden gestating Taoist ideology, as a symbolic design of a pond, it is regarded as the characteristics of the pond shape in Jeonnam area, and the so-called three treasures "Hwaseol-dang, Camellia, and oddly shaped stones, etc." are concentrated as the symbolism of Hwaseol-dang pond.

• Proceedings of the KSEEG Conference
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• 2001.05b
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• pp.42-63
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• 2001

The detail survey on the Songsanri tomb site including the Muryong royal tomb was carried out during the period from May 1 , 1996 to April 30, 1997. A quantitative analysis was tried to find changes of tomb itself since the excavation. Main subjects of the survey are to find out the cause of infiltration of rain water and groundwater into the tomb and the tomb site, monitoring of the movement of tomb structure and safety, removal method of the algae inside the tomb, and air controlling system to solve high humidity condition and dew inside the tomb. For these purposes, detail survery inside and outside the tombs using a electronic distance meter and small airplane, monitoring of temperature and humidity, geophysical exploration including electrical resistivity, geomagnetic, gravity and georadar methods, drilling, measurement of physical and chemical properties of drill core and measurement of groundwater permeability were conducted. We found that the center of the subsurface tomb and the center of soil mound on ground are different 4.5 meter and 5 meter for the 5th tomb and 7th tomb, respectively. The fact has caused unequal stress on the tomb structure. In the 7th tomb (the Muryong royal tomb), 435 bricks were broken out of 6025 bricks in 1972, but 1072 bricks are broken in 1996. The break rate has been increased about 250% for just 24 years. The break rate increased about 290% in the 6th tomb. The situation in 1996 is the result for just 24 years while the situation in 1972 was the result for about 1450 years. Status of breaking of bircks represents that a severe problem is undergoing. The eastern wall of the Muryong royal tomb is moving toward inside the tomb with the rate of 2.95 mm/myr in rainy season and 1.52 mm/myr in dry season. The frontal wall shows biggest movement in the 7th tomb having a rate of 2.05 mm/myr toward the passage way. The 6th tomb shows biggest movement among the three tombs having the rate of 7.44mm/myr and 3.61mm/myr toward east for the high break rate of bricks in the 6th tomb. Georadar section of the shallow soil layer represents several faults in the top soil layer of the 5th tomb and 7th tomb. Raninwater flew through faults tnto the tomb and nearby ground and high water content in nearby ground resulted in low resistance and high humidity inside tombs. High humidity inside tomb made a good condition for algae living with high temperature and moderate light source. The 6th tomb is most severe situation and the 7th tomb is the second in terms of algae living. Artificial change of the tomb environment since the excavation, infiltration of rain water and groundwater into the tombsite and bad drainage system had resulted in dangerous status for the tomb structure. Main cause for many problems including breaking of bricks, movement of tomb walls and algae living is infiltration of rainwater and groundwater into the tomb site. Therefore, protection of the tomb site from high water content should be carried out at first. Waterproofing method includes a cover system over the tomvsith using geotextile, clay layer and geomembrane and a deep trench which is 2 meter down to the base of the 5th tomb at the north of the tomv site. Decrease and balancing of soil weight above the tomb are also needed for the sfety of tomb structures. For the algae living inside tombs, we recommend to spray K101 which developed in this study on the surface of wall and then, exposure to ultraviolet light sources for 24 hours. Air controlling system should be changed to a constant temperature and humidity system for the 6th tomb and the 7th tomb. It seems to much better to place the system at frontal room and to ciculate cold air inside tombs to solve dew problem. Above mentioned preservation methods are suggested to give least changes to tomb site and to solve the most fundmental problems. Repairing should be planned in order and some special cares are needed for the safety of tombs in reparing work. Finally, a monitoring system measuring tilting of tomb walls, water content, groundwater level, temperature and humidity is required to monitor and to evaluate the repairing work.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.20-35
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• 2022

This study was conducted on the locational results of the 'Yusanggoksu(流觴曲水)' petroglyphs located in Hwanggak-dong(黃閣洞), Shinsong-ri, Geumma-myeon, Iksan-si through literature study, analysis of old maps and aerial photos, field observations, drone photography, elevation surveys, and interviews with residents. It was attempted for the purpose of illuminating and preserving the relics of the domestic Yusanggoksu garden by clarifying the spatiality of this place by tracing the spatiality and examining the possibility of enjoying the Yusanggoksu water system in this place. The conclusion of this study is as follows. The area around Hwanggak-dong, where the Yusanggoksu remains, has been selected as the most beautiful scenic spot in Iksan in various documents. The origin of 'Hwanggak' is considered to be closely related to the nickname of Uijeongbu(議政府). In other words, he paid attention to the relationship with Yanggok, So Se-yang(蘇世讓), who served as Chan-seong Jwa(左贊成). In particular, he paid attention to the relationship with his birthplace, Taeheojeong, a separate book, and Toehyudang, a retreat hall), tombs, and posthumous Confucian academies were distributed in the vicinity. Haseo-dae(荷鋤臺), a wide rock on which a hoe is hung on a rock after field work, seems to express a leisurely rural life and a simple and hermit life, based on the examples of Chinese and Korean poetry. The dark blood on the upper part of the Seobwi Rock with the inscription 'Yusanggoksu', which is the core of this site, is identified as a chailgong(遮日孔) to support the water system, and Ilgan-pavilion and Mojeong(茅亭) nearby are to support the yusanggoksu. It seems to have performed a spatial function for The inscription 'Hwanggak-dong' engraved on the front of Deungzanbawi is the gateway to Hwanggakdongcheon(黃閣洞天) and identified the idealized world existing in the village. Judging from the documentary records of the Iksan-gun 『Chongswaelog(叢瑣錄)』, the rock letters 'Hwanggak-dong' and 'Haseodae' were engraved on March 29, 1901, the 5th year of Gwangmu, the 5th year of the Korean Empire, by Iksan-gun Governor Oh Haeng-mook(吳宖默) and his acquaintance Seokseong Kim In-gil(金寅吉) Confirmed. Also, considering the tense of Lee Bong-gu's 「Hwanggakdongun(黃閣洞韻)」 and So Jin-deok, a descendant of Yanggok, 「Hwanggakdongsihoe(黃閣洞詩會)」, it is presumed that it was related to Goksuyeon(曲水宴) in Hwanggak-dong. It can be inferred that the current affairs meetings were held at least until the early days of Japanese colonial rule. Meanwhile, the maximum width of the current curved waterway was calculated as 11.3m and the transverse slope was 15.0%. If so, it is estimated that the width and extension distance of the curved waterway would have been much longer. Judging from the use of mochun(暮春), drinking and poetry, the tense 'Hwanggakdongsihoe' related to the Yusanggoksu relics in Hwanggak-dong, and the existence of a pavilion presumed to be Yusangjeong(流觴亭) called Ilgan-pavilion in the nearby Yusanggoksu site It is confirmed that it was a space where Yusanggoksuyeon(流觴曲水宴) spread at least until the end of the Joseon Dynasty. Unfortunately, it remains a limitation of the study that it cannot be confirmed due to lack of data on the rock characters of 'Yusanggoksu' and those who enjoyed it before the end of the Joseon Dynasty. This is an area that needs to be elucidated through continuous efforts to find data on this issue in the future.